Inhibitors of beta-secretase

ABSTRACT

The present invention is directed to a compound represented by the following structural formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions and method of use of the compounds are also described.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

β-Amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are two major pathologiccharacterizations associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinically,AD is characterized by the loss of memory, cognition, reasoning,judgment, and orientation. Also affected, as the disease progresses, aremotor, sensory and linguistic abilities until global impairment ofmultiple cognitive functions occurs. These cognitive losses take placegradually, but typically lead to severe impairment and eventual death in4-12 years.

β-Amyloid deposits are predominantly an aggregate of Aβ peptide, whichin turn is a product of the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein(APP). More specifically, Aβ peptide results from the cleavage of APP atthe C-terminals by one or more γ-secretases, and at the N-terminus byβ-secretase enzyme (BACE), also known as aspartyl protease, as part ofthe β-amyloidogenic pathway.

BACE activity is correlated directly to the generation of Aβ peptidefrom APP, and studies increasingly indicate that the inhibition of BACEinhibits the production of Aβ peptide.

Amyloidogenic plaques and vascular amyloid angiopathy also characterizethe brains of patients with Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome), HereditaryCerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-type (HCHWA-D), andother neurodegenerative disorders. Neurofibrillary tangles also occur inother neurodegenerative disorders including dementia-inducing disorders.

Recently, Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been reported to be implicated in thedevelopment of RGC apotosis in glaucoma, with evidence ofcaspase-3-mediated abnormal amyloid precursor protein processing,increased expression of Aβ in RGCs in experimental glaucoma anddecreased vitreous Aβ levels (consistent with retinal Aβ deposition) inpatients with glaucoma.

The present invention provides compounds that are BACE inhibitors andare useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment, prevention andamelioration of a disease or disorder characterized by elevatedβ-amyloid deposits or β-amyloid levels in a patient.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a compoundrepresented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

ring Het is a 5 membered monocyclic heterocycle or a 6 memberedmonocyclic heterocycle;

R_(a) and R_(b) are each independently —H, -halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,methoxy, fluoromethoxy, methoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and fluoro(C₁-C₄)alkyl;

each R₀ is independent selected from —H, ═O, ═S, ═NR₁₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —CN, —NO₂, halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroarylor heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group represented by R₀ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of -halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —NR₆R₇,—NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅—,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —OR₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(O)OR₅,—OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═O)OR₅, (C═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃ and —C(═S)R₅,wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups inthe substituents on the groups represented by R₀ are each optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected fromhalogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁ is —H, —OH, —(C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl; wherein each alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl isoptionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selectedfrom halogen, —CN, —OH, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxyand halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy;

each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅,—NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)OR₅,—OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═S)R₅, and —C(═O)R₅, and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl groups represented by R₂ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅,—C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on thegroups represented by R₂ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅,—C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl represented by R₃ and R₄ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)R₅, —NR₁₁C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on thegroups represented by R₃ and R₄ are each optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

or R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, formring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclicring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A optionallycontains 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S andwhen the heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogens is substituted with —H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, thesulfurs is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryland heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected fromhalogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroarylor heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl in the groupsrepresented by R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of halogen, ═O,—NR₆C(═NH)NR₆R₇, —C(═O)OR_(c), —OR_(c), —SR_(c), —C(═O)NR₆R₇,—C(═O)R_(c), —S(O)_(i)R_(c), —NO₂, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and —NR₆R₇;

R_(c) is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈) cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, all of whichgroups are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, formring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclicring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A optionallycontains 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S andwhen the heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with —H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, thesulfur is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of from halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryland heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected fromhalogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or two substituentsattached to the same ring atom of ring A can together with the ring atomto which they are attached form a 3 to 6 membered cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from -halogen, —CN, —OR₅,—NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl; or

when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached,form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═S)R₅, and —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl group represented by R₈ and R₉ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl andheteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₈and R₉ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₁ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein (C₁-C₆)alkyl is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected fromhalogen, CN, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the (C₁-C₆)alkoxy,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl andheteroaryl groups are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3substitutes independently selected from the group consisting of halogen,—CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxyand (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl,di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroarylor heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein the (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryland heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting ofhalogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached,form a 3-8 membered ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OR₅,—NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₆R₇, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxyand (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8 membered ring optionallycontains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, which are independently selectedfrom O, N and S, wherein when the additional heteroatom is nitrogen, thenitrogen is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, andwhen the additional heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfur is optionally monoor di-oxygenated;

R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5-F.

i is 0, 1 or 2;

p is 1, 2 3 or 4; and

q is 1, 2 or 3.

In another embodiment, the compound of the present invention isrepresented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

W is —N(R₁₄)—, —S— or —O—;

Z is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—,—C(R₁₆R₁₇)C(═O)—, —C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(R₁₆R₁₇)C(═S)—, —N(R₁₈)—,—(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)—, —O—C(R₁₆R₁₇)— or —C(R₁₆R₁₇)—O—; provided when W is —S—or —O—, Z is not —O—;

R₁₄ is independent selected from —H, ═O, ═S, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroarylor heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl represented by R₁₄ is optionally substitutedwith 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the groupconsisting of -halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅ and —C(═O)R₅;

R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5-F;

R₁₈ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5-F; and

m is 1 or 2.

The remainder of the variables are as described above for StructuralFormula (A).

In another embodiment, the compound of the present invention isrepresented by Structural Formula (I′), wherein:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

X is —O—, —CH₂—C(R₃R₄)—, or —C(R₃R₄)—;

W is —N(R₁₄)—, —S—, —O—;

Z is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—,—C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═NR₁₅)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —N(R₁₈)—, —(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)— or—O—(CR₁₆R₁₇)—; provided when W is —S— or —O—, Z is not —O—;

R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅,—NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, and —C(═O)R₅; and b)(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl,heteroaryl, phenoxy, and benzyloxy, each optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br,—CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl,wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of—F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅,—C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

or R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, formring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclicring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇) cycloheteroalkyl, aryl,heteroaryl or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, eachoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, formring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclicring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; or

when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached,form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl,or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

R₁₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, ordi(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached,form a 3-8 membered ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN,—OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8membered ring optionally contains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, whichare independently selected from O, N and S, wherein when the additionalheteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogens is substituted with —H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the additional heteroatom issulfur, the sulfurs is optionally mono or di-oxygenated;

R₁₄ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,cycloheteroalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substitutedwith 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the groupconsisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy;

R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₁₈ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

i is 0, 1 or 2;

p is 1 or 2; and

m is 1 or 2.

One embodiment of the invention is a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and acompound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by StructuralFormula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof).

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of inhibiting BACEactivity in a subject in need of such treatment. The method comprisesadministering to the subject an effective amount of a BACE inhibitordisclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula(A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a BACEmediated disorder in a subject. The method comprises administering tothe subject an effective amount of a BACE inhibitor disclosed herein(e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), ora pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitordisclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula(A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) for themanufacture of a medicament for inhibiting BACE activity in a subject.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitordisclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula(A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) for themanufacture of a medicament for treating a BACE mediated disorder in asubject.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitordisclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula(A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof forinhibiting BACE activity in a subject in need of such treatment.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitordisclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula(A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof fortreating a BACE mediated disorder in a subject.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by theStructural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof. Values and alternative values for the variables used inthe Structural Formulas described herein are provided in the followingparagraphs. It is understood that the invention encompasses allcombinations of the substituent variables (i.e., R¹, R², R³, etc.)defined herein.—Values and alternative values for the variables are asfollows:

1. R₁:

In one embodiment, R₁ is as described above for Structural Formula (A).In another embodiment, R₁ is as described above for Structural Formula(I′).

Alternatively, R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl orbenzyl. Alternatively, R₁ is —H or —C(O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl (e.g., acetyl). Inanother embodiment, R₁ is —H.

2. R₂:

In one embodiment, R₂ is as described above for Structural Formula (A).In another embodiment, R₂ is as described above for Structural Formula(I′).

Alternatively, each R₂ is —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)OR₅, —C(O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl,phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl. Theheteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl,pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl,indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, triazole and thiophenyl, theheterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tretrahydrafuran,tetrapyran, piperidine, pyrrolidinyl and pyrrolidinonyl. Each of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl,phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl and (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groupsrepresented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(O)R₅, —OH,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.

In another alternative, each R₂ is independently selected from the groupconsisting of —H, —F, —Br, —Cl, —I, —OH, —CN, cyclopropylethyl,5-propynyl-3-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-3-pyridyl, N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy,cyclopentoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropynyl,cyclopropylethynyl, 3-cyanophenyl, trifluoromethoxy, 2-chloro-4-pyridyl,1-methanesulfonyl-4-piperidinylmethyl, 1-acetyl-4-piperidinylmethyl,3-methanesulfonylphenyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methoxyethoxy,2-methyl-5-pyridazin-3-onyl, 1-cyclopropyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl,1-methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-thiazolyl,trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy, 3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl,N-methyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methoxyphenoxy,dimethylaminocabonyl, cyclopropyl, 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, difluoromethoxy,1,1-dihydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, 2-methoxy-4-pyridyl,2-methyl-5-thiazolyl, 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-2-yl, 5-thiazolyl,2-thiazolyl, thiophen-3-ylethynyl, 1-hydroxycyclopentan-1-ylethynyl,5-fluoro-3-pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl,3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl, phenylethynyl, cyclopentylethynyl, 2-pyrazinyl,3-chlorophenyl, 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enyl,3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3,5-dicyanophenyl,3-fluoro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl,3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3-chloro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 3-pyridyl,3-cyano-4-fluorophenyl, 3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl 6-methoxypyrazin-2-yl,6-indolyl, 3-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl,3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl,phenyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-methylpropyl,phenylethyl, 1-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, ethyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethoxy,1-methylethoxy, methoxycarbonyl, cyclopropyloxy, 5-cyano-3-pyridyl,4-(propyn-1-yl)-2-thiophenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiazolyl, ethenyl, ethynyl,4-methylpentyn-1-yl, dimethylaminopropyl, N-methylpyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl,2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethoxy, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, methoxy, methyl,carboxy, 5-propyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 2-oxazolyl,propylthio, phenylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, cyclobutylmethoxy,2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl, pyrrolidin-2-onyl, 3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl,cyclopropylethyl, 2-propyloxy, 4-cyano-2-thiophenyl, ethoxymethyl,4-methoxybenzyloxy, 1-methylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl,5-methyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methylpropyloxy and 2-chloro-4-pyridyl.

In one embodiment, each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H,-halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, and —C(═O)R₅; and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, phenoxy, andbenzyloxy, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selectedfrom the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.

In one embodiment, R₂ is —H, —Br, —F, —Cl or —CN.

In another embodiment, R₂ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl. In an alternative, R₂ is a(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substitutedwith —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.Alternatively, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with a(C₁-C₆)alkyl or a (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. In another alternative, R₂ is a(C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with a cyclopropyl. In yet anotheralternative, R₂ is cyclopropylethynyl. Alternatively, R₂ is a(C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is a phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅,—C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. Alternatively, R₂ is aphenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy. In anotheralternative, R₂ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃ and —OCF₃.

In another embodiment, R₂ is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and a heteroaryl group. Inan alternative, R₂ is a pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl,each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxyand (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is an indolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl,pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, cyclohexyl, or thiozolyl, each of which isoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. Alternatively, R₂ is anindolyl or pyridinyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy or halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Inanother alternative, R₂ is 2-pyridinyl or 6-indolyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is —OR₅, wherein R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl orphenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups isoptionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and —NR₆R₇. More specifically, R₆ and R₇ areeach independently selected from —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

3. R₃ and R₄

In one embodiment, R₃ and R₄ are as described above for StructuralFormula (A). In another embodiment, R₃ and R₄ are as described above forStructural Formula (I′)

Alternatively, R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl,or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R₃and R₄ are each independently —H, —F, —Cl, —Br or a (C₁-C₆)alkyl. Inanother embodiment, R₃ and R₄ are both —H.

In another embodiment, R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which theyare attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring,9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, whereinring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.

4. R₅:

In one embodiment, R₅ is as described above for Structural Formula (A).In another embodiment, R₅ is as described above for Structural Formula(I′)

Alternatively, R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇) cycloheteroalkyl, aryl,heteroaryl, or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —Cl,—Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In a anotheralternative, R₅ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. Alternatively, R₅ is methyl, ethyl, propyl,butyl, or trifluoromethyl.

In another embodiment, R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl andphenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the phenyl group in the groups representedby R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, ═O, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₅ is selected from the groupconsisting of —H, methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, 2-methylpropyl, cyclopentyl,—CHF₂, —CF₂CHF₂, —CH₂CF₃, —CF₃, cyclopropylmethyl,2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethyl, methoxyethyl, phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl,(1-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl))ethylcarbonyl, dimethylaminoethyl,cyclobutylmethyl, and 4-methoxybenzyl.

5. R₆ and R₇:

In one embodiment, R₆ and R₇ are as described above for StructuralFormula (A). In another embodiment, R₆ and R₇ are as described above forStructural Formula (I′)

Alternatively, R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In a alternative embodiment, R₆ and R₇ areeach independently —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another alternativeembodiment, R₆ and R₇ are both —H. Alternatively, R₆ is —H or(C₁-C₃)alkyl and R₇ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₆ is —H or methyl and R₇ is —H,methyl or —CH₂CF₃.

6. R₈ and R₉:

In one embodiment, R₈ and R₉ are as described above for StructuralFormula (A). In another embodiment, R₈ and R₉ are as described above forStructural Formula (I′).

Alternatively, R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they areattached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring Ais optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. In one embodiment, ringA is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxyand phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl,—Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.

Alternatively, when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which theyare attached, form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H,-halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroarylis optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. In an alternativeembodiment, R₈ and R₉ are both —H.

7. Ring A:

In one embodiment, ring A is as described above for Structural Formula(A). In another embodiment, ring A is as described above for StructuralFormula (I′)

Alternatively, ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14membered bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of—F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅,—C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S.Alternatively, the substituents are selected from the group consistingof —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl,wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl, —Br, —CN,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.

In another alternative embodiment, ring A is selected fromtetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane, cyclohexane,cyclohexene, cycloheptane, oxepane, 1,3-dioxane, piperidine,6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene,tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline,2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine, and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each ofwhich is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxyand phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl,—Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Alternatively, the substituents areselected from the group consisting of —F, —OMe, —OEt and -Ph.

In another embodiment, ring A is represented by the following StructuralFormula:

wherein:

R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅,—NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, whereineach of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH,—NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. Alternatively, R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Inanother alternative embodiment, R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently —H or—NR₆R₇, wherein R₆ and R₇ are each independently selected from the groupconsisting of —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another embodiment, ring A is represented by the following Structuralformula:

wherein:

R_(g) and R_(h), for each occurrence, are independently —H, -halogen,—CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl represented by R_(b) isoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the groupconsisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

x is an integer from 1 to 4; and

y is an integer from 1 to 6.

In one embodiment, for structural formula (C), each R_(g) isindependently selected from —H, Me and F and each R_(h) is independently—H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Alternatively, for structural formula (C), R_(g)is —H and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Inanother alternative embodiment, for structural formula (C), R_(g) andR_(h) are both —H.

8. R₁₁:

In one embodiment, R₁₁ is as described above for Structural Formula (A).Alternatively, R₁₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In anotheralternative embodiment, R₁₁ is —H. Alternatively, R₁₁ is —H or(C₁-C₃)alkyl (e.g., methyl).

9. R₁₂ and R₁₃:

In one embodiment, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are as described above for StructuralFormula (A).

Alternatively, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, ordi(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In a alternative embodiment, R₁₂ andR₁₃ are independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₃)alkyl, ordi(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₃)alkyl. Alternatively, R₁₂ and R₁₃ areindependently —H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, methoxyethyl,cyanoethyl, or dimethylaminoethyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached forms a pyrrolidine orpiperidine ring, optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsselected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another alternativeembodiment, R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached forms an unsubstituted pyrrolidine or piperidine ring.

10. R₁₄:

In one embodiment, R₁₄ is as described above for Structural Formula (I).

Alternatively, R₁₄ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative embodiment,R₁₄ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl orbenzyl. In yet another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is ethyl, propyl,cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, trifluoroethyl, or benzyl. Inanother alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is methyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is selected from the groupconsisting of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl and(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of—F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,—NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅—, —OH and —C(O)OR₅.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is selected from (C₁-C₃)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, whereineach of the group represented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with asubstituent selected from (C₁-C₃)alkyl, —CO₂H, —SO₂—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —CN,—OH and —(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and the (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl is selected fromoxepane, tetrahydrapyran and N—(C₁-C₃)alkylpiperidine.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is —H, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,wherein the heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl,pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl and thiophenyl and triazolyl,the (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydropyran, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl, and each of the(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groupsrepresented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁SO₂R₅, —OH, —COOR₅, —C(═O)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃ and thiazolyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄, when present, is selected fromthe group consisting of —H, methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl,benzyl, 2-pyridylmethyl, methoxyethyl, 1-methoxypropan-2-yl,N,N-dimethylaminoethyl, 4-cyanobenzyl, 2-cyanobenzyl, 3-cyanobenzyl,2-thiazolylethyl, 2-thiazolylmethyl, 6-quinoxalinylmethyl,1-phenylethyl, 2-propyl, tert-butyl, 3-dimethylaminobenzyl,3-methanesulfonamidobenzyl, 3-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-oxazolylmethyl,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-oxetanylmethyl, 2-ethylbutyl,5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 4-thiazolylmethyl,2,2-difluoroethyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranylmethyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl,4-fluorobenzyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 2-fluorobenzyl,4-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-tetrahydrafuranylmethyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylmethyl,3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxyethyl,cyclobutylmethyl, 4-tetrahydropyranylmethyl, 2-methylpropyl,phenylethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 1-methylpropyl, 5-pyrimidylmethyl,2-carboxyethyl, dimethylamino, 4-tetrahydropyranyl,1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-butyl, dimethylaminoethyl,1-(3-pyridazinyl)ethyl, 1-methoxy-2-propyl,(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl, (2-methoxy-2-phenyl)ethyl,(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl, (quinoxalin-2-yl)methyl, 1-phenylethyl,methanesulfonylaminoethyl, aminocarbonylethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl,3-methoxypropyl and (3-(2-thiazolyl))benzyl, carboxymethyl,1-methylethoxycarbonylmethyl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadizolyl, 4-pyridazinyl,5-methyl-2-oxazolylethyl, 2-hydroxyl-2-methylpropyl,2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl and 2-pyrazinylmethyl.

11. R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇ and R₁₈:

In one embodiment, R₁₅ is as described above for Structural Formula (A).Alternatively, R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁₅ is—H.

In one embodiment, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are as described above for StructuralFormula (I). Alternatively, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each independently —H or(C₁-C₃)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are both —H.

In one embodiment, R₁₈ is as described above for Structural Formula (I).Alternatively, R₁₈ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁₈ is—H.

12. X, W, Z, i, p, m and q:

In one embodiment, X is as described above for Structural Formula (A).Alternatively, X is —O—, —CH₂—C(R₃R₄)—, or —C(R₃R₄)—. In one embodiment,X is —O—. In another embodiment, X is —CH₂—CH₂—. In another embodiment,X is —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, W is as described above for Structural Formula (I).Alternatively, W is —N(R₁₄)—, —S—, —O—. In one embodiment, W is—N(CH₃)—.

In one embodiment, Z is as described above for Structural Formula (I).Alternatively, Z is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—,—C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═NR₁₅)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —N(R₁₈)—, —(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)— or—O—(CR₁₆R₁₇)—. In one embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, Zis —O—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)CH₂—.

i is 0, 1 or 2;

p is 1 or 2. In one embodiment, p is 1.

m is 1 or 2.

q is 1, 2 or 3.

In a 1^(st) embodiment, the compound of the present invention isrepresented by Structural Formula (II), (III) or (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Values and alternativevalues for Structural Formulas (II), (III) and (IV) are as describedabove for Structural Formula (I) or (I′).

In a 2^(nd) embodiment, the compound of the present invention isrepresented by Structural Formulas (V)-(XXV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Values or alternativevalues for the variables in Structural Formulas (V)-(XXV) are asdescribed above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′).

In a 3^(rd) embodiment, the compound of the present invention isrepresented by Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Values and alternativevalues for variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as describedabove for Structural Formula (I) or (I′).

In one embodiment, ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14membered bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting ofhalogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S.Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are asdescribed above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′). More specifically,the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen(e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl,wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl, —Br, —CN,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Even more specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In another embodiment, ring A is selected from tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cycloheptane,oxepane, 1,3-dioxane, piperidine,6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene,tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline,2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each ofwhich is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br),—CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionallysubstituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are asdescribed above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′). More specifically,the substituents are selected from the group consisting of —F, —OMe,—OEt and -Ph. Even more specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In a 4^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is —H,—Br, —F, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl orheteroaryl, each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,aryl and heteroaryl represented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of—F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅,—C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and a heteroaryl group. Values and alternativevalues for the remainder of the variables are as described above forStructural Formula (I) or (I′).

In a 5^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is —H,—Br, —F, —Cl or —CN. Values and alternative values for the remainder ofthe variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described abovein the 3^(rd) embodiment.

In a 6^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is(C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. Values andalternative values for the remainder of the variables in StructuralFormulas (Va)-(XXIIa) are as described above in the 3^(rd) embodiment.Alternatively, R₂ is a (C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In a 7^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is a(C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or—Br), (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkylwith halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. Values and values for the remainderof the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as describedabove in the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyloptionally substituted with a cyclopropyl. In another alternative, R₂ iscyclopropylethynyl.

In a 8^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is aphenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br),—CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. with halogen (e.g., —F,—Cl or —Br), (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. Values and alternative values for the remainder ofthe variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described abovein the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, R₂ is a phenyl optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy. In anotheralternative, R₂ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen(e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃ and —OCF₃.

In a 9^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is a 5-6membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F,—Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅,—C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. Values and values forthe remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are asdescribed above in the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, thesubstituents are independently selected from the group consisting ofhalogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl. In another alternative, R₂ is a pyridinyl,thiophenyl, pyrrolyl or pyrimidinyl, each optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting ofhalogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In a 10^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is anindolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, cyclohexyl, orthiozolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen(e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables inStructural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described above in the 3^(rd)embodiment. Alternatively, R₂ is an indolyl or pyridinyl optionallysubstituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy or halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative, R₂ is2-pyridinyl or 6-indolyl.

In a 11^(th) embodiment, the compound of the present invention isrepresented by the following Structural Formulas:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R₁₀ isindependently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, (C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the groups representedby R₁₀ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3. Values and alternativevalues for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas(Vb)-(XXVb) are as described above in Structural Formula (I) or (I′). Inone embodiment, s is 1 or 2. Alternatively, R₁₀ is independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy and —SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl;and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3. In another alternative, R₁₀ is independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; and s is 0, 1, 2or 3. In yet another alternative, R₁₀ is independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃, —OCF₃. Inanother alternative embodiment, R₁₀ is independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃, —OCF₃ and—SO₂CH₃.

In one embodiment, ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14membered bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting ofhalogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S.Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are asdescribed in the 11^(th) embodiment. More specifically, the substituentsare selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or—Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl isoptionally substituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Even more specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In another embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Vb)-(XXVb), ring A isselected from tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane,cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cycloheptane, oxepane, 1,3-dioxane,piperidine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene,2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline,2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine, and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each ofwhich is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br),—CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionallysubstituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are asdescribed in the 11^(th) embodiment. More specifically, the substituentsare selected from the group consisting of —F, —OMe, —OEt and -Ph. Evenmore specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In a 12^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by StructuralFormulas (A), (I), (I′), (II)-(XXV), (IIa)-(XXVa), (IIb)-(XXVb), ring Ais represented by the following structural formula:

wherein R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently selected from —H, halogen,—CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl andheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl andheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl,—NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxyand (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. The remainder of the variables are asdescribed above in the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th),7^(th), 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) or 11^(th) embodiment. Alternatively,R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative, R₁₉ and R₂₀ are eachindependently —H or —NR₆R₇, wherein R₆ and R₇ are each independentlyselected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In a 13^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by StructuralFormulas (A), (I), (I′), (II)-(XXV), (IIa)-(XXVa), (IIb)-(XXVb), ring Ais represented by the following structural formula:

wherein:

R_(g) and R_(h), for each occurrence, are independently —H, -halogen,—CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl represented by R_(b) isoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the groupconsisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

x is an integer from 1 to 4; and

y is an integer from 1 to 6.

The remainder of the variables are as described above in the 1^(st),2^(nd), 3^(rd), 4^(th), 6^(th), 7^(th), 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) or11^(th) embodiment. Alternatively, each R_(g) is independently selectedfrom —H, Me and F and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN,—NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, andhalo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Alternatively, each R_(g) is independently selectedfrom —H, Me and F and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN,—NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, andhalo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative embodiment, R_(g) is —H andeach R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In yet anotheralternative, R_(g) and R_(h) are both —H.

In a 14^(th) embodiment, the compounds of the present invention arerepresented by the following structural formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R₁₉ and R₂₀ areeach independently selected from —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein each ofthe (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl andheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl,—NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxyand (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and the remainder of the variables are asdescribed in the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th), 7^(th),8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) or 11^(th) embodiment.

In one embodiment, for compounds represented by Structural Formula (D)or (E):

each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of —H,halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl andheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl are optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl andheteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₂are each independently optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsselected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl and (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, eachoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅—,—OH and —C(O)OR₅; and

R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

In a 15^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by StructuralFormulas (I)-(XXV), (Va)-(XXVa) and (Vb)-(XXVb):

R₁ is —H or —C(═O)(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

for Structural Formulas (I)-(XXV) and (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is —H, halogen,—CN, —OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl,phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, whereinthe heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl,pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl,indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, triazole and thiophenyl, theheterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tretrahydrafuran,tetrapyran, piperidine, pyrrolidinyl and pyrrolidinonyl, and each of(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl,phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl and (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groupsrepresented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(O)R₅, —OH,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy; and

R₁₄, when present, is —H, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, phenyl,phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the heteroaryl isselected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl,thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl,quinolyl, quinoxalinyl and thiophenyl and triazolyl, the(C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydropyran, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl, and each of the(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groupsrepresented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁SO₂R₅, —OH, —COOR₅, —C(═O)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃ and thiazolyl; and

for Structural Formulas (Vb)-(XXVb), each R₁₀ is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy and —SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl;and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

The remainder of the variables are as described above in the 1^(st),2^(nd), 3^(rd), 11^(th), 12^(th) or 13^(th) embodiment.

In a 16^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by StructuralFormulas (I)-(XXV), (Va)-(XXVa) and (Vb)-(XXVb):

R₁ is —H or —C(═O)CH₃.

for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) each R₂ is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of —H, —F, —Br, —Cl, —I, —OH, —CN,cyclopropylethyl, 5-propynyl-3-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-3-pyridyl,N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy,3-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropynyl, cyclopropylethynyl, 3-cyanophenyl,trifluoromethoxy, 2-chloro-4-pyridyl,1-methanesulfonyl-4-piperidinylmethyl, 1-acetyl-4-piperidinylmethyl,3-methanesulfonylphenyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methoxyethoxy,2-methyl-5-pyridazin-3-onyl, 1-cyclopropyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl,1-methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-thiazolyl,trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy, 3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl,N-methyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methoxyphenoxy,dimethylaminocabonyl, cyclopropyl, 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl,pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, difluoromethoxy,1,1-dihydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, 2-methoxy-4-pyridyl,2-methyl-5-thiazolyl, 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-2-yl, 5-thiazolyl,2-thiazolyl, thiophen-3-ylethynyl, 1-hydroxycyclopentan-1-ylethynyl,5-fluoro-3-pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl,3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl, phenylethynyl, cyclopentylethynyl, 2-pyrazinyl,3-chlorophenyl, 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enyl,3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3,5-dicyanophenyl,3-fluoro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl,3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3-chloro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 3-pyridyl,3-cyano-4-fluorophenyl, 3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl 6-methoxypyrazin-2-yl,6-indolyl, 3-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl,3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl,phenyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-methylpropyl,phenylethyl, 1-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, ethyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethoxy,1-methylethoxy, methoxycarbonyl, cyclopropyloxy, 5-cyano-3-pyridyl,4-(propyn-1-yl)-2-thiophenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiazolyl, ethenyl, ethynyl,4-methylpentyn-1-yl, dimethylaminopropyl, N-methylpyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl,2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethoxy, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, methoxy, methyl,carboxy, 5-propyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 2-oxazolyl,propylthio, phenylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, cyclobutylmethoxy,2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl, pyrrolidin-2-onyl, 3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl,cyclopropylethyl, 2-propyloxy, 4-cyano-2-thiophenyl, ethoxymethyl,4-methoxybenzyloxy, 1-methylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl,5-methyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methylpropyloxy and 2-chloro-4-pyridyl; and

R₁₄, when present, is selected from the group consisting of —H, methyl,ethyl, 2-propyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, benzyl, 2-pyridylmethyl,methoxyethyl, 1-methoxypropan-2-yl, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl,4-cyanobenzyl, 2-cyanobenzyl, 3-cyanobenzyl, 2-thiazolylethyl,2-thiazolylmethyl, 6-quinoxalinylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-propyl,tert-butyl, 3-dimethylaminobenzyl, 3-methanesulfonamidobenzyl,3-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-oxazolylmethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy,2-oxetanylmethyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3-fluorobenzyl,4-thiazolylmethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranylmethyl,2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 2-fluorobenzyl,4-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-tetrahydrafuranylmethyl,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylmethyl,3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxyethyl,cyclobutylmethyl, 4-tetrahydropyranylmethyl, 2-methylpropyl,phenylethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 1-methylpropyl, 5-pyrimidylmethyl,2-carboxyethyl, dimethylamino, 4-tetrahydropyranyl,1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-butyl, dimethylaminoethyl,1-(3-pyridazinyl)ethyl, 1-methoxy-2-propyl,(4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl, (2-methoxy-2-phenyl)ethyl,(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl, (quinoxalin-2-yl)methyl, 1-phenylethyl,methanesulfonylaminoethyl, aminocarbonylethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl,3-methoxypropyl and (3-(2-thiazolyl))benzyl, carboxymethyl,1-methylethoxycarbonylmethyl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadizolyl, 4-pyridazinyl,5-methyl-2-oxazolylethyl, 2-hydroxyl-2-methylpropyl,2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl and 2-pyrazinylmethyl;

for Structural Formula (Vb)-(XXVb), each R₁₀ is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe,—CF₃, —OCF₃ and —SO₂CH₃.

The remainder of the variables are as described above in the 1^(st),2^(nd), 3^(rd), 11^(th), 12^(th) or 13^(th) embodiment.

In a 17^(th) embodiment, for compounds described in the 1^(st) to16^(th) embodiment:

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, whereinthe phenyl group in the groups represented by R₅ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, ═O, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₆ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₇ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₁₁ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₁₂ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; and

R₁₃ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkylor (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogenatom to which they are attached forms a pyrrolidine or piperidine ring.In a 18^(th) embodiment, for compounds described in the 1^(st) to16^(th) embodiments:

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H, methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl,2-methylpropyl, cyclopentyl, —CHF₂, —CF₂CHF₂, —CH₂CF₃, —CF₃,cyclopropylmethyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethyl, methoxyethyl, phenyl,3-methoxyphenyl, (1-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl))ethylcarbonyl,dimethylaminoethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, and 4-methoxybenzyl;

R₆ is —H or methyl,

R₇ is —H, methyl or —CH₂CF₃,

R₁₁ is —H or methyl,

R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H or methyl, or R₁₂ and R₁₃ togetherwith the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidinering.

GENERAL DEFINITIONS

Terms not specifically defined herein should be given the meanings thatwould be given to them by one of skill in the art in light of thedisclosure and the context. As used in the specification, however,unless specified to the contrary, the following terms have the meaningindicated and the following conventions are adhered to.

In the groups, radicals, or moieties defined below, the number of carbonatoms is often specified preceding the group. For example, (C₁-C₆)alkylmeans an alkyl group or radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In general,for groups comprising two or more subgroups, the last named subgroup isthe radical attachment point. For example, the substituent“aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl” means an aryl group which is bound to a (C₁-C₃)alkylgroup, the latter of which is bound to the core or to the group to whichthe substituent is attached.

When a compound of the present invention is depicted in form of achemical name and as a formula, in case of any discrepancy, the formulashall prevail.

When any variable (e.g. aryl, heterocyclyl, R¹, R² etc.) occurs morethan once in a compound, its definition on each occurrence isindependent of any other occurrence.

“Alkyl” means a saturated aliphatic branched or straight-chainmonovalent hydrocarbon radical having the specified number of carbonatoms. For example, “(C₁-C₆)alkyl” means a radical having from 1-6carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement. “(C₁-C₆)alkyl”includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl.

“Alkenyl” means branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbonradical containing at least one double bond and having specified numberof carbon atoms. Alkenyl may be mono or polyunsaturated, and may existin the E or Z onfiguration. For example, “(C₂-C₆)alkenyl” means aradical having from 2-6 carbon atoms in a linear or branchedarrangement.

“Alkynyl” means branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbonradical containing at least one triple bond and having specified numberof carbon atoms. For example, “(C₂-C₆)alkynyl” means a radical havingfrom 2-6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement.

“Cycloalkyl” means a saturated aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon radicalhaving the specified number of carbon atoms. It can be monocyclic,bicyclic, polycyclic (e.g., tricyclic), fused, bridged, or spiro. Forexample, monocyclic (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl means a radical having from 3-8carbon atoms arranged in a monocyclic ring. Monocyclic (C₃-C₈)cycloalkylincludes but is not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctane.

Monocyclic ring systems have a single ring structure. They includesaturated or unsaturated aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon rings or aromatichydrocarbon ring having the specified number of carbon atoms. Themonocyclic ring system can optionally contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms in thering structure and each heteroatom is independently selected from thegroup consisting O, N and S. When the heteroatom is a ring nitrogen atomconnected to other ring atoms only by single bonds, it can besubstituted. Exemplary substituents, unless otherwise indicated, include—H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of which can be optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom isS, it can be optionally mono- or di-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—).Examples of monocyclic ring system include, but are not limited to,monocyclic cycloalkyls (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctane), partially unsaturatedcycloalkyls; monocyclic heterocycloalkyls (e.g., azetidine, pyrrolidine,piperidine, piperazine, hexahydropyrimidine, tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydropyran, oxepane, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran,isoxazolidine, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dithiolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane,1,3-dithiane, 1,4-dithiane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine1,1-dioxide, tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine, tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine1,1-dioxide, and isothiazolidine 1,1-dioxide, tetrahydrothiophene1-oxide, tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide, thiomorpholine 1-oxide,thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide, tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine 1,1-dioxide, andisothiazolidine 1,1-dioxide, pyrrolidin-2-one, piperidin-2-one,piperazin-2-one, and morpholin-2-one); monocyclic aryls (e.g., phenyl)and monocyclic heteroaryls (see descriptions below).

Bicyclic ring systems have two rings that have at least one ring atom incommon. Bicyclic ring systems include fused, bridged and spiro ringsystems. The two rings can both be aliphatic (e.g., cycloalkyl orcycloheteroalkyl), both be aromatic (e.g., aryl or heteroaryl), or acombination thereof. The bicyclic ring systems can optionally contain 1to 3 heteroatoms in the ring structure and each heteroatom isindependently selected from the group consisting O, N and S. When theheteroatom is a ring nitrogen atom connected to other ring atoms only bysingle bonds, it can be substituted. Exemplary substituents, unlessotherwise indicated, include H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of whichcan be optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl,alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom is S, it can be optionally mono- ordi-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—).

A fused bicyclic ring system has two rings which have two adjacent ringatoms in common. The two rings can both be aliphatic (e.g., cycloalkylor cycloheteroalkyl), both be aromatic (e.g., aryl or heteroaryl), or acombination thereof. For example, the first ring can be monocycliccycloalkyl or moncyclic cycloheteroalkyl, and the second ring can acycloalkyl, partially unsaturated carbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl or amonocyclic cycloheteroalkyl. For example, the second ring can be a(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl andcyclohexyl. Alternatively, the second ring can be an aryl ring, e.g.,phenyl. Examples of fused bicyclic ring systems include, but not limitedto, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene,octahydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene,indoline, isoindoline, 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole,2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazole, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole,octahydrobenzo[d]oxazole, octahydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole,octahydrobenzo[d]thiazole, octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole,3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline and2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine.

A Spiro bicyclic ring system has two rings which have only one ring atomin common. The two rings can both be aliphatic (e.g., cycloalkyl orcycloheteroalkyl). For example, the first ring can be a monocycliccycloalkyl or a monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl and the second ring can be acycloalkyl, partially unsaturated carbocycle, or a monocycliccycloheteroalkyl. Examples of sprial bicyclic ring system include, butare not limited to, spiro[2.2]pentane, spiro[2.3]hexane,spiro[3.3]heptane, spiro[2.4]heptane, spiro[3.4]octane,spiro[2.5]octane, azaspiro[4.4]nonane, 7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane,azasprio[4.5]decane, 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane, azaspiro[5.5]undecane,3-azaspiro[5.5]undecane and 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane.

A bridged bicyclic ring system has two rings which have three or moreadjacent ring atoms in common. For example, the first ring can be amonocyclic cycloalkyl or a monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl and the otherring is a cycloalkyl, partially unsaturated carbocycle, or a monocycliccycloheteroalkyl. Examples of bridged bicyclic ring system include, butare not limited to, bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, bicyclo[1.2.0]pentane,bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane,bicyclo[4.2.0]octane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane,bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane,bicyclo[3.3.2]decane bicyclo[3.3.3]undecane, azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane,3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane,3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane andazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

Polycyclic ring systems have more than two rings (e.g., three ringsresulting in a tricyclic ring system) and adjacent rings having at leastone ring atom in common. Polycyclic ring systems include fused, bridgedand spiro ring systems. A fused polycyclic ring system has at least tworings that have two adjacent ring atoms in common. A spiro polycyclicring system has at least two rings that have only one ring atom incommon. A bridged polycyclic ring system has at least two rings thathave three or more adjacent ring atoms in common. Examples of polycyclicring system include, but not limited to, tricyclo[3.3.1.0^(3,7)]nonane(noradamantane) and tricyclo[3.3.1.1^(3,7)]decane (adamantane) and2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene

“Heterocycle” means a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic mono- orpolycyclic-ring systems containing one or more heteroatoms independentlyselected from N, O or S. When the heteroatom is N, unless otherwiseindicated, it can be substituted. Exemplary substituents include H,alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of which can be optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom isS, unless otherwise indicated, it can be optionally mono- ordi-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—). A heterocycle can be aheteroaryl ring or heterocycloalkyl ring.

“Cycloheteroalkyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” means a saturated or partiallysaturated 4-12 membered ring radical having specified number of ringcarbon atoms. The cycloheteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl contains 1 to 4ring heteroatoms, which may be the same or different, selected from N, Oor S. The cycloheteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring optionally containsone or more double bonds. It can be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic,fused, bridged, or spiro. For example, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl means aring radical containing 3-9 ring carbon atoms. The term“cycloheteroalkyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” is intended to include all thepossible isomeric forms. When the heteroatom is a ring nitrogen atomconnected to other ring atoms only by single bonds, it can besubstituted. Exemplary substituents, unless otherwise indicated, includeH, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of which can be optionally substituted withhalogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom isS, it can be optionally mono- or di-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—).

Haloalkyl and halocycloalkyl include mono, poly, and perhaloalkyl groupswhere the halogens are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine,and bromine.

“Heteroaryl”, “heteroaryl group”, “heteroaryl ring”, “heteroaromatic”,“heteroaromatic group” and “heteroaromatic ring” are usedinterchangeably herein. “Heteroaryl” means a monovalent heteroaromaticmonocyclic or polycylic ring radical. Monocyclic heteroaryl rings are 5-and 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic rings containing 1 to 4 heteroatomsindependently selected from N, O, and S, and include, but are notlimited to furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole,isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole,1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxide,1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, pyridine,pyridine-N-oxide, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, 1,2,4-triazine,1,3,5-triazine, and tetrazole. Bicyclic heteroaryl rings arebicyclo[4.4.0] and bicyclo[4,3.0] fused ring systems containing 1 to 4heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, and includeindolizine, indole, isoindole, benzo[b]furan, benzo[b]thiophene,indazole, benzimidazole, benzthiazole, purine, 4H-quinolizine,quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline,quinoxaline, 1,8-naphthyridine, and pteridine. “Alkoxy” means an alkylradical attached through an oxygen linking atom. “(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy”includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy.

“Aromatic”, “aromatic group”, “aromatic ring”, “aryl”, “aryl group” and“aryl ring” are used interchangeable herein.

“Aryl” means an aromatic monocyclic, or polycyclic hydrocarbon ringsystem. Aryl systems include, but limited to, phenyl, naphthalenyl,fluorenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, and anthracenyl.

“Hetero” refers to the replacement of at least one carbon atom member ina ring system with at least one heteroatom selected from N, S, and O. Ahetero ring may have 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atom members replaced by aheteroatom.

“Halogen” used herein refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

“Carbocycle” means 3-14 membered saturated or unsaturated aliphaticcyclic hydrocarbon ring.

“Cycloalkene” an unsaturated and non-aromatic aliphatic cyclichydrocarbon radical having the specified number of carbon atoms. It canbe monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, fused, bridged, or spiro. Thus,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkene means a radical having from 3-8 carbon atoms arrangedin a ring. (C₃-C₈)cycloalkene includes cyclobutene, cyclopentene,cyclohexene, cycloheptene and cyclooctene.

The compounds of the invention may be present in the form ofpharmaceutically acceptable salts. For use in medicines, the salts ofthe compounds of the invention refer to non-toxic “pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts.” The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employedherein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/ordosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment,suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animalswithout excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or otherproblem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/riskratio.

As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer to derivativesof the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified bymaking acid or base salts thereof. Pharmaceutically acceptable saltforms include pharmaceutically acceptable acidic/anionic orbasic/cationic salts. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable saltsinclude, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basicresidues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues suchas carboxylic acids; and the like.

For example, such salts include, the acetate, ascorbate,benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bezylate, bicarbonate, bitartrate, bromide,calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate,dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, ethane disulfonate, estolate,esylate, fumarate, glyceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycolate,glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide,hydrochloride, hydroxymaleate, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate,lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, mandelate, methanesulfonate,mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate,napsylate, nitrate, oxalate, pamoate, pantothenate, phenylacetate,phosphate/diphospate, polygalacturonate, propionate, salicylate,stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfamide, sulfate, tannate, tartrate,teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide, ammonium, benzathine, chloroprocaine,colline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine and procaine salts.Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed with cationsfrom metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium,sodium, zinc and the like. (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Birge, S. M.et al., J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1-19).

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can besynthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidicmoiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can beprepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds witha sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in anorganic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, oracetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.

Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example areuseful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention(e.g. trifluoro acetate salts) also comprise a part of the invention.

The compounds of the invention may be prepared as individual isomers byeither isomer-specific synthesis or resolved from an isomeric mixture.Conventional resolution techniques include forming the salt of a freebase of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active acid(followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the freebase), forming the salt of the acid form of each isomer of an isomericpair using an optically active amine (followed by fractionalcrystallization and regeneration of the free acid), forming an ester oramide of each of the isomers of an isomeric pair using an optically pureacid, amine or alcohol (followed by chromatographic separation andremoval of the chiral auxiliary), or resolving an isomeric mixture ofeither a starting material or a final product using various well knownchromatographic methods.

When the stereochemistry of a disclosed compound is named or depicted bystructure, the named or depicted stereoisomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%,90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight pure relative to the other stereoisomers.When a single enantiomer is named or depicted by structure, the depictedor named enantiomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% byweight optically pure. Percent optical purity by weight is the ratio ofthe weight of the enantiomer over the weight of the enantiomer plus theweight of its optical isomer.

When a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure withoutindicating the stereochemistry, and the compound has at least one chiralcenter, it is to be understood that the name or structure encompassesone enantiomer of the compound free from the corresponding opticalisomer, a racemic mixture of the compound and mixtures enriched in oneenantiomer relative to its corresponding optical isomer.

When a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure withoutindicating the stereochemistry and has at least two chiral centers, itis to be understood that the name or structure encompasses adiastereomer free of other diastereomers, a pair of diastereomers freefrom other diastereomeric pairs, mixtures of diastereomers, mixtures ofdiastereomeric pairs, mixtures of diastereomers in which onediastereomer is enriched relative to the other diastereomer(s) andmixtures of diastereomeric pairs in which one diastereomeric pair isenriched relative to the other diastereomeric pair(s).

When compounds having one or more stereocenters and are depicted withparticular stereochemistry for at least one stereocenter, the presentinvention also include compounds that have the opposite stereochemistryat the corresponding stereocenter(s) and compounds that has no specificstereochemistry at the corresponding stereocenter(s).

The disclosed compounds of the invention are BACE inhibitors fortreating, preventing or ameliorating disorders or diseases characterizedby elevated β-amyloid deposits or β-amyloid levels in a subject. Thepresent invention also provides a method for the treatment of a disorderrelated to or associated with excessive BACE activity in a patient inneed thereof which comprises administering to said patient an effectiveamount of a disclosed compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof. The present invention also provides methods for inhibiting theactivity of BACE in a subject in need thereof, comprising administeringto a subject and/or contacting a receptor thereof with an effectiveamount of at least one disclosed compound or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof. The present invention also provides methods ofameliorating β-amyloid deposits in a subject in need thereof, comprisingadministering to said subject an effective amount of at least onedisclosed compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

As such, the disclosed BACE inhibitors can be used to treatneurodegenerative disorders, disorders characterized by cognitivedecline, cognitive impairment, dementia and diseases characterized byproduction of β-amyloid deposits or neurofibrillary tangles.

Exemplary diseases or disorders that can be treated by the disclosedBACE inhibitors include Alzheimer's disease, Trisomy 21 (Down'sSyndrome), Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of theDutch-typle (HCHWA-D), senile dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy,degenerative dementia, dementias of mixed vascular and degenerativeorigin, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, dementiaassociated with progressive supranuclear palsy and dementia associatedwith cortical basal degeneration, diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer'sdisease and glaucoma.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a compound describedherein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a medicament.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to methods forthe treatment or prevention of above-mentioned diseases and conditions,which method comprises the administration of an effective amount of acompound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention includes a therapeutic method for treating or amelioratingan BACE mediated disorder in a subject in need thereof comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompound of Formula I or any other formulas of the invention describedherein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or compositionthereof.

Administration methods include administering an effective amount (i.e.,an effective amount) of a compound or composition of the invention atdifferent times during the course of therapy or concurrently in acombination form. The methods of the invention include all knowntherapeutic treatment regimens.

As used herein, the term “subject” and “patient” may be usedinterchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g.,companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g.,cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and laboratory animals(e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs and the like). Typically, the subject isa human in need of treatment.

As used herein, the term “treating” or “treatment” refers to obtainingdesired pharmacological and/or physiological effect. The effect can beprophylactic or therapeutic, which includes achieving, partially orsubstantially, one or more of the following results: partially ortotally reducing the extent of the disease, disorder or syndrome;ameliorating or improving a clinical symptom or indicator associatedwith the disorder; delaying, inhibiting or decreasing the likelihood ofthe progression of the disease, disorder or syndrome; or partially ortotally delaying, inhibiting or reducing the likelihood of the onset ordevelopment of disease, disorder or syndrome.

“Effective amount” means that amount of active compound agent thatelicits the desired biological response in a subject. Such responseincludes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or disorder beingtreated. The effective amount of a compound of the invention in such atherapeutic method is from about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 1000 mg/kg/day,from about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means compounds and compositionsthat are of sufficient purity and quality for use in the formulation ofa composition of the invention and that, when appropriately administeredto an animal or human, do not produce an adverse reaction.

In one embodiment, the present invention includes combination therapyfor treating or ameliorating a disease or a disorder described herein.The combination therapy comprises administering a combination of atleast one compound represented by structural formula (A), (I) or (I′)with another compound selected from the group of, for example,gamma-secretase inhibitors; amyloid aggregation inhibitors (e.g.ELND-005); directly or indirectly acting neuroprotective and/ordisease-modifying substances; anti-oxidants (e.g. vitamin E orginkolide); anti-inflammatory substances (e.g. Cox inhibitors, NSAIDsadditionally or exclusively having Abeta lowering properties); HMG-CoAreductase inhibitors (statins); acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g.,donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, galantamine, memantine; tacrine); NMDAreceptor antagonists (e.g. memantine); AMPA receptor agonists; AMPAreceptor positive modulators, AMPkines, monoamine receptor reuptakeinhibitors, substances modulating the concentration or release ofneurotransmitters; substances inducing the secretion of growth hormone(e.g., ibutamoren mesylate and capromorelin); CB-1 receptor antagonistsor inverse agonists; antibiotics (e.g., minocyclin or rifampicin); PDE2,PDE4, PDE5, PDE9, PDE10 inhibitors, GABAA receptor inverse agonists,GABAA receptor antagonists, nicotinic receptor agonists or partialagonists or positive modulators, alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonistsor partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha7 nicotinic receptoragonists or partial agonists or positive modulators; histamine H3antagonists, 5 HT-4 agonists or partial agonists, 5HT-6 antagonists,alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, calcium antagonists, muscarinicreceptor Ml agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators,muscarinic receptor M2 antagonists, muscarinic receptor M4 antagonists,metabotropic glutamate-receptor 5 positive modulators, antidepressants,such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and trazodone;anxiolytics, such as lorazepam and oxazepam; antiphychotics, such asaripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine,risperidone and ziprasidone, and other substances that modulatereceptors or enzymes in a manner such that the efficacy and/or safety ofthe compounds according to the invention is increased and/or unwantedside effects are reduced. The compounds according to the invention mayalso be used in combination with immunotherapies (e.g., activeimmunisation with Abeta or parts thereof or passive immunisation withhumanised anti-Abeta antibodies or nanobodies) for the treatment of theabove-mentioned diseases and conditions.

Combination therapy includes co-administration of the compound of theinvention and said other agent, sequential administration of thecompound and the other agent, administration of a composition containingthe compound and the other agent, or simultaneous administration ofseparate compositions containing of the compound and the other agent.

Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula will beapparent to those with ordinary skill in the art and include for exampletablets, pills, capsules, suppositories, lozenges, troches, solutions,syrups, elixirs, sachets, injectables, inhalatives and powders etc. Thecontent of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in therange from 0.005 to 10% wt.-% of the composition as a whole.

The dosage form containing the composition of the invention contains aneffective amount of the active ingredient necessary to provide atherapeutic effect. The composition may contain from about 5,000 mg toabout 0.5 mg (preferably, from about 1,000 mg to about 0.5 mg) of acompound of the invention or salt form thereof and may be constitutedinto any form suitable for the selected mode of administration.

Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing one or morecompounds according to formula I with known excipients, for exampleinert diluents, carriers, disintegrants, adjuvants, surfactants, bindersand/or lubricants. The tablets may also consist of several layers.

Methods of Preparation

The compounds of the present invention can be readily prepared accordingto the following reaction schemes and examples, or modificationsthereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents andconventional synthesis procedures. Many of the reactions can also becarried out under microwave conditions or using conventional heating orutilizing other technologies such as solid phase reagents/scavengers orflow chemistry. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use ofvariants which are themselves known to those of ordinary skill in thisart, but are not mentioned in greater detail. Furthermore, other methodsfor preparing compounds of the invention will be readily apparent to aperson of ordinary skill in the art in light of the following reactionschemes and examples. Unless otherwise indicated, all variables are asdefined below. The abbreviations used in these experimental details arelisted below and additional ones should be known to a person skilled inthe art of synthesis. In addition one can refer to the followingreferences for suitable methods of synthesis as described in March,Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985 orGreene and Wuts Protective groups in organic synthesis 2^(nd) edition,John Wiley & sons 1991 and as in Richard Larock, comprehensive organictransformations, 4^(th) edition, VCH publishers Inc, 1989.

The above shown intermediate can be synthesized by the following methodsor by any other methods not detailed here by anyone who is well versedin the art of synthesis.

Method 1. Starting with the appropriate ketone one can sequentiallyalkylate with alkyl halides, triflates and mesylates utilizing basessuch as LDA, NaH in various solvents such as THF, DME etc attemperatures varying from −78° C. to 50° C. Each alkylation can becarried out in a sequential fashion with each intermediate beingisolated and purified or in one pot in a stepwise fashion. In the eventthe final product from the above reactions yields a substituent on thealkyl group such as an olefin, sulfone, cyano etc, they can be furthermanipulated by Dieckman cyclization, RCM or other known reaction such ascycloaddition, nuecleophilic substitution etc. to yield highlyfunctionalized spirocyclic intermediates.

Method 2 represents a specific method for the synthesis of spirocycliccompounds through the Diels Alder reaction or through othercycloaddition reaction such as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The first stepinvolves condensation of ketone with formaldehyde, aldehydes and ketonesin presence of any protic acid or boronic acid in solvents such asbenzene or toluene at temperatures varying from room temperature to 80°C. The dienophile (or enone) intermediate then can be reacted withvarious dienes utilizing the Diels-Alder reaction. This reaction can becarried out neat or in presence of non-protic solvents such as benzene,THF in a sealed tube at temperature 30-220° C. In addition one canutilize Lewis acids or any other agents that may assist in the reactionto yield pure enantiomers or diastereomers. The resulting spirocycliccyclohexyl product may optionally contain one or more alkyl/arylsubstituent or functional groups such as a ketone aldehyde, cyano etc.These functional groups can be further elaborated by known functionalgroup transformations. For example the reaction of the dienophile withthe Danishefsky diene in refluxing solvents such as benzene or tolueneunder nitrogen atmosphere yields spirocyclohexanone. Thespirocyclohexanone can be further elaborated by reactions such asreduction with hydrides like NaBH4, LAH, DiBAL etc. to yield an alcohol.This alcohol can be further alkylated with various alkyl groups byemploying base such as NaH or LiHMDS in solvents such as DMF, THF etc.at room temperature to yield spirocyclic alkyl ethers. The alcohol canalso be reacted with aryl/heteroarylhalides in the presence of palladiumor copper catalyst along with appropriate bases such as Cs₂CO₃ to yieldaryl ethers.

Alternatively the ketone functional group can be further modified byknown procedures in literature to yield heterocycles or other bicyclicring systems. In addition the dienophile intermediate can also bereacted with 1,3 ylides to yield 5-membered spirocyclic heterocycles orcarbocyles. The utility of these cycloaddition reaction are welldocumented in literature and are exemplified in these references:Synthesis of heterocycles via cycloadditions, Volume 1 By AlfredHassner, Topic in heterocyclic chemistry volume 12, 1^(st) edition,springer, 2008 and Cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis;Kobayashi and Jorgensen, 1^(st) edition, Wiley-VCH, 2002

In method 3, starting with alkyl or cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylderivatives containing electron withdrawing groups such as cyano oresters, the alkyl/cycloalkyl/heterocycloalkyl groups can be alklylatedwith optionally substituted ortho-halo benzyl bromides or chloridesutilizing base such as LDA, NaH, or LiHMDS in solvents such as benzene,THF etc. at temperatures ranging from −78° C. to 80° C. The alkylatedintermediate can be isolated and further subjected to base such asn-BuLi or LDA in aprotic solvents such as THF, Hexane etc. to effectring cyclization towards the final intermediate A. Alternatively one canalso utilize transition metal based chemistry such as Pd/Cu or Rhcontaining chelating agents such as phosphine derivatives or amines insolvents such as DMF, DMA, THF and toluene in presence of base (TEA, orK₂CO₃) at temperatures varying from room temperature to 80° C. In theevent where the final product from the above reactions yieldssubstituent on the alkyl group such as olefins or sulfones, cyano etc,they can be further manipulated by Dieckman cyclization, RCM or otherknown reactions such as cycloaddition, nucleophilic substitution etc toyield highly functionalized spiro cyclic intermediates.

Method 4 represents a one pot reaction towards the synthesis ofspirocyclic ketone intermediate A. Starting with appropriate ketone onecan utilize alkylation chemistry of internally tethered bis alkylhalides/triflates or mesylates in presence of base such as LDA, LiHMDSand in aprotic solvents such as THF, dioxane, ether etc. at temperaturevarying from 0° C. to 80° C. to yield spirocyclic intermediate A.

Alternatively ketones can be reacted with acrylates in presence of basesuch as KOtBu and solvents such as tert-butanol with subsequentdecarboxylation of 13-keto ester to yield spirocyclic ketoneintermediate A.

Scheme 2: Synthesis of Monocyclic Heterocyclic Amines

The ketone intermediate A can be further functionalized and cyclized toyield various monocyclic heterocycles as described in “ComprehensiveHeterocyclic Chemistry: The Structure, Reactions, Synthesis and Uses ofHeterocyclic Compounds: The Structure, Reactions, Synthesis and Uses ofHeterocyclic Compounds” by Katritzky and Rees, Wiley and sons, 3^(rd)edition 1991, or as described in Heterocyclic Chemistry by Joule KeithMills, 5^(th) edition by Wiley. Alternatively the methods outlined in WO2008/103351 can also be utilized in the synthesis of various monocyclicheterocycles. Representative examples of some monocyclic aminoheterocycles are shown below.

The ketone intermediate is condensed with bis trimethylsilyl carbodimidein presence of Lewis acids such as titanium isoporpoxide in solventssuch as DCM or THF at room temperature to yield the N-cyanoimineproduct. The imine is subsequently condensed with hydroxylaminederivative in presence of base such as sodium methoxide in proticsolvent such as methanol, t-Butanol etc. at room temperature to yieldthe desired 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-amine heterocycle.

Scheme 2b. Synthesis of 2-amino-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1 Error! ObjectsCannot be Created from Editing Field Codes

The N-cyano intermediate as described in scheme 2a is reacted withammonium carbonate and KCN in protic solvent mixture such asethanol/water and heated to 50-150° C. in a sealed tube overnight. Theresulting hydantoin can be alkylated with various alkylating agents inthe presence of inorganic bases such as Cs₂CO₃ or K₂CO₃ or organic basessuch as TEA or DBU in various solvents such as ethanol, DMF or dioxaneat temperatures ranging from room temperature to 120° C. The resultingalkylated product is reacted with thionating reagents such as Lawesson'sreagent or P₂S₅ in a solvent such as THF, Dioxane, toluene etc. attemperatures ranging from 50-150° C. The thioimide is then converted toa 2-amino imidazalinone by reacting with tert butyl hydroperoxide inpresence of ammonia or alkylamines.

Alternatively the synthesis of 2-amino imidazolinone can be realizedfrom the hydantoin by converting it to a thioimide, followed bybis-alkylation of the thioamide and imide functions in a one potprocedure. Such a bis-alkylated reagent can be reacted with ammoniumhydroxide and ammonium iodide in various solvents such as DMF, ethanol,dioxane etc. at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 150° C. ina sealed tube to yield 2-amino-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one. Similar procedurecan also be employed starting with ketone intermediate A.

The intermediate ketone A can be condensed with t-butyl sulfonylamine orany other amine such as a-methylbenzylamine under dehydrating conditionsas exemplified by use of titanium alkoxide reagents or under a DeanStark apparatus. The imine is reacted with various nucleophiles asillustrated by lithiated ethylacetate. The deprotection of t-butylsulfonamide is achieved by reacting with acids such as HCl in proticsolvents such as methanol etc. The amino ester intermediate product isthen condensed with thiophosgene or its equivalent reagent to convertthe amino ester to the thioisocyanate ester. Condensation ofthioisocyanate intermediate with various primary/secondary aminesyielded thiodihydropyrimidinone. The thiodihydropyrimidnone can beconverted to 2-amino dihydropyrimidinone by utilizing methods asdescribed in method 2b.

The imine intermediate form above example can also be reacted withcarbon neucleophiles such as allylmagnesium bromide to yieldsulfonamide. The olefin is subsequently oxidized to aldehyde byozonolysis or any of its equivalent protocol. The alcohol is obtainedfrom the reaction of aldehyde with reducing agents such as sodiumborohydride or utilizing Grignard reagents to yield primary or secondaryalcohols. The resulting amino alcohol can be reacted with cyanogenbromide in protic solvents at room temperature to yield5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazin-2-amine derivatives.

The ketone intermediate A can be converted to an olefin by utilizing theWittig reaction or any derivation thereof or by other known literaturemethods. The olefin is hydroborated with borane or equivalent thereof inaprotic solvents such as THF, DCM, diethyl ether etc. at roomtemperature. The alcohol is condensed with sulfamoyl chloride inpresence of base such as NMM, TEA in solvents such as DCM at roomtemperature. The cyclization of the methylsulfamate can be affected byrhodium catalyst in presence of oxidizing agent such asphenyliodoacetate in solvents such as toluene, acetonitrile,dichloromethane at room temperature to refluxing temperature of thesolvent. The cyclic sulfamate is then activated towards neuclophillicattack by reacting with chloroformates followed by addition of anucleophile such as alkoxide as illustrated by bocprotected-N-substituted hydroxylamine. The protecting group such ast-butyl carbamate can be removed and the resulting amino alcoholcondensed with cyanogen bromide in solvents such as ethanol to yield2,4-oxadiazin-3-amine or 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-amineheterocycles.

The ketone intermediate A is reacted with a vinyl magnesium derivativeor substituted vinyl lithium at room temperature in solvents such asTHF, ether, toluene or in hexane to yield a vinylic alcohol. The vinylicalcohol undergoes electrophilic substitution under acidic conditions(such as AcOH/1M HCl or MeSO₃H) in presence of thiourea to yield avinylogous thiourea derivative. This intermediate can be cyclized to 1,3thiazine-2-amine when exposed to strong acidic conditions as inTFA/MeSO₃H at room temperature overnight.

The monoheterocyclic intermediate A containing halogens on the benzenering can be further elaborated by known organic transformations such asSuzuki couplings of boronates or trifluorborates or with pinacolboronates using various palladium catalyst such as Pd[P(Ph₃)₃] orPd(dppf)₂Cl₂ or any such similar catalyst in presence of inorganic basessuch as K₂CO₃, CsCO₃ in variety of solvents either as single solvent oras combination comprising of Toluene, DMF, Ethanol, water etc. attemperature ranging from 50-100° C. One can utilize copper mediatedSonogashira coupling to introduce alkyne substituent's on the scaffold.Alternatively one can utilize additional transition metal chemistry tointroduce alkyne, alkenes, aryls, heterocycles and additional functionalgroups. Number of such chemical transformations are exemplified infollowing references: Transition Metals for Organic Synthesis: BuildingBlocks and Fine Chemicals, by Beller and Bolm, 2^(nd) Edition byWiley-VCH, 2002 and in Modern Arylation Methods by Lutz Ackermann,1^(st) edition, 2009.

For example, the amino heterocycle of the bromo intermediate isprotected as its Boc derivative utilizing Boc anhydride in solvents suchas THF, DCM at room temperature. This allows conversion of the bromo tothe corresponding pinacolboronate derivative as described in literature.Peroxide oxidation of the pinacolboronate to yield the alcohol is thenan available option. The alcohol can be further alkylated with variousalkyl/cycloalkyl/heteroalkyl halides in presence of bases such asCs₂CO₃, KOtBu or TEA in solvents such as DMF or dioxane. In addition thealcohol can be arylated under variety of coupling conditions to yieldaryl/heteroaryl ethers. The Boc group is further deprotected to yieldfinal compound.

Exemplary reagents and reaction conditions are described in Example410G.

Suitable reagents and reaction conditions for Grignard reaction can beused for the reaction depicted in Scheme. Exemplary reagents andreaction conditions are described in Example 4101.

In cases where the synthetic intermediates and final products of Formula(A), (I′) or (I) described below contain potentially reactive functionalgroups, for example amino, hydroxy, thiol and carboxylic acid groups,that may interfere with the desired reaction, it may be advantageous toemploy protected forms of the intermediate. Methods for the selection,introduction and subsequent removal of protecting groups are well knownto those skilled in the art. (T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts “ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1999).Such protecting group manipulations are assumed in the discussion belowand not usually described explicitly. Generally, reagents in thereaction schemes are used in equimolar amounts; however, in certaincases it may be desirable to use an excess of one reagent to drive areaction to completion. This is especially the case when the excessreagent can be readily removed by evaporation or extraction. Basesemployed to neutralize HCl in reaction mixtures are generally used inslight to substantial excess (1.05-5 equivalents).

Abbreviation Meaning AcCl acetyl chloride ACN or CH₃CN acetonitrileAlCl₃ aluminum chloride Ar argon B₂H₆ diborane Boc tert-butoxy carbonylor t-butoxy carbonyl borax sodium borate brine saturated aqueous NaCl CHcyclohexane CH₂N₂ carbodiimide Cs₂CO₃ cesium carbonate CuBr—SMe₂ cuprousbromide methylsulfide complex CuI cuprous iodide d days DCM or CH₂Cl₂methylene chloride DEA diethylamine DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminum hydrideDMAP 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine EtI ethyl iodide Et ethyl Et₂O ethylether EtOAc or EA ethyl acetate EtOH ethanol Et₃O⁺BF₄ ⁻ triethyloxoniumtetrafluoroborate h or hr hour HCl hydrochloric acid H₂O water H₂O₂hydrogen peroxide HCONH₂ formamide HMPA hexamethylphosphoric triamideHOAc or AcOH acetic acid HPLC high performance liquid chromatographyHPLC-MS High performance liquid chromatography with mass detection K₂CO₃potassium carbonate KCN potassium cyanide LAH LiAlH₄ = lithium aluminiumhydride Lawesson's reagent 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide LC-MS Liquid chromatography with massdetection LDA lithium diisopropylamide min minute MeOH methanol MeImethyl iodide Me methyl MeNHOH methylhydroxylamine MPLC Medium pressureliquid chromatography MTBA 4-(methylthio)benzoic acid Me₂S methylsulfide NaOH sodium hydroxid NaOMe sodium methoxide Na₂S₂O₃ sodiumthiosulfate Na₂SO₄ sodium sulfate NHMDS Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amideNH₄OH ammonium hydroxide (NH₄)₂CO₃ ammonium carbonate NH₄I ammoniumiodide Na₂CO₃ sodium carbonate NaHCO₃ sodium bicarbonate NaH sodiumhydride PdCl₂dppf [1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) Pd(OH)₂ palladium hydroxide Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) dichloride Pd(PPh₃)₄tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) PrBr propyl bromide PBr₃phosphorous tribromide PCC pyridinium chlorochromate PE petroleum etherPPA polyphosphoric acid PPh₃ triphenyl phosphine RF heated to reflux RtRetention time RT or r.t. room temperature Selectfluor ™1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4- diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octanebis(tetrafluoroborate) SOCl₂ thionyl chloride TEA triethylamine TFAtrifluoroacetic acid THF tetrahydrofuran TLC thin layer chromatographyTiCl₄ titanium chloride TMSCl trimethylsilyl chloride Triton BBenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxinde in water

Compounds of the invention can be prepared employing conventionalmethods that utilize readily available reagents and starting materials.The reagents used in the preparation of the compounds of this inventioncan be either commercially obtained or can be prepared by standardprocedures described in the literature. Representative compounds of thepresent invention can be prepared using the following synthetic schemes.

Synthetic Methods EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,2′-tetrahydronaphthalene]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile(Compound 45)

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol

To a solution of 2-(carboxymethyl)benzoic acid (9 g, 0.05 mol) in THF(200 mL) was added to LAH in THF (250 mL) dropwise, the mixture wasrefluxed for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled in ice bath and carefullyadded water dropwise, followed by 50% NaOH (150 mL), then removed theice bath and added water slowly with stirring until the gray precipitateturns white. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentratedto give crude 2-(2-(hdroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (6 g, 80%).

Step 2. 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-2-(bromomethyl)benzene

To a solution of 2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (2.6 g, 17 mmol),perbromo methane (13.7 g, 41.8 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was addedtriphenylphosphine (10.95 g, 41.8 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated,redissolved by Et₂O, filtered, the organic layer was concentrated togive crude 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(bromomethyl)benzene (4.2 g, 89%). ¹H-NMR(CD₃OD): 3.69 (m, 2H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 4.97 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.77 (m, 4H).

Step 3. Diethyl 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonate

To a solution of CH₃CH₂OH (240 mL) was added Na (5.82 g, 0.25 mol), themixture was stirred until Na was disappeared, then1-bromo-4-bromomethyl-benzenein (37.35 g, 0.15 mol), malonic aciddiethyl ester (78 g, 0.49 mol) was added slowly, the mixture wasrefluxed overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue wasdissolved with H₂O, extracted with ether, the organic layer was washedwith 0.5N HCl aqueous, then washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated to give diethyl 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonate (40 g, 85%).

Step 4. 2-(4-Bromobenzyl)malonic acid

Diethyl 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonate (40 g, 13 mmol) and KOH (42.8 g, 76mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of HOAc-H₂O-THF (1:2:3, 200 mL), themixture was refluxed for 12 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo, theresidue was added HCl aqueous, then extracted with EtOAc, washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonicacid (31 g, 95%).

Step 5. 3-(4-Bromophenyl)propanoic acid

2-(4-Bromophenyl)malonic acid (36 g, 11 mmol) was heated at 165° C.until evolution of CO₂. the production was crystallized from petrolether to give 2-(4-bromophenyl)acetic acid (26 g, 87%).

Step 6. 6-Bromo-indan-1-one

A mixture of 3-(4-bromophenyl)propanoic acid (26 g, 12 mmol) in SOCl₂(50 mL) was refluxed overnight, the mixture was concentrated, then addedto AlCl₃ (80 g, 61 mmol) in DCM (100 mL), the mixture was stirred atroom temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with HCl aqueous,extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentratedto give 6-bromo-indan-1-one (12 g, 48%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): 2.65 (m, 2H),3.06 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H).

Step 7.6-Bromo-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (3.57 g, 17 mmol),1-(2-bromo-ethyl)-2-bromomethyl-benzene (4.7 g, 17 mmol) in THF (50 mL)was added NaH (816 mg, 34 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture wasrefluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated,then extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated to6-bromo-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (1.8g, 33%).

Step 8.3-(1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile

6-Bromo-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (163mg, 0.5 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (147 g, 1 mmol) in[1,4]-dioxane (12 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 3.2 mL), then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg,0.01 mmol) was added under Ar₂, the mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes.The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by TLC to give3-(1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile(35 mg, 6%).

Step 9.(Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile(35 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (76 mg, 0.4 mmol)dropwise, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 5minutes, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (74 mg, 0.4mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. at Ar₂ undermicrowave for 10 minutes and poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueouslayer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, which was combined with the organiclayer. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give crude(Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(50 mg, 93%).

Step 10. Compound 45

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (11. mg, 0.134mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (0.026 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH),followed by(Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(50 mg, 0.13 mmol). After stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC togive the title compound as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.05(m, 1H), 7.99 (m, 2H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.66 (m, 1H),7.43 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.07 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H); MS ESI+ve m/z 421 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile(compound 51)

Step 1: Preparation of6-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-1(3H)-one

To a solution of 6-bromo-1-indanone (1.033 g, 4.89 mmol) in anhydrousTHF (100 mL) under N₂ atmosphere at room temperature was added asolution of tBuOK in tBuOH (1 M, 10.3 mL, 10.3 mmol) within 30 min (thecolor turned to deep black upon a drop of tBuOK solution was added),followed by 1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane (1.134 g, 0.62 mL, 4.89mmol). The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, andextracted with ether two times. The combined organic phases were washedwith H₂O, brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, andconcentrated to give black tar. It was purified by flash chromatographyon silica gel yield 300 mg of the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 281(M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of3-(1-oxo-1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-6-yl)benzonitrile

To a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was charged with Cs₂CO₃ (232 mg,0.712 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (20 mg, 0.028 mmol),6-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-1(3H)-one (100mg, 0.356 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (78 mg, 0.534 mmol), dioxane(4 mL) and H₂O (0.4 mL), the system was swept with N₂ and capped, andheated in a CEM microwave reactor at 100° C. for 10 min. The reactionmixture was diluted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA in hexane (0-30%) togive 42 mg of3-(1-oxo-1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-6-yl)benzonitrile.MS ESI+ve m/z 304 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Preparation ofN-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(1-oxo-1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-6-yl)benzonitrile(42 mg, 0.139 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) under N₂ atmosphere wasadded 1 M TiCl₄ (in DCM, 0.28 mL, 0.28 mmol) dropwise within 15 min atroom temperature. It was stirred another 1 h after the addition. To thismixture was added Bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.1 mL, 0.427 mmol)dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reactionmixture was quenched with ice-water (20 g), and stirred for 20 min, thenit was transferred to a separating funnel, the separated aqueous phasewas extracted 2 times with DCM. The combined organic phases were driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to give 44 mg ofN-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamideas light brown solid which was used for next step without furtherpurification. MS ESI+ve m/z 328 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4:3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile

To a suspension of the crude product obtained from previous step in MeOH(5 mL) was added a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine in MeOH (0.373 M,0.40 mL, prepared from N-methylhydroxylamine HCl salt and 0.9 eq 25 wt %NaOMe/MeOH in MeOH). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20min, followed by adding another portion of N-methylhydroxylamine in MeOH(0.373 M, 1 mL). Solvent was removed under reduced pressure afterstirred another 20 min. The residue was purified by preparative PHLC toyield 16.5 mg of the title compound as TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ: 8.02-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.79-7.62 (m, 3H), 7.48 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),4.05-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.21 (d, J=16.0 Hz,1H), 3.11 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (td, J=13.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.86 (td,J=13.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.28 (dd, J=13.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H); MSESI+ve m/z 375 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-3,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile(compound 69)

Step 1: Preparation of5-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-3(2H)-one

To a solution of 6-bromo-1-indanone (0.50 g, 2.35 mmol) in anhydrous THF(40 mL) under N₂ atmosphere at −78° C. was added a solution of NHMDS (1M in THF, 2.5 mL, 2.5 mmol) within 30 min, followed by TMSCl (0.281 g,0.327 mL2.59 mmol) after stirred 30 min. To this reaction mixture wasadded NHMDS (1 M in THF, 6.0 mL, 6.0 mmol) within 30 min at thistemperature. The temperature was allowed to warm to −30 to −20° C.,after stirred another 30 min, 2,2-eichlorodiethyl ether (336 mg, 0.275mL, 2.35 mmol) was added. Then the reaction temperature was allowed towarm to room temperature without removing cooling bath, and stirredovernight. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, andextracted with EA two times. The combined organic phases were washedwith 1 M HCl, H₂O, brine successively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,and filtered, and concentrated to give black oil. It was purified byflash chromatography on silica gel yield 103 mg of the desired product.MS ESI+ve m/z 281 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2:3-(3-oxo-2,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-5-yl)benzonitrile

To a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was charged with Cs₂CO₃ (147 mg, 0.45mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (20 mg, 0.028 mmol),5-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-3(2H)-one (51 mg,0.18 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (35 mg, 0.24 mmol), dioxane (3 mL)and H₂O (0.1 mL), the system was swept with N₂ and capped, and heated ina CEM microwave reactor at 100° C. for 10 min. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, andfiltered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel eluting with EA in hexane (0-30%) to give42 mg of3-(3-oxo-2,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-5-yl)benzonitrileas white solid. MS ESI+ve m/z 304 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Preparation ofN-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-3(2H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(3-oxo-2,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-5-yl)benzonitrile(42 mg, 0.139 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) under N₂ atmosphere wasadded 1 M TiCl₄ (in DCM, 0.28 mL, 0.28 mmol) dropwise within 15 min atroom temperature. It was stirred another 1 h after the addition. To thismixture was added Bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.1 mL, 0.427 mmol)dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reactionmixture was quenched with ice-water (15 g), and stirred for 30 min, thenit was transferred to a separating funnel, the separated aqueous phasewas extracted 2 times with DCM. The combined organic phases were driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to give thedesired product as white solid, which was used for next step withoutfurther purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 328 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-3,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile

To s suspension of the crude product obtained from previous step in MeOH(6 mL) was added a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine in MeOH (preparedfrom N-methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (13 mg, 0.153 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH(4 mL) and 25 wt % NaOMe/MeOH (31 μL, 0.138 mmol), stirred 5 min). Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 min. Solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative PHLC toyield 2.1 mg of the title compound as TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ: 8.14-7.84 (m, 4H), 7.74 (m, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 4.06-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 2.34-1.48 (m,6H); MS ESI+ve m/z 375 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(compound 64)

Step 1: Preparation ofN-(trans-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

To a solution oftrans-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (923mg, 2.99 mmol) and 2-methyl-2-propane sulfonamide (1.450 g, 11.96 mmol)in anhydrous THF (75 mL) was added Ti(OEt)₄ (5.46 g, 4.96 mL, 23.92mmol). The resulting mixture heated to reflux for 24 h. To this reactionmixture was added 2-methyl-2-propane sulfonamide (0.725 g, 5.98 mmol)and Ti(OEt)₄ (2.73 g, 2.48 mL, 11.96 mmol), then reflux another 14 h.After this period of time, 2-methyl-2-propane sulfonamide (0.725 g, 5.98mmol) and Ti(OEt)₄ (2.73 g, 2.48 mL, 11.96 mmol) was added, the mixturewas refluxed for another 48 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature and quenched with brine (3 mL), and stirred vigorously for30 min. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite®, and washedwith ethyl acetate (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated, and theresidue was dissolved in DCM, filtered again. The filtrated wasconcentrated, the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silicagel to afford 0.968 g of the desired product as a light yellow solid. MSESI+ve m/z 412 (M+H)⁺

Step 2: Preparation of methyl2-(trans-6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)acetate

To a flame dried 50 mL of round bottom flask was charged with of methylacetate (0.088 mL, 1.11 mmol) and anhydrous THF (10 mL) under N₂atmosphere. The solution was cooled to −78° C. with stirring, 2 M LDAsolution in THF (0.551 mL, 1.112 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixturewas stirred for another 30 min at the same temperature after theaddition. To this mixture was added 1 M solution of TiCl(OiPr)₃ inhexane (1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol) dropwise, then stirred another 30 min at −78°C. To this mixture was added a solution ofN-(trans-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(227.6 mg, 0.55 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) dropwise within 30 min.The reaction mixture was stirred another 1 h at −78° C. LC-MS shows 10%conversion. Keep this temperature and stirred another 2 h, noimprovement in conversion.

In another flame dried 50 mL round bottom, enolate anion was preparedagain using the same procedure with bigger scale and higherconcentration: methyl acetate (0.44 mL, 1.11 mmol) in anhydrous THF (4mL); 2 M LDA solution in THF (2.77 mL, 5.55 mmol); 1 M solution ofTiCl(OiPr)₃ in hexane (6.1 mL, 6.1 mmol). Part of this enolate anionsolution (6 mL) was transferred to above reaction flask with a syringequickly. 70% conversion was achieved after 30 min. More of this Enolateanion solution (2 mL) was added to the reaction system in the samemanner. The reaction was quenched after stirred another 30 min. 85%conversion was achieved at this point. The reaction mixture was filteredthrough a pad of Celite, and washed with EA. The separated aqueous phasewas extracted with EA once. The combined organic phases were washed withbrine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentratedto dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silicagel to yield 210 mg of the desired product as white foam. MS ESI+ve m/z486 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of methyl2-(trans-1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)acetate

The solution of methyl2-(trans-6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)acetate(190 mg, 0.89 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) and 4 M HCl solution in 1,4-dioxane(8 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give the desired HCl salt as a whitefoam. It was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+vem/z 382 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of methyl2-(trans-6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)acetate

Above crude product was added to a solution of NaHCO₃ (328 mg, 3.9 mmol)in H₂O (10 mL) and DCM (1 mL) which was chilled at ° C., to this stirredmixture was added thiophosgene (33 μL, 49.5 mg, 0.93 mmol) and stirredfor 1 h at ° C. Thiophosgene (22 μL, 33 mg, 0.62 mmol) was added to thereaction and stirred another 30 min. The reaction was diluted with DCMand brine, and the separated organic phase was washed with saturatedbrine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated toproduce the desired product as oil. It is used for next step withoutfurther purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 365 (M-NCS)⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of6-bromo-1′″-methyl-2″-thioxo-2″,3″-dihydro-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one

To a solution of above crude product in DCM (3 mL) was added a solutionof 2 M MeNH₂ in THF (3 mL). The mixture was stirred for 20 min at roomtemperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresidue was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and hexane (2 mL) and evaporated toafford 179 mg of crude product as off-white solid. This product was usedfor next without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 423 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: Preparation of2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one

To a solution of above crude product in MeOH (9 mL) was addedconcentrated aqueous NH₄OH (4.5 mL), followed by tert-butylhydroperoxide solution (ca. 5.5 M in nonane, 1 mL). The resultingsuspension was stirred overnight. The resulting clear solution wasconcentrated in vacuum to produce the crude product. 10 mg of the crudeproduct was purified through preparative HPLC to give the desiredproduct as TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.54 (d, J=1.6, 1H),7.48 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.30(s, 3H), 3.20-3.07 (m, 3H), 3.01 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (d, J=16.8 Hz,1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.27 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 406(M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of3-(2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6″-oxo-5″,6″-dihydro-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidine]-6-yl)benzonitrile(compound 58)

To a solution of crude product of2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(15 mg, purity 70%, 0.026 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (8 mg, 0.055mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2.5 mL) and H₂O (0.2mL) charged in a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3mg, 0.004 mmol), then the system was degassed by sweeping N₂. The tubewas sealed and heated to 110° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor.Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to yield 4 mg of the desired product as a TFA salt. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.00 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m,1H), 7.66-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H),3.21-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.10 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H),2.04 (m, 2H), 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.31 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 429 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6-(pyridin-3-yl)-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(compound 59)

To a solution of crude product of2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(25 mg, purity 70%, 0.043 mmol), 3-pyridineboronic acid (10 mg, 0.08mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and H₂O (0.2mL) charged in a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4mg, 0.005 mmol), then the system was degassed by sweeping N₂. The tubewas sealed and heated to 110° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor.Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to yield 7 mg of the desired product as a TFA salt. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.14 (s, 1H), 8.82 (m, 2H), 8.10 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.77 (dd, J=9.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.08 (d, J=17.2 Hz,1H), 2.96 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.81 (dd, J=12.0, 2.8 Hz,1H), 1.50-1.28 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 405 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(Compound 42)

To a solution of crude product of2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(25 mg, purity 70%, 0.043 mmol), 3-chloro-5-fluorophenylboronic acid (13mg, 0.07 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) andH₂O (0.2 mL) charged in a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was addedPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg, 0.005 mmol), then the system was degassed bysweeping N₂. The tube was sealed and heated to 110° C. for 10 min in aCEM microwave reactor. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to yield 6 mg of the desired product as aTFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=1.6 Hz,1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s,3H), 3.20-3.16 (m, 3H), 3.09 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=16.4 Hz,1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.28 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 456(M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6-(cyclopropylethynyl)-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(compound 55)

An oven dried 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenser wascharged with crude product of2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one(25 mg, purity 70%, 0.043 mmol), TEA (3 mL), DEA (0.3 mL) and DMF (1 mL)under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (5.7 mg, 0.026mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and PPh₃ (4 mg, 0.015 mmol). Thesystem was degas once again, then cyclopropyl acetylene (0.3 mL, excess)added and the mixture was heated to 53° C. (oil bath) with stirring. Thereaction was evaporated after 12 h and the residue was filtered andpurified by preparative HPLC to yield 3 mg of the desired product as TFAsalt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz,1H), 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.07 (m,3H), 2.99 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (m, 2H),1.71 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.27 (m, 6H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.69 (m, 2H); MS ESI+vem/z 392 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of Compound 50

Step 1. Preparation of 2,2-diallyl-6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one(RXN1)

In a heat gun dried 50 mL round bottom flask was placed6-bromo-1-indanone (500 mg, 2.37 mmol), and it was dissolved in THF (7.9mL). To this solution was added allylbromide (513 μL, 5.93 mmol) and thesolution was cooled down to 0° C. After stirring for 5 minutes, sodiumhydride (237 mg, 5.93 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was slowlyadded. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours at 0° C.,warmed to room temperature, and stirred for another 2 hours. At thattime it was quenched with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and water (10 mL). Thephases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twicewith ethyl acetate (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crudematerial was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yieldingthe diallyl product (493 mg, 1.70 mmol, 72% yield) as a light yellowoil.

M+H=291.4

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.85 (dd, J=2.0, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0,2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.0, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 5.62-5.51 (m, 2H), 5.07 (ddd,J=16.8, 3.2, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.99 (ddd, J=10.0, 2.0, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (s,2H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation of6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN2)

In a heat gun dried 50 mL round bottom flask was placed2,2-diallyl-6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (95 mg, 0.328 mmol) andit was dissolved in toluene (15 mL). To this solution was added GrubbsCatalyst 1^(st) generation (40 mg, 0.049 mmol). This solution was purgedwith a stream of nitrogen for 2 minutes. A condenser was attached to theflask and reaction was heated to reflux overnight (˜14 hours). Afterthat time, the reaction was concentrated under reduce pressure. Thecrude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (72 mg, 0.275mmol, 84% yield) as a white solid.

M+H=262.9, 264.8

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.89 (dd, J=2.4, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.0,1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.0, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 3.10 (s, 2H),2.87 (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 3. Preparation of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN3)

In a microwave vial was placed6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (72 mg, 0.275mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (52 mg, 0.354 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (19mg, 0.027 mmol) and cesium carbonate (224 mg, 0.687 mmol). This solidmixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (2.7 mL, 6:1 ratio,respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂ stream for 1 minute.The vessel was placed in the microwave and heated to 120° C. for 10minutes. After that time, the mixture was filtered through a Celiteplug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (20 mL) and water (20mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phaseswere washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanesas the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated under reduce pressure yielding3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(45 mg, 0.158 mmol, 57% yield) as white crystals.

M+H=286.5

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.97 (bd, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.84(dt, J=6.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (ddd, J=8.0, 1.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (ddd,J=7.6, 1.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.75 (s, 2H), 3.23 (s,2H), 2.93 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Step 4. Preparation of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN4)

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(37 mg, 0.130 mmol) and it was dissolved in THF/MeOH (2.5 mL, 1:1). Tothis solution was added KO₂CNNCO₂K (378 mg, 1.95 mmol) followed by thedropwise addition of AcOH (334 μL, 5.83 mmol). After 1 hour, moreKO₂CNNCO₂K (378 mg, 1.95 mmol) and AcOH (334 μL, 5.83 mmol) were addedand this was repeated until complete consumption of the alkene. When thereaction was completed, it was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (20mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The phases were separated.The aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice (5mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with water, brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. Thecrude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(17 mg, 0.059 mmol, 45% yield).

M+H=288.4

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.95 (bs, 1H), 7.88 (bs, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (m,2H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H) ppm.

Step 5. Preparation of Compound 50 (RXN5)

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(20 mg, 0.070 mmol), and it was azeotroped twice with toluene (2mL/each). Dichloromethane (4 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (139 μL,0.139 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (50μL, 0.223 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir overnight(14 hours) at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice coldwater (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasback-extracted twice with dichloromethane (5 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated underreduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flamedried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (7 mg, 0.084 mmol) and it wasdissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (15 μL, 25%in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature.This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine preparedabove and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After that time, thereaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crudematerial was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFAas the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated yielding the final product (6.5 mg, 0.018 mmol, 26% yield)as a white solid.

M+H=359.1

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.02 (bs, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.61 (m,4H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.97 (d, 2H), 2.07-1.51 (m, 4H) ppm.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of Compounds 57 and 62

Step 1. Preparation of6′-bromo-3,4-dihydroxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN1)

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (100 mg, 0.382mmol) and it was dissolved in a mixture of acetone, H₂O and t-BuOH (3.8mL, 8:2:1). To this solution was added NMO (89 mg, 0.760 mmol) and wasfollowed by the addition of aqueous OsO₄ (50 μL, 0.153 M in H₂O). Thereaction was allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours). At that time, thereaction was cooled down to 0° C. and sodium sulfite (50 mg) was addedand the mix was stirred for 30 minutes. After that time, water (5 mL)and ethyl acetate (5 mL) were added. The phases were separated and theaqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate three times (5mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with 1M HCl, water,brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducepressure. ¹H NMR of this crude showed ˜1:1 mixture of6′-bromo-3,4-dihydroxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-onecis-isomers. This crude mixture of isomers was used as it is for thenext reaction. 100 mg of crude were obtained.

M+H=296.9, 298.9

Step 2. Preparation of6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN 2)

In a 50 mL round bottom flask was placed6′-bromo-3,4-dihydroxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (100mg, 0.338 mmol) and it was dissolved in acetonitrile (2 mL). To thisheterogenous solution was added Ag₂O (470 mg, 2.028 mmol) followed byfreshly grounded Drierite (500 mg). Then MeI (843 μL, 2.97 mmol) wasadded, the round bottom flask was capped with a plastic cap and it wasparafilmed. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature. After2 days stirring the alcohol was consumed. The reaction mixture wasfiltered through a plug of Celite and the cake was rinsed with ethylacetate three times (5 mL/each). The filtrate was concentrated underreduce pressure. This crude material was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO2 cartridge, using ethyl acetate/hexanesas the eluents). The mixture of cis-isomers was easily separated in thechromatography. The corresponding fractions for each isomer werecombined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding the twocis-isomers of6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (51 mg1^(st) isomer, 23 mg 2^(nd) isomer).

M+H=324.9, 327.0 (for both isomers)

1^(st) Isomer (51 mg)

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.84 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 6H), 3.20 (s,2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.86 (dd, J=14.0, 5.2 Hz, 2H) ppm.

2^(nd) Isomer (23 mg)

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz), 3.87 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 6H), 3.01 (s, 2H),2.30 (dd, J=13.2, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.80 (dd, J=13.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Step 3. Preparation of3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN 3) 1^(st) Isomer

In a microwave vial was placed6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one 1^(st)isomer (51 mg, 0.157 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (30 mg, 0.204mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (11 mg, 0.016 mmol) and cesium carbonate (128 mg,0.393 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture(2.0 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂stream for 30 seconds. The vessel was placed in the μwave and heated to110° C. for 30 minutes. After that time, the mixture was filteredthrough a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (4 mL)and water (4 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueousphase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (2 mL). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanesas the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated under reduce pressure yielding3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile1^(st) isomer (40 mg, 0.115 mmol, 73% yield).

M+H=347.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.92 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=1.2, 1.2Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (ddd, J=8.0, 1.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H),7.58-7.53 (m, 2H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 6H), 3.33 (s, 2H), 2.24-2.19(m, 2H), 1.92 (dd, J=14.0, 5.2 Hz, 2H) ppm.

3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN 5) 2^(nd) Isomer

In a microwave vial was placed6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one 1^(st)isomer (23 mg, 0.071 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (14 mg, 0.095mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and cesium carbonate (58 mg,0.178 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture(1.0 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂stream for 30 seconds. The vessel was placed in the microwave and heatedto 110° C. for 30 minutes. After that time, the mixture was filteredthrough a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (2 mL)and water (2 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueousphase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (2 mL). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanesas the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated under reduce pressure yielding3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile2^(nd) isomer (24 mg, 0.069 mmol, 97% yield).

M+H=347.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.95 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (m, 1H),7.83-7.78 (2H), 7.67-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.52 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.44(s, 6H), 3.13 (s, 2H), 2.34 (dd, J=13.2, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (dd, J=13.2,5.6 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Step 4. Preparation of Compound 62 (RXN 4)

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile1^(st) isomer (40 mg, 0.115 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluenetwice (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄(231 μL, 0.231 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed tostir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that timebis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (83 μL, 0.370 mmol) was added and thesolution was allowed to stir 1 hour at room temperature. The reactionwas quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separatedand the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (2mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered,concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL).In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (11 mg,0.132 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution wasadded NaOMe (26 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe,to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1hour. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated underreduce pressure. Attempts to purify by HPLC failed due to poorsolubility in acetonitrile/water. The white solid was collected andLC/MS analysis showed the desired final compound (9.6 mg, 0.023 mmol,20% yield)>95% pure. 1H NMR confirmed purity.

M+H=419.0

¹H NMR=(d₆-DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77(d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H),7.35 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H),3.20 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.91-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.62(dd, J=13.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.30 (dd, J=13.2, 6.4 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Preparation of Compound 57 (RXN 6)

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile2^(nd) isomer (24 mg, 0.069 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluenetwice (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (2 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄(138 μL, 0.138 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed tostir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that timebis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (50 μL, 0.223 mmol) was added and thesolution was allowed to stir 1 hour at room temperature. Only 50%conversion was observed. The reaction was not forced to completion andit was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases wereseparated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice withdichloromethane (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried overMgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped withtoluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placedMeNH(OH).HCl (6 mg, 0.072 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). Tothis solution was added NaOMe (16 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution wasstirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution wastransferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the reaction mixturewas concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material waspurified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as theeluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentratedyielding the final product (4.17 mg, 0.010 mmol, 14% yield) as acolorless oil.

M+H=419.0

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.02 (bs, 1H), 7.97-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.72(m, 3H), 7.64 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (m, 2H),3.39 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.48 (dd,J=14.8, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.83 (dd, J=14.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.63(dd, J=12.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H) ppm.

EXAMPLE 11 Preparation of Compound 49

Step 1. Preparation of6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (RXN1)

In a flame dried 20 mL vial was placed6-bromo-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (98 mg, 0.441 mmol) andit was dissolved in dichloromethane (4.5 mL). To this solution was added2-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene (98 μL, 0.565 mmol) and the solutionwas cooled down to −78° C. After stirring for 5 minutes, BF₃.OEt₂ (27mL, 0.219 mmol) was slowly added. After 5 minutes of the BF₃.OEt₂addition, TLC indicated consumption of the dienophile. The reaction wasquenched with MeOH (300 μL), allowed to stir for 5 minutes at −78° C.and then warmed up to room temperature. Once at room temperature, 2M HCl(7 mL) was added. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane twice (5 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography(ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). Thecorresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reducepressure yielding 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione(62 mg, 0.212 mmol, 48% yield).

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.68 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (s, 2H), 2.48 (dt, J=15.2, 5.6 Hz,2H), 2.22 (ddd, J=15.2, 10.8, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (ddd, J=13.6, 11.2, 5.2Hz, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation(trans-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN2)

To a 20 mL vial was added6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (102 mg, 0.349mmol) and it was dissolved in THF (3.49 mL). This solution was cooleddown to −78° C. and stirred for 5 minutes at that temperature. Then,NaBH₄ (7 mg, 0.184 mmol) were added at −78° C. After 10 minutes moreNaBH₄ (7 mg, 0.184 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, LC/MS showed ˜70%conversion. Finally, a final portion of NaBH₄ (10 mg, 0.263 mmol) wasadded. After 5 minutes, TLC showed total consumption of the diketone.The excess NaBH₄ was quenched immediately with acetone (300 μL). Afterstirring for 15 minutes at −78° C., the reaction was warmed to roomtemperature and ethyl acetate (7 mL) and water (7 mL) were added. Thephases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted withethyl acetate twice (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washedwith brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducepressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO,12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). Thefractions corresponding to the isomer shown in the scheme were combinedand concentrated under reduce pressure yieldingtrans-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (71mg, 0.241 mmol, 69% yield) as a colorless oil.

M+H=294.9, 296.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.84 (bs, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H),7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.94(s, 1H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.40 (m, 4H) ppm.

Step 3. Preparation oftrans-6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN 3)

In a 20 mL vial was placedtrans-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (295mg, 1.00 mmol) and it was dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL). To thisheterogenous solution was added Ag₂O (690 mg, 2.98 mmol) followed byfreshly grounded Drierite (1 g). Then EtI (1.58 mL, 19.75 mmol) wasadded, the round bottom flask was capped with a plastic cap and it wasparafilmed. The reaction was allowed to stir at 40° C. overnight (˜14hours). The reaction mixture was filtered through a plug of Celite andthe cake was rinsed with dichloromethane (15 mL). The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduce pressure. This crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, using ethylacetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions werecombined and concentrated under reduce pressure yieldingtrans-6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (200mg, 0.621 mmol, 62% yield).

M+H=322.9, 324.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (bs, 1H), 7.61 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz,1H), 7.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (quart., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (m, 1H),2.90 (s, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.69 (ddd, J=13.6, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.44-1.27(m, 4H), 1.15 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Step 4. Preparation of3-trans-4-ethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN 4)

In a 20 mL vial was placedtrans-6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (56 mg,0.174 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (33 mg, 0.225 mmol),PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (12 mg, 0.017 mmol) and cesium carbonate (142 mg, 0.436mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (2mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂ streamfor 20 seconds. The reaction vial was capped and allowed to stir at 95°C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celiteplug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (10 mL) and water (10mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane twice (5 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanesas the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated under reduce pressure yielding3-(trans-4-ethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(51 mg, 0.148 mmol, 66% yield) as a yellow solid.

M+H=346.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.92 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=1.6, 1.6Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dt, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m,2H), 3.57 (quart., J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.08 (s, 2H), 2.14 (m,2H), 1.80 (ddd, J=14.0, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.54-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.22 (t, J=6.8Hz, 3H) ppm.

Step 5. Preparation of Compound 11 (RXN 5)

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(trans-4-ethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(51 mg, 0.148 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL).Dichloromethane (4 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (296 μL, 0.296 mmol,1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperaturefor 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (106 μL, 0.472mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour at roomtemperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). Thetwo phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twicewith dichloromethane (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were driedover MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotropedwith toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placedMeNH(OH).HCl (14 mg, 0.167 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL). Tothis solution was added NaOMe (33 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution wasstirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution wastransferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirredat room temperature overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reactionmixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude materialwas purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 5-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as theeluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. Theoil obtained was liophilized yielding the final product (14 mg, 0.034mmol, 23% yield) as white solid.

M+H=417.1

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.00 (bs, 1H), 7.95-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.61(m, 4H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 3.57 (quart., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H),3.09-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.37 (m,4H), 1.18 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H) ppm.

EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of Compounds 47 and 53

Step 1. Preparation of3-(1′-oxo-4-phenyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN1)

In to a 4 mL vial was placed3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(99 mg, 0.347 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (12 mg, 0.017 mmol). They weredissolved in DMF (1 mL). To this solution was added NEt₃ (72 μL, 0.518mmol) followed by iodobenzene (47 μL, 0.420 mmol). The vial was cappedand heated in an oil bath at 120° C. overnight (˜14 hours). After thattime, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug and rinsed withdichloromethane twice (5 mL/each). To the filtrate was added water (5mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extractedwith dichloromethane twice (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases werewashed with water, brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as theeluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentratedunder reduce pressure yielding3-(1′-oxo-4-phenyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(43 mg, 0.119 mmol, 34% yield).

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.96 (bs, 1H), 7.87 (bs, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m,2H), 7.66 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H) 7.60-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.30 (m, 3H),7.26-7.21 (2H), 6.10 (ddd, J=5.6, 2.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (dd, J=5.6, 2.4Hz, 1H), 4.37 (m, 1H), 3.45 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.15 (d,J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (dd, J=12.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.85 (dd, J=12.8,6.4 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation and Separation of Compounds 47 and 53

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(1′-oxo-4-phenyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(43 mg, 0.119 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2mL/each). Dichloromethane (4 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (238 μL,0.238 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86μL, 0.383 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1hour at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water(5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasback-extracted twice with dichloromethane (2 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered,concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL).In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (11 mg,0.167 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL). To this solution wasadded NaOMe (26 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe,to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperatureovernight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purifiedon a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). Twodiastereomers were separated by the HPLC. The corresponding fractionsfor each respective diastereomer were combined and concentrated yieldingtwo final diastereomeric products (1.1 mg, 0.034 mmol, FRACTION A, 1.64mg, 0.000 mmol, FRACTION B, 23% yield).

M+H=433.0 (ISOMER A)

M+H=433.0 (ISOMER B)

FRACTION A ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.03 (bs, 1H), 7.98-7.95 (m, 1H),7.82-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.65 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 3H), 6.10 (dd, J=5.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.71(dd, J=5.6 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.25 (d,J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (d, J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (dd, J=14.0,7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (dd, J=14.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H) ppm.

FRACTION B ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.03 (m, 1H), 7.98-7.95 (m, 1H),7.82-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.64 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.32-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 3H), 6.08 (m, 2H), 4.12 (t, J=4.0 Hz,1H), 3.46 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.91 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0Hz, 1H), 2.65 (dd, J=14.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.63 (dd, J=14.0, 7.6 Hz) ppm.

EXAMPLE 13 Preparation of Compounds 34 and 44

Step 1: Preparation of6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN1)

In a 15 mL plastic tube was placed6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (100 mg, 0.340mmol) and dry silica gel (50 mg). To the mixture was slowly addedDeoxy-fluor (2 mL, 50% in toluene). The reaction was allowed to stir for2 hours. LC/MS analysis indicated formation of the vinyl fluoride adductalong with the geminal difluoro analog. The reaction mixture wasdirectly transferred to a 12 g SiO2 cartridge packed in 100% hexanes andpurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, using ethyl acetate/hexanes asthe eluents. The corresponding fractions for each individual compoundwere combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (14 mg,0.048 mmol) as a white solid, and6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (37 mg,0.118 mmol) as a white solid.

M+H=294.9 and 296.9 (VINYL FLUORIDE)

M+H=314.9 and 316.9 (GEMINAL DIFLUORIDE)

6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (m, 1H), 3.00 (d, J_(A,B)=17.2 Hz,1H) 2.90 (d, J_(A,B)=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 2H),2.09-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.58 (m, 1H) ppm.

6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.70 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 2.0Hz), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (s, 2H), 2.34-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.99(m, 2H), 1.96-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.58 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation of3-(4-fluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN 2)

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (11 mg,0.037 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (7 mg, 0.048 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂(3 mg, 0.004 mmol) and cesium carbonate (30 mg, 0.092 mmol). This solidmixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1 mL, 6:1 ratio,respectively). The reaction vial was capped and allowed to stir at 95°C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celiteplug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (1 mL) and water (1 mL).The filtrate was diluted with dichloromethane (2 mL) and water (2 mL).The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane twice (2 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 4 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes asthe eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentratedunder reduce pressure yielding3-(4-fluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(15 mg, 0.047 mmol, quantitative).

M+H=318.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.95 (bs, 1H), 7.87 (bs, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m,2H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 2H), 5.31-5.25 (m, 1H), 3.12(d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.54 (m,1H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.63 (m,1H) ppm.

Preparation of3-(4,4-difluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(RXN 3)

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (35 mg,0.111 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (23 mg, 0.157 mmol),PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8 mg, 0.011 mmol) and cesium carbonate (91 mg, 0.279mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.1mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The reaction vial was capped and allowedto stir at 90° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filteredthrough a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (5 mL)and water (5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueousphase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). Thecombined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄,filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethylacetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions werecombined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding3-(4,4-difluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(30 mg, 0.089 mmol, 80% yield) as a white solid.

M+H=338.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (m, 1H),7.84-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.11 (s, 2H),2.34-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H)ppm.

Step 3. Preparation of Compound 34

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(4-fluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(15 mg, 0.047 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL).Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (94 μL, 0.094 mmol,1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperaturefor 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (34 μL, 0.151mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour at roomtemperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). Thetwo phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twicewith dichloromethane (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases werewashed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reducepressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (4.3 mg, 0.051 mmol) and it wasdissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (11 μL, 25%in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature.This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine preparedabove and stirred at room temperature overnight (˜14 hours). After thattime, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure andthe crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 5-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated yielding the final product (0.78 mg, 0.002 mmol, 4% yield).

M+H=389.0

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.02 (m, 1H), 7.97-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (m,2H), 7.75-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.45 (m, 1H), 5.28-5.16(m, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.07 (d, J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d,J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.57-2.32 (m, 3H), 2.10-1.81 (m, 3H) ppm.

Preparation of Compound 44 (RXN 5)

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(4,4-difluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(30 mg, 0.089 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL).Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (178 μL, 0.178 mmol,1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperaturefor 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (64 μL, 0.285mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour at roomtemperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL) anddiluted with dichloromethane (3 mL). The two phases were separated andthe aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (3mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried overMgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped withtoluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placedMeNH(OH).HCl (8 mg, 0.096 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2.5 mL).To this solution was added NaOMe (20 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solutionwas stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution wastransferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirredat room temperature overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reactionmixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude materialwas purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as theeluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. Theglace product was liophilized yielding the final product (3.01 mg, 0.007mmol, 8% yield).

M+H=409.0

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01 (bs, 1H), 7.96-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.76(m, 2H), 7.73-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz,1H), 2.13-2.07 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.52 (m, 1H) ppm.

EXAMPLE 14 Preparation of Compound 24

Step 1. Preparation of6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(RXN 1)

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (200 mg,0.621 mmol) and it was azeotroped twice with toluene (5 mL/each).Triethylamine (3.0 mL) and diethylamine (0.8 mL) were added and thissolution was bubbled with a nitrogen stream for 1 minute. ThenPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (22 mg, 0.031 mmol) and CuI (6 mg, 0.032 mmol) were addedand again the solution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1minute. Then, PPh₃ (16 mg, 0.061 mmol) was added followed by theaddition of cyclopropyl acetylene (600 μL, excess) and one more time thesolution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1 minute. The flaskwas capped with a septum and allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at56° C. At that time, the solvent was removed under reduce pressure andthe crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂cartridge, using ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). Thecorresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reducepressure yielding6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(180 mg, 0.584 mmol, 94% yield).

M+H=309.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (quart., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 2H),2.11 (m, 2H), 1.75 (ddd, J=13.6, 13.6, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 1.48-1.33 (m, 4H),1.21 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.90-0.83 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.77 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation of Compound 24 (RXN 2)

In a 50 mL round bottom flask was placed6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(180 mg, 0.584 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2mL/each). Dichloromethane (20 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (1.17 mL,1.17 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (420μL, 1.87 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed stir overnight(˜14 hours). The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (20 mL). Thetwo phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted withdichloromethane (10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried overMgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped withtoluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 20 mL vial was placedMeNH(OH).HCl (54 mg, 0.647 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (15 mL).To this solution was added NaOMe (118 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solutionwas stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution wastransferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the reaction mixturewas concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material waspurified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as theeluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. Theconcentrated product was lyophilized yielding the final product (90 mg,0.237 mmol, 41% yield).

M+H=380.1

¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.41 (bs, 1H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 3.57 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.99 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.93(d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.14-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.62 (m, 2H),1.51-1.34 (m, 4H), 1.17 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.92-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.71(m, 2H) ppm.

EXAMPLE 15 Preparation of Compounds 26, 29 and 56

Step 1

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with Lawesson's reagent (0.0745 g,0.184 mmol), hydantoin (0.0758 g, 0.184 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (3 mL).The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor for three times, at 110°C. for 30 min, 140° C. for 30 min, and 140° C. for 30 min, respectively.After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue waspurified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethylacetate to afford 0.0339 g (43%) of 2-thiohydantoin as a solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.88 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 427, 429 (MH⁺).

Step 2

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with 2-thiohydantoin (0.0339 g), MeOH(3 mL), and 1 N NaOH (0.5 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 10min, MeI (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEMmicrowave reactor at 60° C. for 10 min and then purified byreversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column,10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0180 g (50%) of3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-3,5-dihydroimidazole-4-one. LC-MS t_(R)=2.17 minin 3 min chromatography, m/z 455, 457 (MH⁺).

Step 3. Preparation of Compound 56

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-3,5-dihydroimidazole-4-one (0.0180 g), NH₄I(0.600 g), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), and 7 MNH₃ in MeOH (4 mL). The tube washeated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 1 h. The reactionmixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90%CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford TFAsalt of compound 56. LC-MS t_(R)=1.80 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z424, 426 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.46-6.89 (m, 7H), 5.62-5.56(m, 1H), 5.26-5.22 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.58 (m, 6H), 1.74-1.67(m, 2H).

Step 4. Preparation of Compounds 26 and 29

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with compound 56 (0.0040 g),3-cyanophenylboronic acid (0.0462 g), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2225 g), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂(0.0142 g), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), and H₂O (0.5 mL). The tube was heated ina CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture waspurified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mmcolumn, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90%CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford TFAsalt of compound 29. LC-MS t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z447 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.93-6.92 (m, 11H), 5.63-5.58 (m,1H), 5.28-5.24 (m, 1H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 3.02-2.59 (m, 6H), 1.82-1.70 (m,2H).

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with compound 56 (0.0068 g),3-chloro-5-fluorophenylboronic acid (0.0782 g), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2277 g),PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0127 g), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), and H₂O (0.5 mL). The tubewas heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. Thereaction mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 minand then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) toafford TFA salt of compound 26. LC-MS t_(R)=2.27 min in 3 minchromatography, m/z 474, 476 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.62-6.75(m, 10H), 5.62-5.56 (m, 1H), 5.27-5.23 (m, 1H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.00-2.56(m, 6H), 1.77-1.68 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CD₃OD) δ −113.11 (m).

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of Compound 67

Step 1. 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile

To a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (2.1385 g, 10.53 mmol) andDMAP (0.0146 g, 0.12 mmol, 0.011 equiv) in CH₃CN (20 mL) was added TMSCN(1.4086 g, 14.20 mmol, 1.35 equiv) dropwise via a syringe under nitrogenat room temperature. After 4 h, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The crude product was directly used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

Step 2.(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)(7-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-yl)methanone

To a solution of2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile (10.53mmol), obtained as described above, in THF (10 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0M in THF, 11 mL, 11 mmol, 1.05 equiv) via a syringe under nitrogen at−78° C. After 1.25 h, a solution of5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-7-one (1.6550 g, 10.33 mmol, 0.98equiv) in THF (16 mL) was added dropwise via a cannula. The resultingmixture was allowed to slowly warm to 7° C. over 16 h. The mixture wasthen treated with 2 N HCl (25 mL) and MeOH (75 mL). The resultingsolution was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 22 h and thesolvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was extractedtwice with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporatedunder reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography onsilica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 1.6570 g (44% intwo steps) of(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)(7-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-yl)methanoneas a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.02 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 345, 347(M−H₂O)⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.54-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.38 (m,1H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 7.01-6.97 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 1H),2.64-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.88 (m, 4H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ−113.01; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 205.59, 157.47 (d, J=249.2 Hz),142.18, 134.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz), 131.18 (d, J=3.8 Hz), 128.93, 128.24 (d,J=19.9 Hz), 126.40, 117.89 (d, J=24.5 Hz), 116.81 (d, J=3.1 Hz), 81.65,35.21, 35.19, 29.25.

Step 3.5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one

A mixture of(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)(7-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-yl)methanone(1.3739 g, 3.78 mmol) and 60% NaH (0.5900 g, 14.75 mmol) in THF (20 mL)was heated at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled withan ice bath and quenched with 2 N HCl (5 mL), extracted with ethylacetate, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvents were evaporated, theresidue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted withhexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.9170 g (71%) of5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-oneas a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 343, 345(MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.79-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.71 (m, 1H),7.17 (m, 4H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 2H),1.95-1.85 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 201.53, 169.46, 141.50,140.56, 128.93, 127.47, 126.62, 121.63, 115.61, 114.15, 92.58, 32.98,29.67.

Step 4.N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one(0.1660 g, 0.48 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂,1.0 mL, 1.0 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction mixture wasturned into orange precipitates in a few minutes. After 1 h,1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (0.30 mL, 1.32 mmol) was added via asyringe. The precipitates were disappeared and the reaction mixture wasturned into a red solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 15 h and then quenched with ice, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crudeproduct was directly used in the next step without further purification.LC-MS t_(R)=2.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 367, 369 (MH⁺).

Step 5. Preparation of Compound 67

To a suspension ofN-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide(0.48 mmol), obtained as described above, in EtOH (20 mL) was added amixture of methylhydroxyamine.HCl salt (0.0986 g, 1.18 mmol) and CH₃ONa(25 wt. % in MeOH, 0.25 mL, 1.10 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL). After 16 h, thereaction mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 minand then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) toafford TFA salt of compound 67. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43, 1.58 min in 3 minchromatography, m/z 414, 416 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.81-6.83(m, 7H), 3.37-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.02 (m, 2H),1.78-1.72 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 17 Preparation of Compound 25

Experimental Data:

Step 1. dimethyl 3-hydroxypentanedioate

To a mixture of dimethyl 3-oxopentanedioate (20 g, 115 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (140 mL) was added NaBH₄ (2.33 g, 63.18 mmol) in smallportions over 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at roomtemperature and concentrated. Water and EtOAc was added and the organicphase was separated and dried. The combined organic layer wasconcentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by columnchromatography to give dimethyl 3-hydroxypentanedioate (9 g, 44%).¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.51 (m, 4H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.70 (m, 6H), 4.45 (m, 1H).

Step 2. dimethyl 3-methoxypentanedioate

To a solution of dimethyl 3-hydroxypentanedioate (9 g, 51.1 mmol) in DMF(70 mL) was added Ag₂O (35.5 g, 154.3 mmol) and iodomethane (48.2 g,339.2 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate waswashed with water. Ether was added and the organic layer was dried andconcentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by columnchromatography to give dimethyl 3-methoxypentanedioate (8 g, 82%).¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.48 (m, 4H), 3.21 (m, 3H), 3.50 (m, 6H), 3.85 (s, 1H).

Step 3. 3-methoxypentane-1,5-diol

To a stirred suspension of LAH (1.77 g, 46.6 mmol) in THF (40 mL) underN₂ was cooled to 0° C. and was added dimethyl 3-methoxypentanedioate(3.7 g, 19.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight. Aqueous NaOH (1N, 12 mL) was added at 0° C. The mixture was filtered and the cake waswashed with EtOAc 3 times. The filtrate was dried and concentrated togive 3-methoxypentane-1,5-diol (1 g, 38%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 1.75 (m, 4H),2.62 (s, 2H), 3.37 (m, 3H), 3.6 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H).

Step 4. 1,5-dibromo-3-methoxypentane

To a solution of 3-methoxypentane-1,5-diol (1 g, 7.46 mmol) in DCM (10mL) was added PPh₃ (5.77 g, 22.05 mmol) and CBr₄ (4.87 g, 14.7 mmol) at0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The mixture wasfiltrated and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, whichwas purified by column chromatography to give1,5-dibromo-3-methoxypentane (1.2 g, 62%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.0 (m, 4H),3.3 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 4H), 3.5 (m, 1H), 3.7 (m, 4H).

Step 5. 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (1.037 g, 4.94 mmol) and1,5-dibromo-3-methoxypentane (1.2 g, 4.94 mmol) in THF (16 mL) was addedNaH (237.12 mg, 60%, 9.88 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture wasrefluxes for 3 h. The mixture was quenched with water and extracted withEtOAc. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the residue,which was purified by column chromatography to give6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (60 mg, 4%).

Step 6.3-(4-methoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

To a solution of6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (40 mg,0.130 mmol) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (30.5 mg, 0.208 mmol) inCs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.247 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (1.2 mL) under N₂ was addedPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (7.5 mg). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 6 minutes.After cooled to room temperature, the organic layer was dried andconcentrated to give the residue, which was purified by TLC to give3-(4-methoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(20 mg, 46%).

Step 7.(E)-N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(4-methoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(30 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.2 mL). It wasstirred in microwave at 50° C. for 5 minutes. Thenbis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.2 mL, 0.146 mmol) was added. Theresulting mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for 10 minutes. Thereaction mixture was poured into ice-water, extracted with DCM. Thecombined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated to give(E)-N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (30 mg, crude).

Step 8. Preparation of Compound 25

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (7 mg, 0.085 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (1 mL) was added NaOMe (25% in MeOH (Wt %), 0.017 mL),followed by(E)-N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(30 mg, 0.085 mmol). After stirred for 15 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in DCM (5 mL). The mixturewas filtered, and the solvent was removed to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 25 (2.35 mg, 7%). ¹H-NMR(MeOD): 1.37 (m, 4H), 1.77 (m, 3H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 3.23 (m,1H), 3.32 (m, 3H), 3.45 (m, 3H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.75 (m, 4H), 8.0 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 18 Preparation of Compound 46

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2-(2-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid

A mixture of 2-(2-carboxyvinyl)benzoic acid (5 g, 26 mmol) in MeOH (45mL) was bubbled with H₂ (10 psi) at room temperature overnight. Themixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give2-(2-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid (5.2 g, 100%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.61 (m,2H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.88 (m, 1H).

Step 2. methyl 2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)benzoate

Concentrated H₂SO₄ (1.7 mL) was added dropped into a mixture of2-(2-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid (5 g, 25.9 mmol) in MeOH (21 mL) underice-cooling. The mixture was refluxed overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated and EtOAc was added. The organic layer was dried andconcentrated to give methyl 2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)benzoate (5.75 g,100%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.67 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.91(s, 3H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H).

Step 3. 3-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

To a stirred solution of LAH (1.89 g, 49.77 mmol) in Et₂O (40 mL) underN₂ was cooled to 0° C. and was added AlCl₃ (1.6 g, 11.8 mmol). Themixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 30minutes. A mixture of methyl 2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)benzoate (2 g, 9mmol) in Et₂O was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred overnight.Aqueous NaOH (1 N, 12 mL) was added at 0° C. The mixture was filteredand the cake was washed with EtOAc 3 times. The filtrate was dried andconcentrated to give 3-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (1.46 g,98%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 1.85 (m, 2H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 4.62 (s,2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 2H).

Step 4. 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(3-bromopropyl)benzene

To a solution of 3-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (1.46 g, 8.85mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added PPh₃ (6.95 g, 26.5 mmol) and CBr₄ (5.86g, 17.7 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The mixture was concentrated to give the residue, which waspurified by column chromatography to give1-(bromomethyl)-2-(3-bromopropyl)benzene (2.27 g, 88%).

Step 5.6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (1.2 g, 5.71 mmol) and1-(bromomethyl)-2-(3-bromopropyl)benzene (1.66 g, 5.71 mmol) in THF (40mL) was added NaH (457 mg, 60%, 11.42 mmol) at room temperature. Themixture was refluxes for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with water andextracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and concentrated togive the residue, which was purified by column chromatography to give6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′1)-one(420 mg, 22%).

Step 6.3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

To a solution of6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(200 mg, 0.59 mmol) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (130 mg, 0.885 mmol)in Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 1 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (4.2 mL) under N₂ was addedPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (20 mg). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 0.7 h.After cooled to room temperature, the organic layer was dried andconcentrated to give the residue, which was purified by TLC to give3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(120 mg, 56%).

Step 7.N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(31 mg, 0.086 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (66 mg). It wasstirred in microwave at 50° C. for 5 minutes. Thenbis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (112 mg, 0.6 mmol) was added. Theresulting mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for 10 minutes. Thereaction mixture was poured into ice-water, extracted with DCM. Thecombined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated to giveN-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(50 mg, crude).

Step 8. Preparation of Compound 46

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (13 mg, 0.13 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (2 mL) was added NaOMe (25% in MeOH (Wt. %), 5 drops),followed byN-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(50 mg, 0.13 mmol). After stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in DCM (5 mL). The mixturewas filtered, and the solvent was removed to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 46 (2.38 mg, 4%). ¹H-NMR(MeOD): 1.41 (m, 1H), 1.72-2.23 (m, 3H), 2.46 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 3H),3.08 (m, 1H), 3.32 (m, 3H), 6.62 (m, 1H), 7.02 (m, 3H), 7.21 (m, 1H),7.62 (m, 4H), 7.92 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 19 Preparation of Compound 48

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2-allyl-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid

To a solution of TMEDA (32.2 g, 0.278 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was addeds-BuLi (1.3 M, 0.278 mol, 214 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred atthis temperature for 0.5 hour, and then a solution of3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (20 g, 0.127 mol) in THF (100 mL) was addeddropwise. After stirring for 1 hour, CuBr.DMS (3.9 g, 0.019 mol, 15%mol) was added, followed by 3-bromoprop-1-ene (46 g, 0.38 mol) in 50 mLof THF. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature andwas quenched with water. The aqueous layer was washed with Et₂O, andacidified with 4 N HCl. The mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The organiclayer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated to give 2-allyl-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (22 g, 55%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃): 3.91 (d, 2H), 5.06 (m, 2H), 6.01 (m, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H),7.90 (m, 1H).

Step 2. 3,4-difluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid

A steam of O₃ was bubbled through a solution of2-allyl-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (13 g, 0.065 mol) in absolute CH₂Cl₂(200 mL) at −78° C. until the mixture was turned blue. Then NaBH₄ (7.25g, 0.196 mol) in was added to the above mixture, and the final mixturewas stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution wasconcentrated. Water was added at 0° C., and the mixture was acidified byadding 6 N HCl, and was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer waswashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give3,4-difluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid (8.2 g, crude).

Step 3. 2-(2,3-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol

To a solution of LiAlH₄ (2.45 g, 0.065 mol) in THF (30 mL) was added3,4-difluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid (8.7 g, 0.043 mol) in THF(60 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.The reaction was quenched with 3 mL of H₂O, followed by aqueous NaOHsolution (3 mL, 10%). The solution was filtered and the filtrated wasconcentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatographyto give 2-(2,3-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (2.5 g, 31%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃): 2.99 (m, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.83 (t, 2H), 4.52 (s, 2H),7.03 (m, 2H).

Step 4. 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene

To a solution of 2-(2,3-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (2.5 g,13.3 mmol) and CBr₄ (10.9 g, 33 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added PPh₃(8.65 g, 33 mmol) at 0° C. in portions. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The solution was concentrated. The residue wasre-dissolved in Et₂O and filtered. The filtrated was concentrated togive the crude product, which was purified by chromatography to afford2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (3.2 g, 77%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃): 3.37 (t, 2H), 3.63 (t, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 7.11 (m, 2H).

Step 56-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one

To a solution of 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (3g, 9.62 mmol) and 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (2.03 mg, 9.62mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added NaH (0.58 mg, 14.43 mmol), and themixture was refluxed for 2 hour. The reaction was cooled and quenchedwith ice-water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layerwas washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated togive the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC to afford6-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one(1.6 g, 46%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 1.68 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 2.47 (d, 1H),2.72 (m, 2H), 2.89 (d, 1H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 6.71 (m, 1H), 6.86 (m, 1H),7.22 (d, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H).

Step 6.(Z)—N-(5-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of6-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one(150 mg, 0.41 mmol) in dried CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M solutionin DCM, 0.1.24 mmol) dropwise within 15 minutes, and stirred for 1 h.Then to this mixture was added bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (234 mg,1.24 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. Thereaction mixture was poured into ice-water, extracted with CH₂Cl₂. Thecombined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated to give(Z)—N-(5-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(180 mg, crude), which was used for the next step without furtherpurification.

Step 7. Compound 48a

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (39 mg, 0.47 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (5 mL)was added NaOMe (25 wt % in MeOH, 91 mg, 0.42 mmol), followed by(Z)—N-(5-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(180 mg, 0.47 mmol). After stirring for 5 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and filtered.The filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC to afford the compound 48a (50 mg, 24%). ¹H NMR (MeOD):1.72 (m, 1H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 2.32 (d, 1H), 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.69 (m, 2H),2.97 (m, 2H), 3.06 (d, 3H), 6.76 (m, 1H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H),7.37 (d, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H).

Step 8. Compound 48

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treatedsequentially with the compound 48a (50 mg, 0.146 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.2 mL) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (43 mg, 0.29mmol). The mixture was heated under 110° C. at N₂ under microwave for 20minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give theresidue, which was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound48 (6.73 mg, 10%). ¹H NMR (MeOD): 1.48 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 2.51 (d,1H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.93-3.13 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 3H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 7.03(m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.83 (m, 4H), 7.97 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 20 Preparation of Compound 22

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diethanol

To a solution of 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diacetic acid (10 g, 51.5 mmol) inTHF (100 mL) was added to LAH in THF (90 mL) dropwise, the mixture wasrefluxed for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled in ice bath and carefullyadded water (8 mL) dropwise, followed by 1 N NaOH (8 mL), then removedthe ice bath added water slowly with stirring until the gray precipitateturns white. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentratedto give crude 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diethanol (8 g, 94%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃):2.02 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 4H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 4.24 (t, 1H),7.19 (m, 4H).

Step 2. 1,2-bis(2-bromoethyl)benzene

To a solution of 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diethanol (5 g, 30.1 mmol),perbromo methane (24.7 g, 75.3 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was addedtriphenylphosphine (19.73 g, 75.3 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated,redissolved by Et₂O, filtered, the organic layer was concentrated togive crude product, which was purified by column chromatography to give1,2-bis(2-bromoethyl)-benzene (2.3 g, 26%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 3.12 (t,4H), 3.47 (t, 4H), 7.16 (m, 4H).

Step 3.6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (300 mg, 1.43 mmol),1,2-bis(2-bromoethyl)-benzene (414.3 mg, 1.43 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded NaH (114 mg, 2.86 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture wasrefluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated,then extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated to 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (20 mg,5%).

Step 4.(Z)—N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(20 mg, 0.059 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (44.7 mg, 0.235 mmol)dropwise, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for20 minutes, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (43.8mg, 0.235 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. atAr₂ under microwave for 10 minutes and repeated the same operation forone time and then poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueous layer wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂, which was combined with the organic layer. Theorganic layer was dried and concentrated to give crude(Z)—N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)—ylidene)cyanamide (20 mg, 4%).

Step 5. The Compound 22a

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.59 mg, 0.055mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added MeONa (0.02 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH),followed by(Z)—N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(20 mg, 0.055 mmol). After stirring for 10 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuo to give the crude compound 22a (20 mg).

Step 6. Compound 22

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of tube under Ar₂ was treatedsequentially with compound 1 (20 mg, 0.049 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL),Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.3 mL) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (14.4 mg, 0.097mmol). The mixture was heated under microwave at 120° C. for 25 minutes.The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC and then by preparative HPLC togive pure compound 22 (1.12 mg, 5%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD): 1.53 (t, 0.7H), 1.71(m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 1.5H), 2.16 (m, 0.6H), 2.79 (m, 2H), 3.12 (m, 3H),3.27 (m, 3H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.63 (s, 1H), 7.12 (m, 4H), 7.52 (d, 0.6H),7.71 (m, 1.5H), 7.79 (m, 2H), 7.97 (m, 1H), 8.03 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 21 Preparation of Compound 30

Step 1: Preparation Compound 30c

To a solution of LDA (5.2 mL, 9.36 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (10 mL)was added the solution of compound 30a (800 mg, 4.68 mmol) in THF (15mL) slowly at −60° C. It was stirred at −60° C. for 30 min. To theresulting mixture the solution of compound 30b (1.38 g, 4.21 mmol) inTHF (4 mL) was added slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at −60°C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL). Theaqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to dryness to give the crude product, which was purified bychromatography to give compound 30c (750 mg, yield 38%) as yellow solid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H),7.11 (m, 4H), 2.99-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.10(m, 2H), 1.52-1.61 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 30d

An 100 mL flask was charged with compound 30c (0.75 g, 1.78 mmol),Pd(OAc)₂ (0.0523 g, 0.23 mmol), Ph₃P (0.136 g, 0.52 mmol), DMF (28 mL)and H₂O (3.13 mL). The resulting mixture was degassed and then Et₃N(0.216 g, 2.14 mmol) was added under nitrogen. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 130° C. for 4 h. Then the mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, diluted with water (10 mL). The solution was extracted withEtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness to give the crudeproduct, which was purified by chromatography to give compound 30d (30mg, yield 8%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.74 (s, 1H),7.58-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 3.16 (s, 2H),3.04-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.89 (br s, 2H), 1.91-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.63 (m,2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 30e

To a solution of compound 30d (30 mg, 0.102 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (0.408 mL, 0.408 mmol). It was stirred at 50° C. for 6 minin microwave. To the resulting mixture bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide(0.05 mL, 0.224 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at60° C. for 12 min in microwave. TLC showed that the reaction wascompleted. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (10 mL). Thesolution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×15 mL). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to dryness to give compound 30e (30 mg, 93% crude yield) asyellow solid, which was used directly for the next step withoutpurification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 30

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (7.9 mg, 0.094 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (2 mL) was added a solution of NaOMe (10 wt %, 0.048 mL,0.0846 mmol) in methanol followed by compound 30e (30 mg, 0.094 mmol).After being stirred for 20 min, the solvent was removed in vacuo. Theresidue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered, andthe solvent was removed under reduce pressure to give the residue, whichwas purified by HPLC to give compound 30 (4.9 mg, yield 14%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.017 min and 1.078 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 368 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.63-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.51(m, 1H), 7.40-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.14 (m, 4H) 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.12(m, 3H), 2.77-2.84 (s, 2H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.69(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 22 Preparation of Compound 61

Experimental Data:

Step 1. (8-hydroxymethyl-naphthalen-1-yl)-methanol

Benzo[de]isochromene-1,3-dione (30 g, 0.15 mol) in anhydrous THF (300mL) was added dropwise to a solution of LAH (10 g, 0.38 mol) inanhydrous THF (200 mL). The result reaction mixture was refluxed for 3h, then allowed to cool and stand overnight at room temperature. Waterand 10% aq. NaOH was added dropwise, filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuum to give the crude product, which was useddirectly without purification (1.15 g, crude). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 5.06 (m,4H), 5.23 (m, 2H), 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.82 (m, 2H).

Step 2. 1,8-bis-bromomethyl-naphthalene

A mixture of naphthalene-1,8-diyldimethanol (1.15 g, 6 mmol) and CH₂Cl₂(10 mL) was stirred mechanically and PBr₃ (1.2 mL) added dropwise over20 mins. During the first half of the addition the solution refluxedspontaneously. After stirring overnight at room temperature, water wasadded dropwise with stirring over 20 min, which again caused refluxingand evolution of much HBr. After stirring for an additional 2 h, waterwas added and the layers separated and the organic layer washed withwater. The organic layer was evaporated in vacuum to give the crudeproduct, which was used directly without purification (1.6 g, 84%).¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 5.30 (s, 4H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.87 (m, 2H).

Step 3. 6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalen]-1(3H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (400 mg, 1.9 mmol) and1,8-bis(bromomethyl)naphthalene (596 mg, 1.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL) wasadded NaH (152 mg, 3.8 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was heatedunder reflux for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated,then extracted with CH₂Cl₂, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalen]-1(3H)-one (386 mg,56%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.79 (d, 2H), 3.50 (d, 2H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m,2H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H).

Step 4.3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile

6-Bromo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalen]-1(3H)-one (200 mg, 0.57mmol) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (168 mg, 1.17 mmol) was dissolved in1,4-dioxane (5 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (0.6 mL, 2 M) was added. Then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂(10 mg) was added under N₂. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 10minutes under microwave. The solvent was removed in vacuum. The crudeproduct was purified by preparative TLC to give3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile(130 mg, 60%).

Step 5.(E)-N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile(130 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was TiCl₄ (257 mg, 1.35 mmol), thenthe mixture was heated at 50° C. for 5 minutes under microwave. Then thereagent was added, and it was heated at 60° C. for 10 minutes. Thereaction mixture was poured into ice-water, and then extracted with DCM.The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated to givethe crude product. The crude product was used directly withoutpurification (70 mg, crude).

Step 6. Compound 61

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl in anhydrous MeOH was added NaOMe (25% inMeOH) followed by(E)-N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(35 mg, 0.085 mmol). After stirring for 10 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DCM. The mixture wasfiltered and the solvent was removed in vacuum. The crude product waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 61 (1.02 mg, 3%). ¹H-NMR(MeOD): 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 2H), 3.28 (m, 3H), 3.41 (m,1H), 3.58 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.58 (m,1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.98 (m,1H)

EXAMPLE 23 Preparation of Compound 40

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 1,2-phenylenedimethanol

A solution of phthalic acid (9 g, 0.05 mol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL)was added to LAH (7.6 g, 0.2 mol) in THF (250 mL) dropwise, and themixture was refluxed for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled in ice bathand carefully added water dropwise, followed by 50% NaOH (150 mL), andthen removed the ice bath added water slowly with stirring until thegray precipitate turns white. The mixture was filtrated and the filtratewas concentrated to give crude 1,2-phenylenedimethanol (7 g, 92%).

Step 2. 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene

To a solution of 1,2-phenylenedimethanol (2.6 g, 17 mmol), perbromomethane (13.7 g, 41.8 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added triphenylphosphine(10.95 g, 41.8 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, redissolved byEt₂O, filtered, the organic layer was concentrated to give crude1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (4.2 g, 89%).

Step 3. 6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[inden]-1(3H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (1.05 g, 5 mmol),1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (1.31 g, 5 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was addedNaH (240 mg, 10 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was refluxed for2 hours. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated, thenextracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentratedto 6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[inden]-1(3H)-one (1.8 g, 33%).

Step 4.3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-6-yl)benzonitrile

6-Bromo-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[inden]-1(3H)-one (314 mg, 1 mmol),3-cyanophenylboronic acid (294 g, 2 mmol) in [1,4]-dioxane (12 mL),Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 3.2 mL), then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) was addedunder Ar₂, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 5 minutes undermicrowave. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give theresidue, which was purified by TLC to give3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (34mg, 10%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 3.00 (d, 2H), 3.33 (s, 2H), 3.62 (d, 2H), 7.31(m, 3H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.96 (m, 2H), 8.02 (m, 1H), 8.11(m, 1H).

Step 5.(Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (34mg, 0.1 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (76 mg, 0.4 mmol) dropwise,the mixture was stirred at 50° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 5 minutes,N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (74 mg, 0.4 mmol)was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. at Ar₂ undermicrowave for 10 minutes and poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueouslayer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, which was combined with the organiclayer. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give crude((Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyana mide (36 mg, 99%).

Step 10. Compound 40

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (11. mg, 0.134mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (0.026 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH),followed by(Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(50 mg, 0.13 mmol). After stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC, and thenHPLC to give compound 40 (2.19 mg, 5%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD): 2.79 (m, 1H),2.91 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.19 (m, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m,4H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.75 (m, 3H), 8.02 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 24 Preparation of Compound 54

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 54a

To a solution of TMEDA (25.5 g, 0.22 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was addeds-BuLi (1.3 M, 0.22 mol, 169 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred atthis temperature for 0.5 hour, and a solution of 3-fluorobenzoic acid(14 g, 0.1 mol) in THF (50 mL) was added dropwise. After being stirredfor 1 hour, CuBr/DMS (3.09 g, 0.015 mol, 15% mol) was added, followed byaddition of 3-bromoprop-1-ene (36 g, 0.3 mol) in 50 mL of THF. Thereaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and quenched withwater. The aqueous layer was washed with Et₂O, and acidified with 4 NHCl. The mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to givecompound 54a (14.2 g, 79%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.87 (d, 1H), 7.35(m, 2H), 6.03 (m, 1H), 5.06 (d, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.87 (d, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 54b

A steam of O₃ was bubbled through a solution of 2-allyl-3-fluorobenzoicacid (8.0 g, 0.044 mol) in absolute methanol (50 mL) at −78° C. untilthe mixture was turned to blue. The ozonide solution was added dropwiseto an ice-cold solution of NaOH (0.066 mol, 2.64 g) and NaBH₄ (0.22 mol,8.2 g) in 50% aqueous ethanol (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight, and concentrated. Water was added at 0° C., andthe mixture was acidified by adding 6 N HCl, and extracted with EtOAc.The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated to give the compound 54b (6 g, crude).

Preparation of Compound 54c

To a solution of LiAlH₄ (2.76 g, 0.072 mol) in THF (50 mL) was added3-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzoic acid (6 g, 0.036 mol) in THF (30 mL)at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at aoom temperature overnight, quenchedwith 3 mL of H₂O, followed by addition of 3 mL of 10% aqueous NaOHsolution. The solution was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated,the residue was purified by chromatography to give the compound 54c (2.5g, 41%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.24 (m, 1H), 7.13 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m,1H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 3.86 (t, 2H), 3.02 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 54d

To a solution of 2-(2-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (3 g, 17.5mmol) and CBr₄ (14.4 g, 43.9 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added PPh₃ (11.5g, 43.9 mmol) at 0° C. in portions. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved inEt₂O and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the crudeproduct, which was purified by chromatography to afford the compound 54d(2.5 g, 48%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.23 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.04(m, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.62 (t, 2H), 3.33 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 54e

To a solution of 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3-fluorobenzene (500mg, 1.69 mmol) and 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (356 mg, 1.69mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added NaH (102 mg, 2.54 mmol), and the mixturewas refluxed for 2 hour. The reaction was cooled, and quenched withice-water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer waswashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated, theresidue was purified by preparative TLC to afford the compound 54e (210mg, 36%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.79 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.24 (m,1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.79 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.13 (m, 3H), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.49(d, 1H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 54f

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treatedsequentially with a solution6-bromo-5′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one(100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.3 mL), and3-cyanophenylboronic acid (64 mg, 0.43 mmol). The mixture was heated at100° C. under N₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, concentrated in vacuo, andpurified by preparative TLC to give the compound 54f (100 mg, 94%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.94 (s, 1H), 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m, 2H), 7.63 (m,1H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 3H), 2.88 (d,1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.52 (d, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 54g

To a solution of3-(5′-fluoro-1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile(100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in dried CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M solutionin DCM, 0.817 mmol) dropwise within 15 minutes. This mixture was heatedat 50° C. under N₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, addedbis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (206 mg, 1.09 mmol) dropwise, heated at60° C. under N₂ in microwave for another 10 minutes, poured intoice-water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layer waswashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to givethe compound 54g (105 mg, crude), which was used for the next stepwithout further purification.

Preparation of Compound 54

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (22.5 mg, 0.269 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (5mL) was added NaOMe (25 wt % in MeOH, 53 mg, 0.242 mmol) and(Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-5′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(105 mg, 0.269 mmol). After being stirred for 20 minutes, the solventwas removed in vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. Afterfilteration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC and preparative HPLC to afford compound 54 (25 mg,21%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.92-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.83 (m, 4H),7.39 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d, 3H), 3.28 (m, 1H),3.02 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.84 (m, 3H), 1.89-2.23 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 439[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 25 Preparation of Compound 43

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 43a

To a solution of TMEDA (33 mL, 0.22 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was addeds-BuLi (1.3 M, 0.22 mol, 169 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred atthis temperature for 0.5 hour, and a solution of 4-fluorobenzoic acid(14 g, 0.1 mol) in THF (50 mL) was added dropwise. After being stirredfor 1 hour, CuBr.DMS (3.09 g, 0.015 mol, 15% mol) was added, followedaddition of 3-bromoprop-1-ene (36 g, 0.3 mol) in 50 mL of THF. Thereaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and quenched withwater. The aqueous layer was washed with Et₂O, acidified with 4 N HCl,and extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was washed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the mixture of compound43a and compound 43aA (10 g, 55%).

Preparation of Compound 43b

A steam of O₃ was bubbled through a solution of 2-allyl-4-fluoro-benzoicacid (5.0 g, 27.6 mmol) in absolute methanol (30 mL) at −78° C. untilthe mixture was turned to blue. NaBH₄ (3 g, 82.9 mmol) was added, andthe mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution wasconcentrated, water was added at 0° C., and the mixture was acidified byadding 6 N HCl. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc, and the organiclayer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated to give the mixture of compounds 43b and 43bA (3.8 g,crude).

Preparation of Compound 43c

To a solution of LiAlH₄ (1.2 g, 31 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzoic acid (3.8 g, 20.7 mmol) in THF (30mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight,quenched with 1.2 mL of H₂O, followed by addition of 1.2 mL of 10%aqueous NaOH solution. The solution was filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated, the residue was purified by chromatography to give themixture of compounds 43c and 43cA (1.1 g, 31%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃):δ7.21 (m, 0.5H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 0.5H), 6.84 (m, 2H), 4.53 (m,1H), 4.51 (m, 2H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m,1H).

Preparation of Compound 43d

To a solution of 2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanol (1.1 g, 6.5mmol) and CBr₄ (5.3 g, 16.2 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added PPh₃ (4.2 g,16.2 mmol) at 0° C. in portions. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved inEt₂O, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the crudeproduct, which was purified by chromatography to afford the mixture ofcompounds 43d and 43dA (2.5 g, 48%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.36 (m,1H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 0.5H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.46 (s,1H), 3.66 (t, 2H), 3.58 (t, 1H), 3.29 (t, 2H), 3.20 (t, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 43e

To a solution of 2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-1-bromomethyl-4-fluoro-benzene (500mg, 1.7 mmol) and 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (360 mg, 1.7 mmol)in THF (60 mL) was added NaH (102 mg, 2.6 mmol), and the mixture wasrefluxed for 1.5 hour. The reaction was cooled, quenched with ice-water,and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated, the residue was purified bypreparative TLC to afford the compound 43e (280 mg, 47%). ¹H NMR (400MHz CDCl₃): δ7.89 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.95 (m, 1H),6.76 (m, 2H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.42 (m, 1H),2.04 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 43f

To a solution of6-bromo-6′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in dried CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) was added TiCl₄(0.87 mL, 1 M solution in DCM, 0.87 mmol) dropwise within 15 minutes atroom temperature. After the mixture was stirred for another 1 h,bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (220 mg, 1.16 mmol) was added dropwise.The resulting mixture was stirred overnight, poured into ice-water, andextracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layer was washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 43f(170 mg, crude), which was used for the next step without furtherpurification.

Preparation of Compound 43 g

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (19.5 mg, 0.23 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (5mL) was added NaOMe (25 wt % in MeOH, 45 μL, 0.21 mmol) and(E)-N-(5-bromo-6′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide(85 mg, 0.23 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. Afterfilteration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC and preparative HPLC to afford the compound 43 g (30mg, 32%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.92-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.83 (m, 4H),7.39 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d, 3H), 3.28 (m, 1H),3.02 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.84 (m, 3H), 1.89-2.23 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 43

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treatedsequentially with the solution of compound 43 g (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) indioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.09 mL), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (18mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was heated at 100° C. under N₂ in microwavefor 10 minutes, concentrated, and purified by preparative TLC to givecompound 43 (4.69 mg, 15%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.94 (m, 2H),7.62-7.81 (m, 4H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.86 (m, 2H), 3.46 (m,3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 0.5H), 2.12(m, 0.5H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 1H); ESI MS: m/z 439 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 26 Preparation of Compound 33

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 33a

To a solution of AlCl₃ (195 g, 1.48 mol) in dichloroethane (200 mL) wasadded acetyl chloride (103 g, 1.56 mol) and 1,2-difluoro-4-methylbenzene(100 g, 0.78 mol) dropwise in cooling ice bath. After the completion ofthe addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours,added to ice water, extracted with DCM, washed with aqueous 5% HCl andsaturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution, dried with Na₂SO₄, and concentratedto give the crude compound 33a (80 g, crude). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD):δ7.50 (m, 1H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33b

To a solution of 1-(4,5-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)ethanone (44 g, 256mmol) in dioxane (500 mL) was added NaOCl (63%, 7.3 mmol) at 5° C., andthe mixture was stirred in iced water bath for 2 hours. Na₂SO₃ wasadded, and the reaction mixture was extracted with DCM, washed with 20%HCl, dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The organic layer was concentratedto give the crude compound 33b (40 g, 90%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD):δ7.86 (m, 1H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33c

To a solution of 4,5-difluoro-2-methylbenzoic acid (10 g, 0.1 mol) inMeOH (30 mL) was added H₂SO₄ (5 mL) dropwise at 0° C., and the mixturewas stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was acidified toPH=8 with NaHCO₃, and the residue was extracted with EA. The organiclayer was washed brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give thecompound 33c (8.9 g, 82%).

Preparation of Compound 33d

The mixture of methyl 4,5-difluoro-2-methylbenzoate (8.9 g, 48 mmol),NBS (9.35 g, 52.8 mmol) and AIBN (790 mg, 4.8 mmol) in CCl₄ (100 mL) wasstirred at 80° C. for overnight, and filtrated. The filtrate wasextracted with CHCl₃, washed with aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33d (12.8 g, crude).¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.84 (m, 1H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 3.95(s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33e

To a solution of methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzoate (12.8 g, 48mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) was added NaCN (4.2 N, 11.4 mL) dropwise, and themixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2 hours. After concentration, theresidue was dissolved in EA. The solution was washed with H₂O and brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33e (5 g, 50%).¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.95 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 3.91(s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33f

A mixture of methyl 2-(cyanomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzoate (5 g, 24 mmol)in H₂SO₄ (50 mL) was stirred at 100° C. under N₂ overnight, cooled to65° C., added MeOH (50 mL), and stirred for 4 hours. The mixture wascooled, acidified to PH 7-8 with NaHCO₃, extracted with EA, washedbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33f (5g, 87%).

Preparation of Compound 33g

To a solution of 2-(carboxymethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzoic acid (5 g, 20mmol) in ether (250 mL) was added LAH (3.04 g, 82 mmol), and the mixturewas refluxed overnight. The mixture was cooled in ice bath, added water(3 mL) carefully, and followed by addition of 2N NaOH (3 mL). Themixture was filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated to give thecrude compound 33g (3.5 g, 90%).

Preparation of Compound 33h

To a solution of 2-(4,5-difluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (3.5 g,18.5 mmol) and tetrabromomethane (15 g, 46.3 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) wasadded triphenylphosphine (12 g, 46.3 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 18 hours. After concentration, theresidue was dissolved in Et₂O, the organic layer was concentrated togive the crude compound 33h (2.3 g, 40%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.19(m, 1H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.62 (t, 2H), 3.21 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 33i

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (1.6 g, 7.4 mmol),1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(bromomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzene (2.3 g, 7.4 mmol)in THF (50 mL) was added NaH (360 mg, 15 mmol) at room temperature, andthe mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched withwater, concentrated, extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33i (600 mg, 22%). ¹H-NMR(400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.88 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.21 (m,1H), 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.75 (m, 1H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m,1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.55 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 33j

To a solution of3-(6′,7′-difluoro-1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile(150 mg, 0.41 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (151 mg, 0.83 mmol)dropwise. After the mixture was stirred at 50° C. under Ar₂ undermicrowave for 10 minutes,N,N-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (157 mg, 0.83 mmol)was added dropwise. After being stirred at 60° C. under Ar₂ in microwavefor 10 minutes, the mixture was poured into ice-water (10 mL). Theaqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, the organic layer was dried andconcentrated to give the crude compound 33j (100 mg, 63%).

Preparation of Compound 33k

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (19 mg, 0.23 mmol)in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (0.05 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH) and compound33j (100 mg, 0.26 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, the mixturewas concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved with DCM, afterfiltration and concentration, the crude product was purified bypreparative TLC to give the compound 33k (58 mg, 52%).

Preparation of Compound 33

The mixture of compound 33k (58 mg, 0.13 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronicacid (39 mg, 0.26 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.5 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg, 0.01mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was refluxed under Ar₂ for 30 minutes. Afterconcentration in vacuo, the residue was purified by TLC and HPLC to givecompound 33 (2.53 mg, 4.15%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.98 (m, 2H),7.63-7.82 (m, 4H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 6.89-7.12 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.08(m, 2H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.87 (m, 1.7H), 2.44 (m, 0.6H), 1.75-2.16(m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 457 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 27 Preparation of Compound 4

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 4a

A steel clave was charged with6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (500 mg,1.62 mmol), KCN (211 mg, 3.25 mol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.67 g, 12.15 mol).Formamide (25 mL) was added to fill the tube completely. The mixture washeated at 80° C. for 72 h, cooled, and poured into ice. Afteracidification with concentrated HCl solution, the mixture was filtrated,the solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and washed with water for 2times. The combined organic phases were dried, and concentrated to givecompound 4a (500 mg, 81%), which was used for the next step withoutpurification. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.32 (m, 1H), 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.10 (m, 1H),3.33 (m, 3H), 3.00 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.21-1.41 (m, 5H).

Preparation of Compound 4b

A suspension of compound 4a (450 mg, 1.19 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(481 mg, 1.19 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (9 mL) was heated under 120° C.for 35 minutes in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, and the residue was purified by column to give the compound 4b(220 mg, 47%).

Preparation of Compound 4c

To a solution of compound 4b (150 mg, 0.381 mmol) in MeOH (9 mL) wasadded a solution of NaOH (1.143 mL, 0.6 N). After being stirred for 5min., MeI (0.27 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at60° C. for 15 minutes in microwave. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC to give thecompound 4c (50 mg, 31%).

Preparation of Compound 4d

A solution of compound 4c (70 mg, 0.166 mmol), NH₄I (60 mg, 0.415 mmol)in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (6 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEMtube in a microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture wasconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DCM, filtrated, andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give the compound 4d (20 mg,31%), which was used for the next step without purification. ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃): δ7.42 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 3.33(m, 3H), 3.20 (m, 3H), 3.01 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.51-1.70 (m, 3H),1.32 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 4d (20 mg, 0.051 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid(15 mg, 0.102 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.30 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ was stirred in microwave at 120° C. for 35minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, the residuewas purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 4 (2.81 mg,13%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): δ8.00 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.71 (m, 4H), 7.50 (m, 1H),3.33-3.41 (m, 4H), 3.25 (m, 3H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m,1H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=415 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 28 Preparation of Compound 49

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 49b

To a solution of dimethyl compound 49a (240 g, 1.37 mol) in anhydrousMeOH (1000 mL) was added NaBH₄ (28 g, 0.73 mmol) 0° C. The temperaturewas rised to room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at thistemperature for 1.5 hr. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the crudeproduct was purified by silica gel column to give the compound 49b (150g, 60%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ4.55-4.96 (m. 1H), 3.70-3.74 (s, 6H),2.60-2.55 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 49c

A solution of dimethyl compound 49b (20 g, 106 mmol), Ag₂O (40 g, 169mmol) and EtI (40 g, 254 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) was refluxed overnight.The mixture was filtered, and concentrated in vacuo, and purified bysilica gel column to give the compound 49c (20.6 g, 30%).

Preparation of Compound 49d

To a solution of LAH (13.7 g, 404 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 mL) wasadded dropwise a solution of dimethyl compound 49c (20.6 g, 101 mmol) inanhydrous THF (50 mL) under N₂ at 0° C. The temperature was rised toroom temperature, and the mixture was stirred overnight. 2 N NaOH (100mL) was added dropwise, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate(100 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to give the compound 49d (10.6 g, 71%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz):δ3.71-3.82 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.21 (s, 1H), 1.69-1.75 (m,4H), 1.11-1.22 (m, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 5

A solution of compound 49d (10.6 g, 71.6 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was addedSOCl₂ (34.1 g, 296.4 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was refluxed overnight,and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the compound 49e (13 g,100%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ3.39-3.65 (m, 6H), 1.70-1.95 (m, 4H),1.05-1.12 (m, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 49f

A solution of compound 49e (13 g, 70.6 mmol) and NaI (42.3 g, 282.4mmol) in acetone (130 mL) was refluxed overnight. The mixture wasfiltered, and concentrated to give the compound 49f (crude 28 g), whichwas used for the next step directly.

Preparation of Compound 49g

To a solution of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (3.5 g, 16.7 mmol)in DMF (15 mL) was added NaH (1.2 g, 50.1 mmol) at 0° C. After beingstirred for 15 minutes, the mixture was added 3-ethoxy-1,5-diiodopentane(8.8 g, 16.7 mmol) 0° C., and stirred at room temperature overnight.Water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (150 mL×3). The organic layer was washed by water (50 mL×3), andorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo, andpurified by silica gel column to give the compound 49g (700 mg, 10%). ¹HNMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ7.78-7.82 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.67 (t, 1H), 7.25-7.29(d, 1H), 3.50-3.55 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (s, 2H),1.89-2.15 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 49g

A mixture of compound 49g (120 mg, 0.37 mmol), 3,5-dicyanophenylboronicacid (110 mg, 0.75 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.5 mL) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (25 mg) in1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 20 minutes. The separatedorganic layer was concentrated in vacuo and purified by prepare TLC togive the compound 49h (108 mg, 84%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ7.50-7.95(m, 7H), 3.50-3.55 (1, H), 3.39-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (s, 2H),1.90-2.20 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 49i

To a solution of compound 49h (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (2 mL)was added TiCl₄ (0.6 mL, 1 mol/L) dropwise in 15 minutes at roomtemperature. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, addedN,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (123 mg, 0.6 mmol),and stirred at room temperature for another 18 hr. Ethyl acetate (2 mL)was added, and the mixture was filtered and purified by prep TLC to givethe crude compound 49i (90 mg, 84%).

Preparation of Compound 49

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (19 mg 0.23 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (1 ml)was added NaOMe (0.21 mmol) and compound 9 (84 mg, 0.23 mmol). Themixture was stirred for 5 minutes and purified by preparative TLC andHPLC to give compound 49 (2.52 mg, 3%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD):δ7.91-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.80 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.48 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.63 (s,1H), 3.45-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.35 (s, 3H), 1.40-2.25 (m, 7H); ESI MS:m/z=417 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 29 Preparation of Compound 11

Experimental Data

A steel autoclave was charged with compound 11a (700 mg, 2.27 mmol), KCN(294 mg, 4.53 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.63 g, 16.98 mmol). Formamide (25mL) was added to fill the tube completely. The mixture was heated at 80°C. for 72 h, cooled, and poured into ice. After acidification withconcentrated HCl solution (30 mL), the mixture was filtrated. The solidwas dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL), and washed with water (2×150mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to givethe compound 11b (550 mg, yield 61%) as a white solid, which was usedfor the next step directly without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz):δ7.80 (s, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.21 (m,2H), 2.92 (s, 1H), 1.91-2.26 (m, 3H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.33(m, 2H), 1.21 (m, 3H), 0.80 (m, 1H).

A suspension of compound 11b (1 g, 2.64 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(1.68 g, 2.64 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) was heated at 120° C. for35 min. in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, and purified by column (petroleum ether/EA=8/1-5/1) to give thecompound 11c as a yellow solid (390 mg, yield 37%).

To a solution of compound 11c (200 mg, 0.51 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) wasadded NaOH solution (1.5 mL, 0.6 N). After being stirred for 5 min., themixture was added MeI (0.36 mL), and stirred at room temperature foranother 10 minutes and at 60° C. for 15 minutes in a CEM microwavereactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether/EA=5/1) to give the compound 11d (80mg, yield 37%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ7.31 (d, J=8.1Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.13-2.92(m, 6H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.69 (t, 1H), 1.51 (m, 1H),1.39-1.26 (m, 3H), 1.08 (m, 1H).

A solution of compound 11d (45 mg, 0.107 mmol) and NH₄I (78 mg, 0.535mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated invacuum, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. After filtration, thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the compound 11e (25 mg, 60%)as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly withoutpurification. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.51 (d, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 3.39(m, 5H), 3.15 (4, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.55(m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 3H).

A 10 mL flask was charged with a solution of compound 11e (20 mg, 0.051mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ solution (2 N, 0.1 mL),3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (21 mg, 0.102 mmol) andPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) under N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was heated at 120°C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 minutes, and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=10/1) and HPLCto give compound 11 (2.25 mg, yield 9%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.66(m, 2H), 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.11 (m, 6H),2.09 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.31 (m, 5H); ESI MS: m/z 474 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 30 Preparation of Compound 14

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 4 described in example27, compound 14 (3.5 mg, yield 13%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ7.68 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 3.49(s, 3H), 3.32-3.14 (m, 6H), 2.21 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.26 (m,5H); ESI MS: m/z=441 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 31 Preparation of Compound 52

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 52a

MeI (4.46 mL, 71.6 mmol) was added to a solution of1,5-dichloropentan-3-ol (1.9 g, 12.2 mmol) and Ag₂O (7.5 g, 32.3 mmol)in DMF (25 mL) at 20-30° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight, and filtered. The filtrate was extracted with Et₂O for 3times, and the combined organic layers were washed with H₂O, dried, andconcentrated to give the crude compound 52a (1.3 g, 63%), which was useddirectly without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 52c

To a solution of compound 52b (336 mg, 1.5 mmol) in DMF was added NaH(150 mg, 60%, 3.75 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 hat the same temperature. Compound 52a (510 mg, 3 mmol) was added, andthe mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture wasquenched with ice water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer wasconcentrated, the residue was purified with preparative TLC to give thecompound 52c (50 mg, 10%).

Preparation of Compound 52d

To a solution of compound 52c (34 mg, 0.23 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.8mL) in 1,4-dioxane (1.5 mL) under N₂ was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (15 mg). Themixture was stirred at 100° C. for 6 h. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the organic layer was dried, and concentrated. The residuewas purified by TLC to give the compound 52d (25 mg, 47%).

Preparation of Compound 52e

To a solution of compound 52d (25 mg, 0.07 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (28 mg). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a microwavereactor for 6 minutes, and bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (30 mg, 0.16mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. in amicrowave reactor for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured intoice-water, and extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases weredried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the filtrate was concentratedto give the crude compound 52e (30 mg, 116% crude).

Preparation of Compound 52

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (7 mg, 0.08 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (1 mL) was added NaOMe (25% in MeOH, 6 drops) andcompound 52e (30 mg, 0.08 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, thesolvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparativeHPLC to give compound 52 (1.07 mg, 3%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.95(m, 2H), 7.74 (m, 2H), 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1H), 3.45 (d, 6H), 2.92(m, 1H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 3H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 3H), 1.43(m, 1H), 1.35 (m, 1H); ESI MS: m/z=417 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 32 Preparation of Compound 13

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 13a

To the solution of compound 13a (5 g, 29.4 mmol) in acetone (62.5 mL)was added sodium iodide (17.64 g, 117.6 mmol). The mixture was refluxedovernight, and filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residuewas dissolved in DCM (100 mL). After filtration, the filtrate wasconcentrated to give the compound 13b (9.6 g, 93%). ¹H-NMR (400 HzCDCl₃): δ3.39 (m, 3H), 3.22-3.30 (m, 5H), 1.95-2.00 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 13d

A solution of compound 13c (4.75 g, 22.6 mmol) and compound 13b (9.6 g,27.1 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) was added NaH (2.71 g, 60%, 67.8 mmol) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, quenched withwater, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to givethe compound 13d (900 mg, 12%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.80 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m,1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.34 (m, 3H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m,2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 13e

To a solution of compound 13d (700 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (18 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (4.55 mL, 4.55 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 h atroom temperature, and bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (1.12 mL, 5.00mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight, pouredinto ice-water, and extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases weredried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentratedto give the crude compound 13e (700 mg, 93%).

Preparation of Compound 13f

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (177 mg, 2.11 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH 35 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 1.05 mL) andcompound 13e (700 mg, 2.11 mmol). After being stirred for 25 minutes,the solvent was removed, and the residue was dispended in DCM (50 mL),and the precipitate was filtered off. The solvent was removed, and theresidue was purified by TLC to give the compound 13f (1 g, 125% crude).¹H-NMR (400 Hz CDCl₃): δ7.45 (m, 2H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 3H), 3.20(m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H),1.45-1.62 (m, 3H), 1.35 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 13

A mixture of compound 13f (20 mg, 0.053 mmol),3-chloro-4-fluorophenylboronic acid (14 mg, 0.08 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M,0.300 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ wasstirred in a microwave reactor at 120° C. for 18 minutes. The reactionmixture was concentrated under vacuum, and the residue was purified bypreparative TLC and HPLC to give the compound 13 (2.67 mg, 12%). ¹H-NMR(400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.55-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.60 (m,1H), 7.30-7.45 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.30-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.25(m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H),1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=430 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 33 Preparation of Compound 5

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example32, compound 5 (1.79 mg, 8%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.90-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.35-7.50 (m,1H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.10 (d, 1H), 2.00-2.20(m, 2H), 1.60-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=412 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 34 Preparation of Compound 19

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example32, compound 19 (2.16 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.90-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.20 (m,2H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05(m, 2H), 2.30-2.45 (d, 6H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H),1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=406 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 35 Preparation of Compound 6

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example32, compound 6 (1.82 mg, 8%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m,6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95(m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=446 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 36 Preparation of Compound 20

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example32, compound 20 (2.06 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.80-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.80 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.45 (m,6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95(m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=446 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 36a Preparation of Compound 32

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example35, compound 32 (9.28 mg, 42%) was. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.60-7.70(m, 1H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 1H), 6.85-7.05 (m, 2H),3.23-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.18 (m,4.3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS:m/z=410 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 37 Preparation of Compound 9

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example32, compound 9 (2.46 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.65-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.40 (m,1H), 3.23-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.18(m, 4.3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESIMS: m/z=462 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 38 Preparation of Compound 8

A mixture of compound 13f (20 mg, 0.053 mmol),3-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)benzonitrile (20 mg,0.08 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.300 mL), and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ was stirred at 100° C. for 90 minutes. Thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, the residue was purified bypreparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 8 (1.85 mg, 8%). ¹H-NMR (400Hz CD₃OD): δ 7.85-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.85 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 1H),7.40-7.50 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m,2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 4H); ESI MS:m/z=421 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 39 Preparation of Compound 12

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example35, compound 12 (2.73 mg, 12%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.90-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.45 (m,6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95(m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=421 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 40 Preparation of Compound 68

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 68b

To a solution of NaH (5.4 g, 0.135 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was addeddropwise a solution of compound 68a (9.48 g, 0.045 mol) in THF (20 mL)at −30° C. The mixture was stirred at −30° C. for 0.5 h,1,5-diiodo-3-methoxypentane (15.8 g, 0.045 mol) was added dropwise, andthe mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixturewas concentrated in vacuo, and purified by preparative TLC and HPLC togive the compound 68b (220 mg, 2%).

Preparation of Compound 68c

To a solution of compound 68b (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) wasadded TiCl₄ (0.8 mL, 0.8 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1h, (TMSN)₂C (150 mg, 0.8 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred atambient temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with water,extracted by DCM, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to givethe compound 68c (96 mg, 95%).

Preparation of Compound 68d

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (24 mg, 0.284 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (10ml) was added NaOMe (138 mg) and compound 68c (95 mg, 0.284 mol). Themixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, quenched with water,extracted by DCM, and concentrated in vacuo to give the compound 68dwithout other purification (60 mg, 50%).

Preparation of Compound 68

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example35, compound 68 (2.11 mg, 3%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ8.00-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.85-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.70 (m,1H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 6H), 2.10-2.25(m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 2H); ESIMS: m/z=405 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 41 Preparation of Compound 38

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg, 0.014 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.3 mL) and3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (15 mg, 0.073 mmol) were added toa solution of compound 1 (15 mg, 0.036 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) in a10 mL tube under Ar₂. The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a microwavereactor for 20 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, andthe residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 38(4.59 mg, 28%). ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.95-8.05 (m, 0.4H), 7.70-7.80(m, 2H), 7.60-7.65 (m, 0.6H), 7.45-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.40 (m, 1H),7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.35-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m,2H), 2.65-2.90 (m, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS:m/z=494 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 42 Preparation of Compound 39

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 39 (1.40 mg, 27%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.95-8.05 (m, 0.4H), 7.75-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.75 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.50(m, 0.6H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 3H),2.95-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.70 (m,2H); ESI MS: m/z=478 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 43 Preparation of Compound 17

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 17 (2.78 mg, 8%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.70-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.05-7.15 (m,4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85(m, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 2.5H), 1.45-1.70 (m, 1.6H); ESI MS: m/z=444[M+H]⁺.

Alternatively, a solution containing compound 17a (105 mg, 0.255 mmol)and compound 1A (60 mg, 0.384 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL), and aqueousCs2CO3 (2 M, 1.8 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogenthrough the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl2(PPh3)2 (18 mg) wasadded. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwavereactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through ashort Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 17 (48.2 mg,42%) as a white solid. LC-MS tR=1.178, 1.241 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 444 [M+H]+; 1H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.62-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.00-7.27 (m,4H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.90-3.10 (m, 3H), 2.61-2.75 (m, 2H), 1.77-2.08 (m,3H), 1.41-1.84 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 44 Preparation of Compound 23

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 23 (1.57 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.4H), 7.65-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.60 (m, 1.6H), 7.30-7.40(m, 1H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H),2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.75 (m,2H); ESI MS: m/z=462 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 45 Preparation of Compound 15

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 15 (1.51 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 1.6H), 7.20-7.40(m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H),2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m,2H); ESI MS: m/z=462 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 46 Preparation of Compound 21

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 21 (1.51 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 1.7H), 7.55-7.65 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.55(m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 4H),2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m,2H); ESI MS: m/z=478 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 47 Preparation of Compound 10

A mixture of compound 10a (20 mg, 0.049 mmol),3-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzonitrile(19.20 mg, 0.073 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.300 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg)in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ was stirred at 120° C. in a microwavereactor for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum,the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 10(2.10 mg, 9%). ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.85-8.10(m, 2.6H), 7.75-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 0.7H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H),3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m,2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=469 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 48 Preparation of Compound 27

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 27 (1.08 mg, 3%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.85-7.95 (m, 0.5H), 7.55-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.45 (m, 0.6H), 6.85-7.20(m, 7H), 3.75-3.80 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H),2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m,2H); ESI MS: m/z=474 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 49 Preparation of Compound 1

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 10 described in Example47, compound 1 (2.8 mg, 14%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.85-7.95 (m, 0.3H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.55 (m, 3.5H), 3.30-3.40(m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.10 (m, 2H),2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 4H); ESI MS: m/z=430[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 50 Preparation of Compound 2

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 2 (2.8 mg, 14%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.85-7.95 (m, 0.3H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.55 (m, 3.5H), 3.30-3.40(m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.10 (m, 2H),2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 4H); ESI MS: m/z=430[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 51 Preparation of Compound 7

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example41, compound 7 (1.23 mg, 4.1%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD):δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.5H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.45 (m, 0.6H), 7.10-7.20(m, 1H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.90 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.45 (m, 6H),3.00-3.25 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.55 (m,3H); ESI MS: m/z=442 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 52 Preparation of Compound 36

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 36b

A mixture of compound 36a (50 g, 410 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL),and KOH (25 g, 445 mmol) in H₂O (50 mL) was refluxed for three days. Theorganic layer was separated, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, washed with aqueousNaOH solution and with water, and concentrated to give the compound 36b(47 g, 63%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.82 (m, 1H), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.06(m, 1H) 6.94 (d, 1H), 4.33 (t, 2H), 3.87 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36c

To a solution of compound 36b (10 mg, 54.3 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) wasadded NaBH₄ (3.0 g, 81.5 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 h, and concentrated. Water (100 mL) was addedat 0° C., and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). Theorganic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated to give the compound 36c (10 g, 99%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.28(m, 2H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 6.83 (m, 1H), 4.69 (m, 2H), 4.38 (t, 2H), 3.83(t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36d

To a solution of compound 36c (10 g, 53.7 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was addedSOCl₂ (51 g, 430 mmol) dropwise at 0° C., and the reaction mixture wasrefluxed overnight. The solution was concentrated, and the residue wasdiluted NH₄OH and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to affordthe compound 36d (3.8 g, 35%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.73 (m, 1H),7.36 (m, 1H), 7.06 (t, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 4.33 (t, 2H),3.89 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36e

To a solution of compound 36d (1 g, 4.88 ooml) in propan-2-one (25 mL)was added NaI (2.2 g, 14.63 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed for 2hour. The mixture was filtered, and concentrated. The residue wasdissolved in EtOAc (50 mL), and the solution was washed with water (30mL). The organic layer was dried, and concentrated to give the compound36e (1.5 g, 79%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.34 (d, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H),6.93 (t, 1H), 6.81 (d, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.31 (m, 2H), 3.92 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36f

To a solution of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (500 mg, 2.37 mmol) in DMF (15 mL)was added NaH (190 mg, 4.74 mmol) at 0° C. After being stirred for 30minutes, compound 36e (919 mg, 2.37 mmol) was added, and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched withwater, and extracted with TBME. The organic layer was washed with water,brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by preparative TLC to afford the compound 36f (145 mg 18%). ¹HNMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.88 (s, 1H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.01 (d,4H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 4.48 (m, 2H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d,1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.92 (m, 3H), 2.51 (t, 1H), 2.36 (d, 1H), 1.61(d, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 36g

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treatedsequentially with the solution of the compound 36f (105 mg, 0.305 mmol)in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ solution (2 N, 0.3 mL), and3-cyanophenylboronic acid (90 mg, 0.61 mmol). The mixture was heated at100° C. under N₂ in microwave for 10 minutes. The organic layer wasconcentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLCto give the compound 36g (98 mg, 96%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.95 (s,1H), 7.80 (m, 4H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m,4H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 3.72 (m, 1H), 3.43 (d, 2H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.88 (m,2H), 2.53 (t, 1H), 2.41 (d, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 36h

To a solution of compound 36g (70 mg, 0.19 mmol) in drying CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL)was added TiCl₄ (1 M solution in DCM, 0.38 mL) at room temperaturedropwise within 15 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, addedbis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (109 mg, 0.58 mmol) dropwise, stirredovernight, poured into ice-water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. Thecombined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 36h (80 mg, crude),which was used for the next step without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 36

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (17 mg, 0.206 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (3 mL)was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 100 mg, 0.185 mmol) and compound 36h (80mg, 0.206 mmol) at room temperature. After being stirred for 10 minutes,the solvent was removed in vacuum, the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂.After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue waspurified by preparative TLC and HPLC to afford the compound 36 (5.08 mg,6%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ8.02 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.93 (m, 4H), 7.38 (m,1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 3H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 3.7 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m,3H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.46 (m, 1H), 1.73-2.11 (m, 1H);ESI MS: m/z 437 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 53 Preparation of Compound 63

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 63b

A solution of compound 63a (1 g, 4.46 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NaH(393 mg, 9.81 mmol) in ice water bath, and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 30 min., and compound 1A was added dropwise. Themixture was stirred overnight, quenched with water, and extracted withCH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated to give the compound 63b (100 mg, 5%).

Preparation of Compound 63c

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (30 mg) in a 10 mL of tube was treated sequentially with asolution of compound 63b (100 mg, 354 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL),Cs₂CO₃ solution (2 N, 0.6 mL), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (83 mg, 147mmol) under Ar₂ atmosphere. The mixture was heated in microwave at 120°C. for 25 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, theresidue was purified by preparative TLC to give the compound 63c (20 mg,18%).

Preparation of Compound 63d

To a solution of compound 63c (20 mg, 0.053 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂, (3 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (39.5 mg, 0.2 mmol) dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at50° C. at Ar₂ in microwave for 20 minutes, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (18 mg, 0.096 mmol) was added dropwise. Themixture was stirred at 60° C. under Ar₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, andpoured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted withCH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried, and concentrated to give the crudecompound 63d (20 mg), which was used for the next step directly withoutpurification.

Preparation of Compound 63

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.2 mg, 0.05mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (2.43 mg, 25% in MeOH) and(E)-N-(7′-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′,5,6,8,9-hexahydro-1′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-naphtha-lene]-1′-ylidene)cyanamide(20 mg, 0.053 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent wasremoved in vacuo to give the crude compound, which was purified bypreparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 63 (0.41 mg, 2%). ¹H-NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.92 (t, 2H), 7.60-7.74 (m, 4H), 7.41 (t, 1H), 7.09 (m,4H), 3.33 (d, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 3.00 (t, 2H), 2.69 (d, 2H), 2.32 (t,2H), 1.58 (t, 2H), 1.47 (d, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 449 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 54 Preparation of Compound 3

By using the same synthetic procedure as compound 76a in Example 56,compound 3 (4.5 mg, 12%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHzCD₃OD): δ7.59 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),3.38 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 3H), 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 2.16(m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 4H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.76 (m, 2H); ESI MS:366 [M+H]⁺.

Alternatively, compound 3 can be prepared according to the followingscheme:

A solution containing compound 3a (300 mg, 0.789 mmol) and compound 3A(560 mg, 1.58 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling astream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then,PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placedinto CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 30 min. Afterbeing cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc (50 mL) and aqueous CsF (4.0 M, 50 mL), and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC toafforded compound 3 (93 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.084 minand 1.143 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 366.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.22-7.26 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13-7.15 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.78-2.88 (q, J=16.0Hz, J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 1.99-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.60 (m,2H), 1.41-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.86-0.92 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.75(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 55 Preparation of Compound 16

By using the same synthetic procedure as compound 4 described in Example27, compound 16 (2.3 mg, yield 8%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ7.53 (d, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.99 (m, 1H), 6.83 (m,1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.12 (m, 6H), 1.88-2.06 (m, 2H),1.76 (d, 1H), 1.38 (m, 3H), 1.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 454 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 56 Preparation of Compound 76

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 76a

A dry three-necked round bottom flask equipped with a condenser wascharged with 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(1.8 g, 5.8 mmol), TEA (30 mL) and DEA (6 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. Tothis solution was added CuI (60 mg, 0.3 mmol), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (210 mg,0.3 mmol). After being degassed once again, the cyclopropyl acetylene (3mL, excess) was added, and the mixture was heated at 50° C. (oil bath)with stirring for 15 hours. After evaporation, the residue waspartitioned with EtOAC (50 mL) and water (30 mL), and the aqueous layerwas extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated underreduced pressure, and the crude product was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with 5%˜20% EtOAc in hexane toafford the compound 76a (1.55 g, 87% purity), which was purified bypreparative HPLC to yield give the pure compound 1 (0.88 g, 51%) as awhite solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ7.66 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 2H),2.08 (m, 2H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.52 (s, 1H), 1.38 (m, 5H), 0.82 (m, 2H),0.71 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 76b

A steel clave was charged with a mixture of6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (600 mg, 2.04 mmol), KCN (266 mg,4.08 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (689 mg, 15.29 mmol). Formamide (20 mL) wasadded to fill tube completely. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72h, and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice. Afteracidification with concentrated aqueous HCl solution (20 mL), themixture was filtrated to give the solid, which was dissolved in ethylacetate (600 mL) and washed with water (150 mL×2). The organic phase wasdried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the compound 76b (660 mg,80%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly withoutpurification. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.59 (s, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.16(m, 2H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 2.92-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.97 (m,2H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.25 (m, 2H), 0.82(m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 76c

A suspension of compound 76b (660 mg, 1.81 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(730 mg, 1.81 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (60 mL) was heated at 120° C. for35 minutes in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silicagel eluting with PE/EA=5/1 to give the compound 76c as a yellow solid(330 mg, 47%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.96 (s, 1H), 7.27 (m, 1H),7.08-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H),2.92-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.35 (m, 5H), 1.26 (m,1H), 0.81 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 76d

To a solution of compound 76c (300 mg, 0.786 mmol) in CH₃CN (30 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (434 mg, 3.14 mmol). After being stirred for 5 minutes, MeI(462 mg, 3.14 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at60° C. for 10 minutes in microwave, and at 100° C. for another 10minutes. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (PE/EA=5/1) to givethe compound 76d (150 mg, 47%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz):δ7.18 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.14(m, 1H), 2.98-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 1.78-1.92 (m,3H), 1.65 (t, 1H), 1.46 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.36 (m, 3H), 1.08 (m, 1H), 0.74(m, 2H), 0.67 (m, 2H).

3. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 76

A solution of compound 76d (150 mg, 0.37 mmol), NH₄I (531 mg, 3.7 mmol)in NH₃/EtOH (15 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated invacuum, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (DCM/MeOH=10/1)and preparative HPLC to give compound 76 (92 mg, 66%) as a white solid.¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.19 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H),3.2.98-3.12 (m, 6H), 1.91-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.57 (m, 1H),1.21-1.43 (m, 5H), 0.82 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 378 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 57 Preparation of Compound 31

Experimental Data

A mixture of compound 31a (2.17 g, 10.35 mmol) and compound 31A (6 g,20.7 mmol) in DMF (17.5 mL) was added NaH (910 mg, 60%, 22.75 mmol) at0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, quenchedwith water (5 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The organic layerwas dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified by columnchromatography to give the compound 31b (250 mg, yield 7%) as a yellowsolid.

To a solution of compound 31b (200 mg, 0.59 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (26 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (2.35 mL, 2.35 mmol). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h, and compound 31B (245.7 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added.The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, poured intoice-water (5 mL), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL). The combinedorganic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated to give the compound 31c (200 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (11.5 mg, 0.137 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (2.5 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 0.07 mL) andcompound 31c (50 mg, 0.137 mmol). After being stirred for 20 minutes,the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved inCH₂Cl₂ (10 mL). The mixture was filtered, concentrated, and purified bypre-TLC and HPLC to give the compound 31 (4.99 mg, yield 9%) as a whitesolid. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.60-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.10-7.13 (m, 4H), 3.32 (m, 3H), 2.97-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.78 (m,2H), 2.05-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.68 (m, 3H); ESI MS:m/z 412 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 58 Preparation of Compound 35

Experimental Data

The solution of LDA (6.5 mL, 11.7 mmol, 1.8M in THF) in THF (12.5 mL)was added the solution of compound 35a (1 g, 5.85 mmol) in THF (6 mL)slowly at −60° C. The mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 30 min., thesolution of compound 35b (1.55 g, 5.26 mmol)) in THF (5 mL) was addedslowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 1.5 h, quenchedwith water (10 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated, and purified by chromatography to give the compound 35c(1.85 g, yield 82%) as a yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.81 (m,1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.19 (m, 4H), 6.92 (m, 1H),2.99-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.10 (m, 2H),1.52-1.61 (m, 2H).

A 100 mL flask was charged with compound 35c (1.85 g, 4.77 mmol),Pd(OAc)₂ (0.140 g, 0.62 mmol), Ph₃P (0.363 g, 1.38 mmol), DMF (75 mL)and H₂O (8.33 mL). The resulting mixture was degassed, and Et₃N (0.578g, 5.72 mmol) was added under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirredat 130° C. for 4 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (20mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2×40 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, andpurified by chromatography to give the compound 35d (650 mg, yield 52%)as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.74 (m, J=8.2 Hz, 1H),7.58-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.09 (m,4H), 3.15 (s, 2H), 2.93-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.80 (br s, 2H), 1.79-1.86 (m,2H), 1.57-1.62 (m, 2H).

To a solution of compound 35d (100 mg, 0.38 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (7 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (1.53 mL, 1.53 mmol). This mixture was stirred at 50° C. for10 min in microwave, and added bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.187 mL,0.836 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 min. inmicrowave, TLC showed that the reaction was completed, the mixture waspoured into the ice-water (20 mL). The solution was extracted withCH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the compound 35e (100mg, yield 93%) as a yellow solid, which was used directly for the nextstep without purification.

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (14.5 mg, 0.175 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (3 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 0.090 mL, 0.157mmol) and compound 35e (50 mg, 0.175 mmol). After being stirred for 25minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and residue was dissolved inCH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was removed,the residue was purified by HPLC to give the compound 35 (3.4 mg, yield6%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.51-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.47(m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.17 (m, 4H) 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.12 (m,3H), 2.73-2.85 (s, 2H), 2.09-2.67 (m, 3H), 1.66-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.56(m, 1H); ESI MS: 515 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 59 Preparation of Compound 18

A solution of compound 18a (25 mg, 0.065 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) wasadded 3-pyridinylboronic acid (12 mg, 0.098 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2N, 0.5 mL),and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂(4.3 mg, 0.00065 mmol, under nitrogen atmosphere. Themixture was stirred in microwave at 120° C. for 15 min., TLC showed thereaction was completed, and the reaction mixture was concentrated, andpurified by Prep-TLC and Prep-HPLC to give compound 18 (5 mg, 20%) as awhite solid. ¹H-NMR: 68.78 (s, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.10 (m, 1H), 7.61 (m,1H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.94 (m,2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.49 (m, 4H); ESIMS: 379 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 60 Preparation of Compound 37

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 18 described in Example59, compound 37 (3.9 mg, yield 11%) was obtained as a white solid.¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.71-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.69 (m, 4H), 7.11-7.29(m, 2H), 3.25-3.36 (m, 6H), 3.11-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.90 (d, 1H),1.95-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.50 (m, 3H); ESI MS: 417[M+H]⁺.

Specific stereochemistry shown in Examples 1-60 was determined based onspectroscopic data and/or computer modeling study.

LCMS Method for Examples 61-409 and 411-433:

LCMS Chromatographic method: (2 min)

Column: Welch Xtimate C18 2.1*30 mm, 3 um

Mobile A 4 L H₂O (1.5 mL TFA) Phase B 4 L MeCN (0.75 mL TFA) TIME(min) A% B % 0 90 10 1.5 20 80 1.51 20 80 2 90 10 Flow Rate 1.2 mL/minWavelength UV220 Oven Tem. 50° C. MS ESI

LCMS Chromatographic method: (3 min)

Column: Welch Xtimate C18 2.1*30 mm, 3 um

Mobile A 4 L H₂O (1.5 mL TFA) Phase B 4 L MeCN (0.75 mL TFA) TIME(min) A% B % 0 90 10 1.35 20 80 2.25 20 80 2.26 90 10 3.00 90 10 Flow Rate 0.8mL/min Wavelength UV220 Oven Tem. 50° C. MS ESI

LCMS Chromatographic method: (7 min)

Column: Welch Xtimate C18 2.1*30 mm, 3 um

Mobile A 4 L H₂O (1.5 mL TFA) Phase B 4 L MeCN (0.75 mL TFA) TIME(min) A% B % 0 90 10 6 20 80 6.5 20 80 6.51 90 10 7 90 10 Flow Rate 0.8 mL/minWavelength UV220 Oven Tem. 50° C. MS ESI

EXAMPLE 61 Preparation of Compound 94

Step 1: preparation of6′-bromospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (94b)

In a flame dried 50 mL round bottom flask was placed6-bromo-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (500 mg, 2.252 mmol) andit was dissolved in dichloromethane (7.5 mL). To this solution wasbubbled 1,3-butadiene (excess). After stirring for 5 minutes, BF₃.OEt₂(414 μL, 3.377 mmol) was slowly added and the 1,3-butadiene stillbubbling (2-3 bubbles per second, for 2 minutes). After the 2 minutes,the reaction was quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ aq. (10 mL), and dilutedwith DCM (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL). The combined organic phaseswere washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as theeluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentratedunder reduce pressure yielding6′-bromospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (317 mg, 1.149mmol, 51% yield). M+H=276.9, 278.9 (bromine ion effect). ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃,400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.81-5.72 (m, 2H), 2.98 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H),2.86 (d, J_(A,B)=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.48-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.16 (m, 2H),1.93-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.46 (m, 1H).

Step 2: Preparation of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(94c)

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-bromospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (155 mg, 0.562mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (107 mg, 0.728 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (39mg, 0.056 mmol) and cesium carbonate (457 mg, 1.403 mmol). This solidmixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (5.6 mL, 6:1 ratio,respectively). The reaction vial was capped and allowed to stir at 90°C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celiteplug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (15 mL) and water (15mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phaseswere dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure.The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(125 mg, 0.418 mmol, 74% yield). M+H=299.9 ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ7.94 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 5.83-5.75 (m, 2H), 3.10 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz,1H), 2.97 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.49 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.25-2.20(m, 2H), 1.97-1.89 (m, 1H), 1. 84-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.50 (m, 1H)

Step 3: Preparation of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(94d)

To a 100 mL round bottom flask was placed3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(52 mg, 0.174 mmol) and it was dissolved in Ethyl Acetate (5 mL). Tothis solution was added Pearlmann's catalyst (10 mg, Pd/C). A three wayadapter was attached and one of the lines had a H₂ filled balloonattached. The system was flushed with H₂ and evacuated under vacuum for3 cycles. After 1 hour stirring at room temperatures, the startingalkene was consumed. The reaction was filtered through a celite cake andthe cake was rinsed with ethyl acetate (5 mL). The filtrate wasconcentrated yielding3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(49 mg, 0.163 mmol, 94% yield) and use as it is for the next reaction.M+H=302.1. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H),7.84-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.08(s, 2H), 1.85-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.71 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.36 (m, 5H).

Step 4: Preparation of compound 94

In a 20 mL vial was placed3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(49 mg, 0.163 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL).Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (326 μL, 0.326 mmol,1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperaturefor 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (117 μL, 0.521mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir overnight (˜14hours) at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice coldwater (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasback-extracted twice with dichloromethane (3 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated underreduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flamedried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (15 mg, 0.180 mmol) and it wasdissolved in MeOH (3 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (35 μL, 25%in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature.This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine preparedabove and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, thereaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crudematerial was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFAas the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated. The obtained oil was lyophilized yielding the finalproduct (1.65 mg, 0.004 mmol, 2% yield) as white solid. M+H=373.1. ¹HNMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.45 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.09-2.96 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.42 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 62 Preparation of Compound 95

In a 4 mL vial was placed6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (26 mg,0.084 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (1 mL/each).Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (177 μL, 0.177 mmol,1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperaturefor 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (61 μL, 0.272mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to stir 2 hours at roomtemperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL) anddiluted with DCM (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueousphase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (3 mL/each). Thecombined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄,filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene(2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (8mg, 0.096 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solutionwas added NaOMe (22 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe,to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1hour. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated underreduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson,10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated. The obtained oil waslyophilized yielding the final product (1.05 mg, 0.003 mmol, 3% yield)as white solid. M+H=381.9. ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.64-7.54 (m, 2H),7.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.94(m, 2H), 2.18-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.33 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 63 Preparation of Compound 96

Step 1: Preparation of6′-bromo-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(96b)

To a 4 mL vial was placed6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (41 mg,0.139 mmol) and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (1 mL/each). Thesolid was dissolved in DMF (1.5 mL). To this solution was added TBDPS-Cl(40 μL, 0.154 mmol) followed by imidazole (24 mg, 0.353 mmol). Thereaction was allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at room temperature.The reaction was quenched with H₂O (1 mL) and diluted with diethyl ether(1 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was backextracted twice with diethyl ether (2 mL/each). The combined organicphases were washed with H₂O, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography(ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). Thecorresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reducepressure yielding6′-bromo-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(58 mg, 0.109 mmol, 78% yield). M+H=did not ionized. ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400MHz) δ 7.83 (d, J=1.6 Hz 1H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 5H), 7.45-7.32 (m, 7H), 3.73(m, 1H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 1.93-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.37 (m,2H), 1.08 (s, 9H).

Step 2:4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(96c)

In a 50 mL round bottom flask was placed6′-bromo-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(58 mg, 0.109 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (21 mg, 0.143 mmol),PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8 mg, 0.011 mmol) and cesium carbonate (89 mg, 0.273mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.1mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The flask was capped and allowed to stirat 90° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through aCelite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (5 mL) and water(5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane twice (2 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanesas the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated under reduce pressure yielding4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(24 mg, 0.043 mmol, 39% yield).

M+H=556.0. ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.90-7.78 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.64 (m,5H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.36 (m, 5H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.10 (s, 2H),1.94 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.08 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Preparation of compound 96

In a 20 mL vial was placed4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(24 mg, 0.043 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (1mL/each). Dichloromethane (2 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (86 μL,0.086 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (31μL, 0.138 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to stir 1 hour atroom temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL)and diluted with DCM (5 mL). The two phases were separated and theaqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). Thecombined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentratedunder reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separateflame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (4 mg, 0.048 mmol) and itwas dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (10 μL,25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at roomtemperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to thecyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.After that time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. TBAF (1mL of a 1M THF sol'n) was added and the reaction was stirred for 1 hourat room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reducepressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90%MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions werecombined and concentrated. The obtained material was lyophilizedyielding the final product (2.1 mg, 0.005 mmol, 12% yield) as whitesolid. M+H=389.0. ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.77-7.62(m, 4H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.04 (m, 2H),2.06-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.44 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 64 Preparation of Compounds 97 and 98

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 97b and 98b

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (501 mg, 1.716mmol) and it was dissolved in dichloroethane (5.7 mL). To this solutionwas added the trifluoro ethylamine (162 μL, 2.059 mmol), AcOH (124 μL,2.059 mmol), and NaBH(OAc)₃ (582 mg, 2.746 mmol) at last. The reactionwas stirred at room temperature. When the reaction was completed it wasquenched with saturated NaHCO₃ (aq) (20 mL) and diluted with ethylacetate (20 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasback-extracted with ethyl acetate twice (5 mL/each). The combinedorganic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography(ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). Atthe end, two isomers were obtained and their corresponding fractionswere combined separately and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(axial, 97b) (420 mg, 1.120 mmol) and6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(equatorial, 98b) (108 mg, 0.288 mmol) (82% yield). Compound 97b:M+H=375.9, ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.85 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd,J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (q, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 2.93(s, 2H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.68(m, 2H), 1.38-1.29 (m, 2H). Compound 98b: M+H=375.8, ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400MHz) δ 7.86 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.24 (q, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.68 (m, 1H),2.03-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.74 (ddd, J=14.0, 14.0, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (m,2H), 1.31-1.21 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 97c and 98c

To a microwave vial was placed was placed6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(axial) (50 mg, 0.133 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (25 mg, 0.170mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and cesium carbonate (109 mg,0.335 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture(1.5 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The vial was capped and heated in themicrowave at 110° C. for 10 minutes. At this time, the mixture wasfiltered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane(5 mL) and water (5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. Theaqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (2 mL). Thecombined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentratedunder reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as theeluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentratedunder reduce pressure yieldingl′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(axial, 97c) (50 mg, 0.126 mmol, 74% yield). M+H=399.0

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(axial) (43 mg, 0.115 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (22 mg, 0.150mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg, 0.006 mmol) and cesium carbonate (93 mg,0.285 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture(1.2 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The vial was capped and allowed tostir at 95° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filteredthrough a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (10 mL)and water (10 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. Theaqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each).The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered andconcentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanesas the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated under reduce pressure yielding1′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(equatorial, 98c) (48 mg, 0.121 mmol, quantitative). M+H=399.0

Step 3: Preparation of benzyl6′-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-4-yl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamate(axial) (97d)

To two separate 4 mL vials were placed1′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(axial) (25 mg/each, 0.063 mmol/each). To vial #1 was added NaOH (100 mgof a cruch pellet, excess), DCM (1 mL) and H₂O (1 mL). To vial #2 wasadded K₂CO₃ (270 mgs, excess), DCM (1 mL) and H₂O (1 mL). To each vialwas added benzyl chloroformate (50 μL, 1.5 equivalents) and they wereallowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at room temperature. At that time,both reactions were completed. The K₂CO₃ was cleaner than the NaOH one(judge by LC/MS). The reactions were combined and diluted with H₂O (5mL) and DCM (5 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phaseswere dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure.The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yieldingbenzyl6′-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-4-yl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamate(axial, 97d) (50 mg, 0.094 mmol, 75% yield). M+H=533.0, ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃,400 MHz) δ 7.86-7.75 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 5H), 5.18(bs, 2H), 4.19 (bs, 1H), 3.96 (bs, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 1.94(d, J=14.0 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.65 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 2H).

Step 4: Preparation of compound 97

In a 20 mL vial was placed benzyl6′-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-4-yl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamate(axial) (50 mg, 0.094 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2mL/each). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (188 μL,0.188 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at roomtemperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (68μL, 0.303 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to stir 20 minutesat room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (7mL) and diluted with DCM (7 mL). The two phases were separated and theaqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each).The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered,concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (1 mL).In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (9 mg, 0.108mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL). To this solution was addedNaOMe (24 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes atroom temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to thecyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 20minutes. After that time, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) and Pd/C (<1 mg) wasadded. A balloon filled with H₂ was attached to the flask and themixture was stirred for 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was filteredthrough Celite and the filtrate was directly purified on a HPLC (Gilson,10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated yielding the final product (0.5mg, 0.001 mmol, 11% yield). M+H=470.1; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ8.00-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.43 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (m,1H), 3.63 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H),2.00-1.89 (m, 4H), 1.78 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 98

In a 20 mL vial was placed1′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(equatorial) (48 mg, 0.121 mmol) and it was azeotroped with acetonitriletwice (2 mL/each). Acetonitrile (2.5 mL) was added. To this solution wasadded bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (111 μL, 0.494 mmol) was addedfollowed by cesium fluoride (75 mg, 0.494 mmol). The vial was tightlycapped and heated overnight (˜14 hours) at 50° C. The reaction wasquenched with water (5 mL) and diluted with DCM (10 mL). The two phaseswere separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted withdichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases weredried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure andazeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial wasplaced MeNH(OH).HCl (11 mg, 0.132 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (20 μL, 25% in MeOH) and thesolution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solutionwas transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above andstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL),the solution filtered and purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂Owith 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combinedand concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was lyophilizedyielding the final product (1.4 mg, 0.003 mmol, 2% yield) as a whitefluffy solid. M+H=470.1, ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.03-7.90 (m, 2H),7.80-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.47 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H),3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.80 (m, 2H),1.66-1.58 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 65 Preparation of Compound 99

Step 1: Preparation of6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-V(3′H)-one(99b)

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (368 mg,1.252 mmol) and it was azeotroped twice with acetonitrile (2 mL/each).CuI (24 mg, 0.126 mmol) was added followed by acetonitrile (2.5 mL).This solution was purged under a stream of N₂ for 30 seconds. Thesolution was heated to 60° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After being 5minutes at 60° C., FSO₂CF₂CO₂H (136 mL, 1.316 mmol) was added dropwise.After 1 hour, the reaction was quenched with H2O (10 mL) and dilutedwith diethyl ether (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueousphase was back-extracted with diethyl ether (5 mL). The combined organicphases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducepressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO,40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). Thecorresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reducepressure yielding benzyl6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(137 mg, 0.398 mmol, 32% yield). M+H=344.9, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ7.86 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 6.26 (t, J=75.2 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 2.14 (m, 2H),1.80 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.52 (m, 4H).

Step 2: Preparation of6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(99c)

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(51 mg, 0.148 mmol) and it was azeotroped twice with toluene (2mL/each). Triethylamine (1.5 mL) and diethylamine (0.4 mL) were addedand this solution was bubbled with a nitrogen stream for 1 minute. ThenPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and CuI (1.5 mg, 0.008 mmol) were addedand again the solution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1minute. Then, PPh₃ (4 mg, 0.015 mmol) was added followed by the additionof cyclopropyl acetylene (300 μL, excess, 70% toluene solution) and onemore time the solution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1minute. The vial was capped and allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at56° C. At that time, the solvent was removed under reduce pressure andthe crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂cartridge, using ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). Thecorresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reducepressure yielding6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(44 mg, 0.133 mmol, 90% yield) as an off-white solid. M+H=331.0, ¹HNMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (t, J=75.6 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.00 (s, 2H), 2.12(m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.41 (m, 5H), 0.89-0.77 (m, 4H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 99

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(44 mg, 0.133 mmol) and it was azeotroped with acetonitrile twice (2mL/each). Acetonitrile (2 mL) was added. To this solution was addedbis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (120 μL, 0.534 mmol) was added followedby cesium fluoride (81 mg, 0.533 mmol). The vial was tightly capped andheated for 3 hours at 50° C. The reaction was quenched with water (7 mL)and diluted with DCM (10 mL). The two phases were separated and theaqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (5 mL/each).The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered,concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL).In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (12 mg,0.144 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution wasadded NaOMe (21 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 3minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe,to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 30minutes. After that time, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) and H₂O (500 μL). Thesolution was filtered and purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂Owith 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combinedand concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained material waslyophilized yielding the final product (1.24 mg, 0.003 mmol, 2% yield).M+H=402.0; ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.66-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.41 (t, J=75.6Hz, 1H), 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 2.12-1.91 (m, 3H),1.75-1.43 (m, 6H), 0.93-0.86 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.71 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 66 Preparation of Compound 100

Step 1: Preparation of4-(difluoromethoxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(100b)

In a 20 mL vial was placed6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(51 mg, 0.148 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (28 mg, 0.1910 mmol),PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and cesium carbonate (121 mg, 0.371mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.5mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The vial was capped and allowed to stir at95° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through aCelite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (10 mL) and water(5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase wasback-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phaseswere dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure.The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding4-(difluoromethoxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(equatorial) (48 mg, 0.131 mmol, 88% yield). M+H=368.0

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 100

In a 20 mL vial was placed4-(difluoromethoxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(equatorial) (48 mg, 0.131 mmol) and it was azeotroped with acetonitriletwice (1 mL/each). Acetonitrile (1.3 mL) was added. To this solution wasadded bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (118 μL, 0.525 mmol) was addedfollowed by cesium fluoride (80 mg, 0.526 mmol). The vial was tightlycapped and heated overnight (˜14 hours) at 50° C. The reaction wasquenched with water (5 mL) and diluted with DCM (5 mL). The two phaseswere separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted withdichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases weredried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure andazeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial wasplaced MeNH(OH).HCl (12 mg, 0.144 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (21 μL, 25% in MeOH) and thesolution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solutionwas transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above andstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL)and H₂O (500 μL). The solution was filtered and purified on a HPLC(Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The correspondingfractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. Theobtained material was lyophilized yielding the final product (5 mg,0.011 mmol, 9% yield). M+H=439.1 ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.00 (m, 2H),7.76-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.45 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=75.6 Hz, 1H), 4.09(m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.09 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d,J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.12-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.51 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 67 Synthesis of Compound 101

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 101b

To a solution of compound 101a (4 g, 12.9 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (40 mL),was added KOAc (3.67 g, 37.4 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (3.6 g, 14.2mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (1.2 g, 1.8 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture wasstirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h, LCMS showed thecomplete consumption of compound 101a. Water (20 mL) was added to themixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite,and then was washed with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic fractionswere washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated togive compound 101b (4.1 g, crude 90%) which was used in the next stepwithout further purification as a black solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ8.15 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (s,3H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.07 (s, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.96 (m, 2H),1.65-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 12H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 101c

To a solution of compound 101b (4 g, 11.5 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was addedHOAc (4 mL) and H₂O₂ (20 mL) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred atroom temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with NaHSO₃solution (20 mL), and then was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product which was purifiedby column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc(100:10 to 30:10) to give compound 101c (2 g, 71%) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): 6:7.31 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s,3H), 3.23-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H), 2.05-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.94 (m,2H), 1.39-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.34 (m, 2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 101d

To a solution of compound 101c (100 mg, 0.40 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂(2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.2 mL) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirredat 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, thenbis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (189 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added. The mixturewas stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. The mixturewas poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer was extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 101d(90 mg, crude, 83%) as a yellow solid which was used directly for thenext step without purification. LCMS: t_(R)=1.198 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=271.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4:Preparation of Compound 101e

To a solution of compound 101A (20.6 mg, 0.19 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) wasadded MeONa (99.9 mg, 0.19 mmol, 10% (Wt.) in MeOH, followed by compound101d (50 mg, 0.185 mmol). After stirring for 10 min, LCMS showed thecomplete consumption of compound 101d. The solvent was removed in vacuoto give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to afford compound 101e (26 mg,41%) as a yellow solid.

LCMS: t_(R)=1.016 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=346.2[M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 101

To a solution of compound 101e (26 mg, 0.075 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (20.7 mg, 0.15 mmol), and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodo-ethane(19.2 mg, 0.082 mmol), the mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction was added brine (5 mL), and was extracted withEtOAc (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product whichwas purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to affordcompound 101 (2.0 mg, 6.2%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.52 (dd,J=8.4, 16.4 Hz, 2H), 3.50-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.19 (m, 1H),2.87 (dd, J=15.2, 31.2 Hz, 2H), 1.97-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.97 (m, 1H),1.56-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.20 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.16 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 6H).

LCMS: t_(R)=2.053 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=428.2[M+H]⁺.

¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz) δ −75.784

EXAMPLE 68 Preparation of Compound 102

Step 1.5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one(0.0573 g, 0.167 mmol), 3-chloro-5-fluorophenylboronic acid (0.0930 g,0.53 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2537 g, 0.78 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), water (1mL), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0118 g, 0.0168 mmol). The tube was heated in aCEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford0.0607 g (92%) of5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one.LC-MS t_(R)=2.55 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 393, 395 (MH⁺).

Step 2.N-(5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one(0.0607 g, 0.155 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.7 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1 h, 0.28 mL ofbis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the red solution. Theresulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Themixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crudeproduct was directly used in the next step without further purification.

Step 3. Preparation of Compound 102

A 50 mL flask was charged with 10 mL of EtOH, 0.2365 g of sodiummethoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.1050 g ofN-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered throughHPLC filter and the filtrate was added toN-(5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide,obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC(SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flowrate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 102 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.72,2.00 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 464, 466 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD) δ 8.07-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.08 (m, 8H), 3.48 (t, J=13.6 Hz, 2H),2.80 (dd, J=14.6, 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.18 (dd, J=14.5, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (t,J=13.5 Hz, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CD₃OD) δ −112.40 (t, J=9.2 Hz),−112.97 (t, J=9.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 69 Preparation of Compound 103

Step 1. 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile

To a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (3.4160 g, 16.8 mmol) andDMAP (0.0256 g, 0.21 mmol, 0.012 equiv) in CH₃CN (35 mL) was added TMSCN(1.8885 g, 19.0 mmol, 1.13 equiv) dropwise via a syringe under nitrogenat room temperature. After 3.75 h, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The crude product was directly used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

Step 2. 4-(5-bromo-2-fluorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone

To a solution of2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile (16.8mmol), obtained as described above, in THF (10 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0Min THF, 18 mL, 18 mmol, 1.07 equiv) via a syringe under nitrogen at−78° C. After 1.25 h, a solution of 1,4-cyclohexanedione mono-ethyleneketal (2.6310 g, 16.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwisevia a cannula. The resulting mixture was allowed to slowly warm to 10°C. over 16 h. The mixture was then quenched with saturated NH₄Cl (10 mL)and H₂O (10 mL), extracted twice with ethyl acetate, and dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, theresidue was treated with MeOH (120 mL) and 2 N HCl (40 mL). Theresulting solution was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 24 hand the solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue wasextracted twice with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford2.9319 g (55% in two steps) of4-(5-bromo-2-fluorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone. LC-MS t_(R)=1.39 minin 3 min chromatography, m/z 315, 317 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.62-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 1H),2.83-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.09 (m,2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 209.51, 204.88 (d, J=2.30 Hz), 157.68(d, J=248.44 Hz), 135.66 (d, J=8.44 Hz), 131.55 (d, J=3.83 Hz), 127.54(d, J=19.17 Hz), 118.07 (d, J=24.53 Hz), 117.19 (d, J=3.84 Hz), 78.07,36.37, 33.89, 33.87; ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −112.90.

Step 3. 5-bromo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexane]-3,4′-dione

To a solution of 4-(5-bromo-2-fluorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone(1.0055 g, 3.19 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (30 mL) was added 95% t-BuOK(0.3440 g, 2.91 mmol, 0.9 equiv) portionwise. The resulting mixture washeated at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled with anice bath and quenched with H₂O, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvents were evaporated, the residue was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford0.3889 g (41%) of5-bromo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexane]-3,4′-dione as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 295, 297 (MH⁺);¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.82-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.73 (m, 1H),7.10-7.07 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.21 (m,2H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 208.25, 200.80,169.71, 140.99, 127.47, 121.58, 115.55, 114.81, 88.10, 36.68, 31.86.

Step 4.cis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one andtrans-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one

To a solution of5-bromo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexane]-3,4′-dione (0.2281 g, 0.77mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added NaBH₄ (0.0266 g, 0.70 mmol) portionwiseat −78° C. After 15 min, additional NaBH₄ (0.0138 g, 0.36 mmol) wasadded at −78° C. After 25 min, the reaction mixture was quenched withacetone and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After the solvents wereevaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica geleluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.0108 g (5%) oftrans-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one and0.1424 g (62%) ofcis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one.

For trans-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one,LC-MS t_(R)=1.56 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 297, 299 (MH⁺), 279,281; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.78-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 1H),7.02-6.99 (m, 1H), 4.18-4.17 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.87 (m,4H), 1.53-1.49 (m, 2H).

For cis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one,LC-MS t_(R)=1.47 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 297, 299 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.77-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.02 (m,1H), 3.83-3.78 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.72 (m, 6H); ¹³C NMR(100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 202.30, 169.84, 140.60, 127.21, 121.81, 115.54,114.20, 89.12, 68.73, 30.67, 30.37.

Step 5.cis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one

A mixture ofcis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one(0.1424 g, 0.48 mmol), Ag₂O (0.3800 g, 1.64 mmol), MeI (0.85 mL, 13.6mmol), and Drierite® (0.78 g) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was vigorously stirred atroom temperature for 66 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. After thesolvents were evaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography onsilica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.1232 g (83%) ofcis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one andrecover 0.0220 g (15%) ofcis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one.

For cis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one,LC-MS t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 311, 313 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.68-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.60 (m, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.8Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.57(m, 6H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 202.15, 169.74, 140.44, 127.07,121.77, 115.48, 114.04, 89.32, 55.70, 30.09, 26.95.

Step 6.3-(cis-4′-methoxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-5-yl)benzonitrile

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged withcis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one(0.0446 g, 0.143 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (0.1239 g, 0.84 mmol),Cs₂CO₃ (0.4314 g, 1.3 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), water (1 mL), andPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0286 g, 0.04 mmol). The tube was heated in a CEMmicrowave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford0.0400 g (84%) of3-(cis-4′-methoxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-5-yl)benzonitrile.LC-MS t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 334 (MH⁺).

Step 7.N-(cis-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(cis-4′-methoxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-5-yl)benzonitrile(0.0400 g, 0.12 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.5 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.2 mL ofbis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the red solution. Theresulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 21 h. Themixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crudeproduct (0.0584 g) was directly used in the next step without furtherpurification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.90 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 358(MH⁺)

Step 8. Preparation of Compound 103

A 50 mL flask was charged with 10 mL of EtOH, 0.2552 g of sodiummethoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.1314 g ofN-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered throughHPLC filter and the filtrate was added toN-(cis-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-ylidene)cyanamide,obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC(SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flowrate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 103 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.25,1.41 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 405 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ 8.08-7.03 (m, 7H), 3.43-3.35 (m, 7H), 2.22-1.65 (m, 8H).

EXAMPLE 70 Synthesis of Compound 104

A solution containing compound 104a (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and2,4,6-trimethyl-cyclotriboroxane (153 mg, 1.2 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL),and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.85 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a streamof nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂(8.5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEMmicrowave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After beingcooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc andfiltered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated invacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH,10:1) and HPLC to give compound 104 (1.5 mg, yield 4%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.016 min and 1.066 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 348 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 1H),7.18 (m, 1H), 7.02 (m, 4H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.94-2.99 (m, 3H), 3.65 (m,2H), 2.56-2.70 (m, 2H); 2.28-2.31 (m, 3H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.70(m, 1H); 1.19-1.60 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 71 Synthesis of Compound 105

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 105b

To a solution of compound 105a (200 mg, 0.58 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂(14 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 2.36 mL, 2.36 mmol) at roomtemperature. After being stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 15 min.,bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (236 mg, 1.28 mmol) was added, and themixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for another 22 min. TLCshowed the reaction was completed, and the mixture was poured intoice-water (20 mL), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×30 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 105b (200 mg, yield93%) as a yellow solid.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 105c

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (92 mg, 1.08 mmol)in anhydrous MeOH (28 mL) was added a solution of NaOMe (10 wt %, 0.56mL, 0.972 mmol) in methanol followed by compound 105b (400 mg, 1.08mmol). After being stirred at room temperature for 50 min., the solventwas removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved inCH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered, concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by chromatograph silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) to give compound 105c (80 mg, yield 18%) as a yellow solid.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 105

To a stirred solution of compound 105c (30 mg, 0.073 mmol) and CuI (10mg, 0.05) in anhydrous Et₃N (0.5 mL) and DMF (2 mL) was addedcyclopropane acetylene (0.5 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg, 0.011 mmol)under a N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 55° C. overnight. Themixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residuewas dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and then filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, which waspurified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH, 10:1) and preparative HPLC(basic) in sequence to give compound 105 (3.5 mg, yield 12%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.075 min and 1.142 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 398 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),7.18 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, J=10 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.91 (m, 3H), 2.66(m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.55 (t, J=26.4 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (m,1H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 72 Synthesis of Compound 106

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 108c

To a solution of LDA (23.4 mL, 42.1 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (150 mL)was added slowly a solution of compound 108a (3.6 g, 21.05 mmol) in THF(77 mL) at −60° C. under a N₂ atmosphere. After being stirred at −60° C.for 1 h, a solution of compound 108b (7.05 g, 18.9 mmol)) in THF (23 mL)was added slowly to the above solution. The resulting mixture wasstirred at −60° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water(15 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residuewas purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum: ethylacetate, 10:1) to give compound 108c (2.5 g, yield 26%) as a yellowsolid.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 108d

A flame dried 100 mL RBF was charged with compound 108c (2.11 g, 4.5mmol) and anhydrous THF (80 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. The resultingsolution was stirred and chilled to −70° C., and t-BuLi (1.3 M, inhexane 6.95 mL, 9 mmol, 2 eq.) was added dropwise. Deep red was observedduring the addition. The reaction was stirred another 1 h after theaddition. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (0.4 mL), and followed byaq. HCl solution (2 M, 8 mL). The resulting solution was concentrated toremove organic solvent. The residue was stirred in 0.5 M aq. HClsolution (40 mL). The suspension was heated to reflux (oil bath 105°C.). The reaction was cooled down to room temperature and filter. Thecake was washed with H₂O. The light yellow solid was collected andco-evaporated with MeOH two times to remove water to give crude product,which was purified by chromatography to give compound 108d (450 mg,yield 35%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.80-8.01 (m,1H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.18 (m, 4H), 3.10 (s,2H), 2.91-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.81 (brs, 2H), 1.78-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.62 (m,2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 108e

To a solution of compound 108d (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (7 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 1.18 mL, 1.18 mmol). After being stirredat 50° C. for 15 min in microwave, bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.143mL, 0.638 mmol) was added to above solution. The resulting mixture wasstirred at 60° C. for 22 min in microwave. TLC showed that the reactionwas completed. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (20 mL).The solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to dcrude compound 108e (100 mg,yield 93%) as a yellow solid, which was used directly for the next stepwithout purification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 108f

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (46 mg, 0.55 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (14 mL) was added a solution of NaOMe (10 wt %, 0.280 mL,0.5 mmol) in methanol followed by compound 108e (200 mg, 0.55 mmol).After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, and thesolvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography togive compound 108f (50 mg, yield 22%) as a yellow solid.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 108

A solution containing compound 108f (25 mg, 0.061 mmol) and compound108B (11.2 mg, 0.091 mmol) in dioxane (1.5 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M,0.43 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through thereaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4.3 mg) was added. Thereaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor andirradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through ashort Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 108 (1.5 mg,yield 6%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.943 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 411 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.68(s, 1H), 8.40-8.68 (m, 1H), 7.97-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.54 (m, 1H),7.40-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.40 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.05 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.22 (m,2H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.92-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.96 (m,2H), 1.53-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.50 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 73 Synthesis of Compound 107

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 107b

To a solution of compound 107a (500 mg, 1.61 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10mL), was added KOAc (0.46 g, 4.69 mmol),4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(450 mg, 1.77 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (150 mg, 0.18 mmol) under nitrogen,the mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h,LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 107a. Water (5 mL) wasadded to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a padof celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combinedorganic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give compound 107b (284 mg, 50%) as a black solid, whichwas used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃400 MHz): δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m,2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.33 (s, 12H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 107c

To a solution of compound 107b (400 mg, 1.1 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) wasadded 3-chloropyridazine (193 mg, 1.65 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 8 mL) andPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (7.4 mg, 0.011 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture wasstirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. Water (5 mL)was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through apad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combinedorganic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparativeTLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 109c(100 mg, 29%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 9.11 (d,J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=7.2 Hz,1H), 7.84 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (m, 1H) 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 1H),3.05 (s, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.51 (m, 2H). 1.41-1.21 (m,2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 107d

To a solution of compound 107c (80 mg, 0.25 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2mL) was added TiCl₄ (2.5 mL) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at 50° C.in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, thenbistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (105.3 mg, 0.56 mmol) was added. Themixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. TLC(hexane:EtOAc=3:1) showed the complete consumption of compound 107c. Themixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound107d (82 mg, crude 95%) as a yellow solid which was used directly in thenext step without purification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 107

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (12.6 mg, 0.15mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added MeONa (81 mg, 0.15 mmol, 10 wt % inMeOH), followed by compound 109d (50 mg, 0.15 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 10 min, LCMS showed the completeconsumption of compound 107d. The solvent was removed in vacuo to givethe crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica geleluting with dichloromethane: methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLCto afford compound 107 (5.6 mg, 10% for 2 steps) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.13 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.81 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s,3H), 3.23 (m, 1H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H)1.65 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.38 (m, 2H). LCMS: 663-148-1, t_(R)=0.810min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.1 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 74 Synthesis of Compound 108

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 108b

To a solution of compound 108a (2 g, 6.5 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (70mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 14.3 mL, 14.3 mol). After stirringat room temperature for 1 h under nitrogen,bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (2.47 g, 3.0 mL, 13.3 mmol) was added.After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture waspoured into ice-water (100 g) and stirred 30 min. The separated aqueousphase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (2×100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. Thefiltrate was concentrated to give compound 108b (2.3 g, crude, 100%) asa white solid, which was used for the next step directly withoutpurification.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 108c

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (0.546 g, 6.5 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (300 mL) was added NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 3.16 g, 5.85mmol), followed by compound 108b (2.15 g, 6.5 mmol). After stirring atroom temperature for 40 min, the solvent was removed in vacuo. Theresidue was re-dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL). The mixture was filteredand the solvent was removed to give the residue, which was purified bycolumn chromatography (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=20:1 to 5:1) to give compound 108c(1.7 g, 69%) as a white solid.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 108

A solution containing compound 108A (97 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound 108c(40 mg, 0.105 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling astream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then,PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placedinto CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. Afterbeing cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to afford product compound 108(7.3 mg, 18%) as a white solid.

LC-MS t_(R)=0.843 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.0 [M+H]⁺

¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 9.55-9.68 (d, J=50.8 Hz, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H),8.18-8.23 (m, 1H), 7.96-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.61 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H),3.35-3.42 (m, 7H), 3.03-3.17 (q, 2H), 2.01-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.84 (m,2H), 1.33-1.64 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 75 Synthesis of Compound 109

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 109b

To a solution of compound 109a (400 mg, 1.1 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL)were added 2-chloropyrazine (135 mg, 1.17 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 8 mL) andPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5.2 mg, 0.0078 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture wasstirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. Water (5 mL)was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through apad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combinedorganic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparativeTLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 109b(100 mg, 41%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 9.10 (s, 1H),8.69 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.13 (s, 2H), 2.2 (m, 2H),1.87 (m, 2H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.47 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 109c

To a solution of compound 109b (66 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2mL) was added TiCl₄ (2 mL, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 2 mmol) under nitrogen, themixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min,then bistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (87.6 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added. Themixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, TLC(hexane:EtOAc=1:1) showed the complete consumption of compound 109b. Themixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound109c (47 mg, 66%) as a yellow solid which was used directly in the nextstep without purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 109

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (11.8 mg, 0.14mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added MeONa (76.4 mg, 0.14 mmol, 10 wt % inMeOH), followed by compound 111c (47 mg, 0.14 mmol), the mixture wasstirred for 10 min. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crudeproduct which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to affordcompound 109 (1.2 mg, 2.2%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.67 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.52 (s,1H), 8.02 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.2(m, 1H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.61(m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.37 (m, 2H).

LCMS: t_(R)=0.855 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.1[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 76 Synthesis of Compound 110

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 110b

To a solution of compound 110a (150 mg, 0.42 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded HOAc (0.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (1 mL) under nitrogen, the mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched withNaHSO₃ solution (10 mL), and then was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3).The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product which was purifiedby column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc(100:10˜30:10) to give compound 110b (100 mg, 97%) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.31 (s, 1H), 6.91-7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.43(s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 1.98-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.98 (m,2H), 1.41-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.41 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 110c

To a solution of compound 110b (100 mg, 0.40 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂(2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.2 mL, 1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 1.2 mmol) undernitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactorfor 15 min, then bistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (187.8 mg, 1.01 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for15 min, TLC (hexane:EtOAc=1:1) analysis showed the complete consumptionof compound 110b. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and theaqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×2). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give compound 110c (85 mg, 77%) as a yellow solid whichwas used directly in the next step without purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 475

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (26.4 mg, 0.31mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added MeONa (169 mg, 0.31 mmol, 10 wt % inMeOH), followed by compound 110c (85 mg, 0.31 mmol), the mixture wasstirred for 10 min at room temperature, TLC(dichloromethane:methanol=10:1) analysis showed the complete consumptionof compound 110c. the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crudeproduct which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 to afford compound 475 (50 mg, 51%) as awhite solid.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 110

To a solution of compound 475 (21 mg, 0.066 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wereadded K₂CO₃ (36.5 mg, 0.26 mmol), and compound 110A (17.8 mg, 0.132mmol), the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h, LCMS showed thecomplete consumption of compound 475. The reaction was added with H₂O (5mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAC (10 mL×3). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 110 (1.7 mg, 5%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.71-6.93 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 3.73 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s,3H), 2.62-2.72 (m, 2H), 1.94-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.59 (m, 1H),1.39-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.31 (m, 1H), 1.13-1.19 (m, 2H), 0.47-0.53 (m,2H), 0.23-0.43 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=0.967 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 372 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 77 Synthesis of Compound 111

A mixture of compound 111a (30 mg, 0.0792 mmol), compound 111A (28 mg,0.1196 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.567 mL, 1.134 mmol, 2 M in water) andPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (2.0 mL) was irradiated in microwaveat 120° C. for 15 min under nitrogen. The mixture was concentrated togive crude compound 111, which was purified by preparative HPLC toafford compound 111 (1.8 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=0.953 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz TMS): δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.67 (m,1H), 3.08-4.92 (m, 3H), 3.31-3.32 (m, 6H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.98(m, 2H), 1.91-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.48 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 78 Synthesis of Compound 112

Compound 112a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (5 mL) and Et₂NH(1 mL), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ for threetimes. Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) and CuI (4 mg) were added under N₂ atmosphereand the system was degassed again. Ethynylbenzene (0.3 mL, excess) wasadded by syringe. The system was degassed one more time. The reactionwas heated to 75˜85° C. for 12 h. LCMS showed that the reaction wascompleted; the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas partitioned by CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layerwas extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL), the combined organic layers werewashed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated todryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1) and RP-HPLC (basic) afforded compound 112 (4.6 mg, 9%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.168 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z402.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.51-7.53 (m, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),7.37-7.45 (m, J=8.0 Hz, 5H), 7.24-7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H),3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.83-2.94 (q, 2H), 2.02-2.08 (t, J=12.8Hz, 2H), 1.68-1.71 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 1.56-1.63 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 2H),1.18-1.48 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 79 Synthesis of Compound 113

The compound 113a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (106 mg, 1.05mmol l) and DMF (4 mL), the resulting mixture was degassed and purgedwith N₂ for three times. Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) and CuI (4 mg) were addedunder a N₂ atmosphere and the system was degassed again.3,3-dimethylbut-1-yne (0.5 mL, excess) was added by syringe. The systemwas degassed one more time. The reaction was heated to 90˜100° C. for 12h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (10mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10mL); the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue bypreparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=5:1) and pre-HPLC (basic) affordedcompound 113 (6.7 mg, 13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.184 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 382.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.10-7.14 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.03-7.04 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H),3.01-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.67-2.77 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.94 (m, 3H),1.54-1.57 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.25-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.25 (s, 9H).

EXAMPLE 80 Synthesis of Compound 114

The titled compound was synthesized as described in example 77, compound114 in 7% yield starting from compound 114a and Ethynylcyclopentane.LC-MS t_(R)=1.078 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.1[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20-7.24 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.12-7.14(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.13-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.01 (s, 3H),2.80-2.83 (m, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.69 (m,5H), 1.50-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.43 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 81 Synthesis of Compound 115

Method 1

A solution containing compound 115A (126 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound115a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) was deoxygenated bybubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min.Then, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed andplaced into a CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitionedbetween EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) to afford productcompound 115 (3 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.140 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.42-7.44 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.22-7.24 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),3.26 (s, 3H), 3.02-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.75-2.85 (q, 2H),1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.59 (m, 3H), 1.16-1.36 (m, 3H).

Method 2 step 1: Preparation of Compound 115b

Compound 115a (280 mg, 0.74 mmol) and (Boc)₂O (241 mg, 1.1 mmol) wasdissolved in THF (8 mL), this solution was added DMAP (135 mg, 1.1 mmol)and Et₃N (0.2 mL, 1.47 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. Thereaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give theresidue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethylacetate=5:1) to give 115b (300 mg, 85%) as a white solid.

Method 2 Step 2: Preparation of Compound 115

A solution containing compound 115B (120 mg, 0.312 mmol) and compound115b (100 mg, 0.208 mmol) in in toluene (5 mL) was deoxygenated bybubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min.Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (7 mg, 0.010 mmol) was added. The reaction vial wassealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C.for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture waspartitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and theaqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) toafford product compound 115 (9.3 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.011 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.41-7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H),7.22-7.24 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s,3H), 2.75-2.85 (q, 2H), 1.89-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.56 (m, 3H), 1.17-1.34(m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 82 Synthesis of Compound 116

A solution containing compound 116B (124 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound116a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) wasdeoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reactionmixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. The reactionvial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixturewas partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), andthe aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) toafford product compound 116 (2.2 mg, 4.3%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.996 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.51 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.22 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.21(m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 2H), 1.21-1.47 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 83 Synthesis of Compound 117

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 117b

To a solution of compound 117a (0.15 g, 0.51 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) wasadded Pd/C (15 mg, 10 wt %). The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature under H₂ atmosphere (30 Psi) for 1 h, LC-MS showed that thereaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated to give compound 117b (0.14 g, 92% crudeyield) as a red oil, which was used for next step directly withoutpurification without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 117c

To a solution of compound 117b (50 mg, 0.167 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂(4 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 0.4 mL, 0.4 mmol). The resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h under a nitrogenatmosphere, and then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (64 mg/0.076 mL,0.34 mmol) was added. After addition, the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. LC-MS showed that the reaction was completed. Thereaction mixture was poured into ice-water (10 g) and stirred for 30min. The separated aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL).The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give compound 117c(54 mg, 100% crude yield) as a white solid, which was used directly forthe next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 117

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (14 mg, 0.167 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (5 mL) was added NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 0.08 g, 0.15mmol), followed by compound 117c (54 mg, 0.17 mmol). After stirred for40 min, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative RP-HPLCto give compound 117 (4.8 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.109min and 1.175 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 370.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48-7.56 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1.4H), 7.38 (s, 0.6H),7.18-7.27 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 1H), 3.24 (s,3H), 3.11 (s, 1H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.70-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 2H),1.75-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.51 (m, 5H), 0.60-0.68 (m,1H), 0.37-0.42 (m, 2H), 0.02-0.03 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 84 Synthesis of Compound 118

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118b

To a solution of compound 118a (500 mg, 1.61 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10mL), was added KOAc (0.46 g, 4.69 mmol),4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(450 mg, 1.77 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (150 mg, 0.18 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 1 h. LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 118a.Water (5 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filteredoff through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL).The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 118b (284 mg, 50%) as ablack solid which was used in the next step without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m,2H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s, 12H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118c

To a solution of compound 118b (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded HOAc (0.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture wasquenched by addition of NaHSO₃ solution (10 mL), and then was extractedwith EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude productwhich was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane: EtOAc (100:10 to 30:10) to afford compound 118c (50 mg, 72%) asa yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H), 2.20-2.21 (m, 2H),1.68-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118d

To a solution of compound 118c (50 mg, 0.20 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactorfor 15 min, then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (15.1 mg, 0.40 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for15 min. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueouslayer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated togive compound 118d (40 mg, 73%) as a yellow solid which was useddirectly for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118e

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (12.4 mg, 0.14 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) wasadded MeONa (80 mg, 0.14 mmol, 10 wt % in MeOH), followed by compound118d (40 mg, 0.14 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min at roomtemperature, LCMS analysis showed the complete consumption of compound118d. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo to give the crudeproduct, which was purified by preparative TLC eluting withdichloromethane: methanol=10:1 to afford compound 118e (10 mg, 22%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=6.4 Hz,2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 1.92-2.08 (m, 2H),1.86-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.41 (m,2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118

To a solution of compound 118e (10 mg, 0.031 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (8.5 mg, 0.062 mmol) and compound 118A (8.0 mg, 0.034 mmol),the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h, LCMS analysis showed thecomplete consumption of compound 118e. The reaction was added with H₂O(5 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified bypreparative TLC eluting with dichloromethane: methanol=10:1 followed bypreparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 118 (2 mg, 14%) as a white solid.¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m,1H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.80-2.84 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.80 (d, J=15.2,Hz, 1H), 1.98-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.46 (m,1H), 1.36-1.46 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.80 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 400.2 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 85 Synthesis of Compound 119

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119b

To a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (0.89 g, 7.7 mmol) intert-butyl alchol (30 mL) was added benzyl triphenyl phosphoniumchloride (2.4 g, 6.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 3 h. Compound 1 (1.5 g, 5.1 mmol) was added under anitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo.The residue was added H₂O (100 mL) and then was extracted with ethylacetate (3×50 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine(2×50 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatographyover silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=100:1 to10:1 to give compound 119b (1.0 g, 53%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=2.83 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 367.28 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119c

A mixture of compound 119b (1.0 g, 2.7 mmol), ethyl acetate (100 mL) andPtO₂ (0.10 g, 0.44 mmol) was stirred at temperature under hydrogen (1atm) atmosphere overnight. The precipitate was filtered off and washedwith ethyl acetate (2×50 mL). The filtrate and washings wereconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate=100:1 to 10:1 to give compound 119c (0.35 g, 35%) as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.35 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 3H), 2.80-2.90 (s, 2H),2.50-2.60 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 1H),1.55-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.45 (m, 2H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.46 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 369.29 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119d

A sealed tube was charged with compound 119c (0.15 g, 0.41 mmol),anhydrous dichloromethane (3 mL) and TiCl₄ (0.82 mL, 0.82 mmol, 1 M inCH₂Cl₂). The tube was heated at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15min. After cooling down, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (0.15 g, 0.82 mmol) was added. The tubewas heated at 60° C. in a CEM reactor for 15 min again. After coolingdown, the mixture was quenched by addition of ice-water (2 mL) carefullywith stirring. Brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extractedwith dichloromethane (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (2×10 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 119d (0.17 g,106% crude yield) as a pale yellow solid, which was used directly innext step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119

A solution of sodium methanolate in methanol (0.4 mL, 0.74 mmol, 10% inMeOH) was added to a flask was charged with compound 119d (0.17 g, 0.41mmol, crude), anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and N-methyl hydroxylaminehydrochloride (41 mg, 0.49 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred atambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation invacuo. Brine (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (contained 10% methanol) (3×20 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (2×10 mL). The separated organic phase was driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo and the resultingresidue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 119 (60 mg,33%) with 99% purity based on LC-MS as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR:(CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.35-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.20 (m,4H), 3.00-3.10 (s, 3H), 2.70-2.80 (d, J=20.8 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.70 (d,J=20.8 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.65 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.00 (m, 2H),1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.25 (m,1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.54 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 439.13[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 120

A mixture of compound 119 (30 mg, 0.053 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid(10 mg, 0.068 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 0.40 mmol, 2M in water) andPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg, 0.0014 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was stirred in at80° C. for 3 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling down, brine(10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo, the resulting crudeproduct was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleumether:ethyl acetate=2:1 and then by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound120 (10.2 mg, 42%) with 99% purity based on LC-MS as a pale yellowsolid. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.90-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.75 (m, 4H),7.10-7.45 (m, 6H), 3.05-3.10 (s, 3H), 2.84-2.90 (d, J=20.8 Hz, 1H),2.65-2.82 (d, J=20.8 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.70 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.00(m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.35-1.45 (m, 1H),1.20-1.30 (m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.53 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 463.3 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 86 Synthesis of Compound 121

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121b

The mixture of Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (54 mg), compound 121a (200 mg, 0.588 mmol),bispinacolatodiboron (164.3 mg, 0.647 mmol) and KOAc (167.1 mg, 1.71mmol) in dioxane (3.5 mL) was placed into CEM microwave reactor andirradiated at 100° C. for 1 h under nitrogen. The solution wasconcentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum: ethyl acetate, 10:1) to give compound 121b (120 mg, 53%) asa white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.97 (m,1H), 7.41-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 4H), 3.10-3.16 (m, 2H),2.93-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 2H), 1.79-1.87 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.61 (m, 2H);1.17-1.23 (m, 12H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121c

A solution containing compound 121b (60 mg, 0.155 mmol),3-chloro-pyridazine (27 mg, 0.233 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL), and aqueousCs₂CO₃ (2 M, 1.1 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogenthrough the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (11 mg) wasadded. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwavereactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through ashort Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative HPLC (acidic) to afford compound 121c (15mg, 29%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121d

To a solution of compound 121c (15 mg, 0.044 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂(1 mL) was added a solution of TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ (1 M, 0.44 mL, 0.44 mmol)at room temperature. The mixture placed into CEM microwave reactor andirradiated at 50° C. for 15 min, bistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (18 mg,0.10 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was irradiated in microwaveat 60° C. for 15 min and 70° C. for 1 h. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was poured into ice-water (2 mL), and extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give compound 121d (20mg, 100%) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step withoutpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.6 mg, 0.055mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (1.5 mL) was added NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 0.028mL, 0.05 mmol), and compound 121d (20 mg, 0.055 mmol). After beingstirred at room temperature for 30 min, the solvent was removed underreduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). Themixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo todryness. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to givecompound 121 (1.7 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.086 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ9.02 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 4H), 8.06 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.92-7.94 (m, 2H),7.67-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.97-7.04 (m, 4H), 3.03-3.11 (m,3H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.60-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 1H),1.48-1.54 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 87 Synthesis of Compound 122

A solution containing 4-tributylstannanyl-pyridazine (78 mg, 0.213 mmol)and compound 1 (35 mg, 0.085 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was deoxygenated bybubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min.Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (6.1 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed andplaced into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min.After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitionedbetween EtOAc (20 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 20 mL), and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC (basic)to yield compound 122 (3.4 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.009min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 9.54-9.63 (m, 1H), 9.27-9.32 (m, 1H), 7.95-8.11 (m, 3H),7.64-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.17 (m, 4H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.25 (m, 3H),2.72-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.87-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.74 (m,3H).

EXAMPLE 88 Synthesis of Compound 123

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123b

A flask was charged with compound 123a (30 g, 147.7 mmol), CH₃CN (250mL), TMSCN (18 g, 181.5 mmol) and DMAP (0.20 g, 1.7 mmol) in turn. Thereaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h. The solventwas removed by evaporation in vacuo (lower than 25° C.) to give crudecompound 123b (48.5 g, 101% crude yield) as a yellow oil, which was useddirectly in next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123d

To a solution of compound 123b (23.7 g, 78.48 mmol) in anhydrous THF(150 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 86.3 mL, 86.3 mmol) dropwisevia an addition funnel at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 1.5h, a solution of compound 123c (13.5 g, 86.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF wasadded dropwise via an addition funnel at −78° C. under a nitrogenatmosphere. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C.for 3 h. 1 N HCl (200 mL) was added via an addition funnel at −78° C.carefully. After that, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm toambient temperature and kept at this temperature overnight. The mixturewas separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×150 mL).The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×200 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bycolumn chromatography over silica gel (eluent: petroleum ether:EtOAc=50:1 to 3:1) to give pure compound 123d (7.8 g, 31.6%) as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.55-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 1H),7.05-7.15 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.05-2.15 (m,2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123e

A suspension of compound 123d (14.5 g, 46 mmol) and t-BuOK (5.6 mg, 50mmol) in THF (150 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwavereactor. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water(100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). Thecombined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL) and concentratedin vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography column on silicagel (eluent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate from 50:1 to 20:1) to affordcompound 123e (2.5 g, 20%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123f

To a mixture of compound 123e (2.5 g, 8.47 mmol) in THF (70 mL) wasadded NaBH₄ (0.35 g, 9.3 mmol) at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere.The mixture kept stirring at −78° C. for 15 min. The mixture wasquenched by addition of MeOH (1 mL). The solvent was removed to affordcrude compound 123f (2.5 g, 100% crude yield) as a yellow solid, whichwas used directly to the next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123g

To a round bottle flask were added compound 123f (2.5 g, 8.4 mmol) andNaH (0.40 g, 16.5 mmol) in THF (70 mL) at 0° C., and then CH₃I (2.4 g,6.5 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed to 60° C. and stirred for 5h. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched by addition of water (1mL). The mixture was concentrated, the residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (eluent: petroleum ether: ethylacetate=30:1) to afford compound 123g (1.6 g, 62%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123h

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with a condenserwas charged with compound 123f (1.45 g, 4.7 mmol), Et₃N (30 mL) andEt₂NH (30 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this solution was addedCuI (35 mg, 0.2 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (50 mg, 0.07 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere. The system was degassed once again, then cyclopropylacetylene (5 mL, excess) was added and the mixture was heated at 60° C.for 15 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was separatedbetween EtOAc (50 mL) and water (30 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (2×30 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed withbrine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressureto dryness. The crude product was purified by column chromatography onsilica gel (eluent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=50:1 to 20:1) toafford compound 123h (630 mg, 40% purity) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123i

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 123h (300 mg, 1mmol), KCN (130 mg, 2 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (700 mg, 7 mmol) and formamide(20 mL). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h. The reactionmixture was then cooled and poured over ice. After acidification withconcentrated HCl (20 mL), the mixture was filtered to collect the solid,which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) and washed with water(2×150 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give compound 123i (170 mg, 35%) as a grey solid, whichwas used in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123j

A suspension of compound 123i (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (60 mL) was heated at 120° C.for one hour in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (eluent: petroleumether: ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 123j (22 mg, 40%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123k

To a solution of compound 123j (22 mg, 0.058 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (15 mg, 0.1 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, MeI (10 mg,0.11 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 30° C. for 2h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuoto give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 123k (10 mg, 40%)as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123

A solution of compound 123k (10 mg, 0.024 mmol), NH₄I (75 mg, 0.66 mmol)in a solution of NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEMmicrowave reactor for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was concentratedin vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLCto give compound 123 (0.9 mg, 10%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.35-7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.88-6.90 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 2.24-2.27 (m, 1H), 1.99-2.08 (m,3H), 1.51-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.42-1.46 (m, 1H), 0.86-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.68-0.69(m, 2H).LCMS: t_(R)=1.62 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.2[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 89 Synthesis of Compound 124

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 124b

A suspension of compound 124a (250 mg, 0.6 mmol),tributyl-cyclopropylethynyl-stannane (1.3 g, 3 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂(40 mg, 0.06 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (5 mL) was heated at 130° C. for30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 124b (99 mg, 40%)as a yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 124c

A solution of compound 124b (95 mg, 0.25 mmol) and Pd/C (10 mg) in EtOAc(10 mL) was stirred at 25° C. under H₂ (10 psi) atmosphere for 5 h. Themixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givethe residue which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 124c (77 mg, 80%)as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 124d

A suspension of compound 124c (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(30 mg, 0.085 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated under 130° C.for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 124d (16 mg, 50%)as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 124

A solution of compound 124d (16 mg, 0.04 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL),NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 124 (9 mg, 60%) as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.20 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.10(s, 1H), 6.80-6.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.25 (m,1H), 3.15-3.20 (s, 3H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.10(m, 3H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 3H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 1H),0.35-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.10 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=384.2 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 90 Synthesis of Compound 125

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 125b

To a solution of compound 125a (190 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (138 mg, 1.0 mmol) and MeI (73.5 mg, 0.5 mmol), the mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 3 h. H₂O (10 mL) was added and themixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated togive compound 125b (170 mg, 86%) as a yellow solid. which was used innext step without further purification. LCMS: t_(R)=1.215 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=397 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 125c

To a solution of compound 125b (170 mg, 0.43 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(5 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (173.8 mg, 0.43 mmol) under N₂, themixture was stirred at 130° C. for 30 min in microwave, the solvent wasremoved in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to affordcompound 125c (110 mg, 62%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.345 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=411 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 125

To a solution of compound 125c (110 mg, 0.26 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) wasadded t-BuOOH (1 mL) and NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) under N₂, the mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuoto give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 to afford compound125 (60 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.018 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=394.0 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 91 Synthesis of Compound 126

To a solution of compound 125 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL)was added compound 126A (11.1 mg, 0.076 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.2 mL) andPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 120° C.in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, LCMS showed the completeconsumption of compound 125. Water (2 mL) was added and the precipitatewas filtered off through a pad of celite, and was washed with EtOAc (10mL×3). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to affordcompound 126 (3.0 mg, 15%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.67 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),7.33 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.33-3.27(m, 1H), 3.25-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.05 (m, 3H),1.71-1.56 (m, 4H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.018 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=394.0 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 92 Synthesis of Compound 127

A suspension of compound 125 (10 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronicacid (7 mg, 0.03 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (1 mg, 0.003 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo,the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 127 (5.8mg, 60%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.98-8.05 (s, 1H),7.95-8.00 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.80 (m, 4H), 7.05-7.10 (s, 1H), 3.40(s, 3H), 3.20-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 3H),1.55-1.80 (m, 4H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.60 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=416 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 93 Synthesis of Compound 128

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 128a

To a solution of compound 125 (45 mg, 0.11 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added(Boc)₂O (50 mg, 0.23 mmol) and DMAP (2 mg, 0.011 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at 30° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated invacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 128a(46 mg, 70%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 128b

To a solution of compound 128a (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) in EtOAc (3 mL) wasadded Pd/C (2 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. at H₂atmosphere (1 atm) condition overnight. The mixture was filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to give compound 128b (10 mg, 100% crude yield) asa colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 128

To a solution of compound 128b (10 mg, 0.024 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wasadded TFA (1 mL). After stirring for 10 min, the mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 128 (1.6 mg, 20%) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.40 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (d, J=10.4Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 4H),2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 4H). LCMS:t_(R)=0.792 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=316.1 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 94 Synthesis of Compound 129

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 126 from compound 125 (20mg, 0.05 mol) and purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withpetroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1 to give compound 129 (2.5 mg, 11%) asa white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64(s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.33-3.27(m, 1H), 3.27-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.05 (m, 3H),1.70-1.56 (m, 4H).LCMS: t_(R)=1.116 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=422.1 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 95 Synthesis of Compound 130

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 126 from compound 125 (20mg, 0.05 mol) and purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to affordcompound 130 (2.1 mg, 11%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.81 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 7.16 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H),3.34-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.24 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.06 (m,3H), 1.72-1.57 (m, 4H); LCMS: t_(R)=0.846 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z=393.1 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 96 Synthesis of Compound 131

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131b

A suspension of compound 131a (270 mg, 0.68 mmol), compound 131A (190mg, 0.75 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (60 mg, 0.08 mmol) and KOAc (200 mg, 2 mmol)in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 60 min in aCEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by column on silica gel (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 131b (300 mg, yield 88%, 67% purity)as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131c

To a solution of compound 131b (300 mg, 0.7 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded AcOH (1 mL) and H₂O₂ (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated NaHSO₃ (6 mL)and then balanced between EtOAc (20 mL×2) and water (10 mL). The organiclayers were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent: petroleumether:ethyl acetate=1:2) to give compound 131c (123 mg, 40% for twosteps) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131d

To a solution of compound 131c (30 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) wasadded phenyl boronic acid (14 mg, 0.11 mmol), Cu(OAc)₂ (36 mg, 0.18mmol) and EtN₃ (18 mg, 0.18 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred inthe open air at 30° C. for 10 h. The precipitate was filtered off andwashed with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2), the filtrate was concentrated invacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel (eluent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound131d (15 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131e

A suspension of compound 131d (13 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(14 mg, 0.03 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(eluent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 131e (8mg, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131

A solution of compound 131e (8 mg, 0.02 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.2 mL), NH₃—H₂O(0.3 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. Then, themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 131 (2.0 mg, 25%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.45 (m, 2H,), 7.00-7.10 (m,1H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 1H),3.08 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.70 (m, 3H),1.30-1.45 (m, 1H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.66 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=408.2 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 97 Synthesis of Compound 132

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 132b

To a solution of compound 132a (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.3 mmol). After stirring for 5 min,bromomethyl-cyclopropane (20 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent: petroleum ether:ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 132b (13 mg, 35%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 132c

A suspension of compound 132b (13 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(13 mg, 0.04 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 132c (7 mg,45%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 132

A solution of compound 132c (7 mg, 0.017 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL),NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuum to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 132 (2.9 mg, 40%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.60-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.40-6.45 (s,1H), 3.50-3.55 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H),2.95-3.00 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.10 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 3H),1.40-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.00-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.50 (m,2H), 0.15-0.25 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.56 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=386.1 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 98 Synthesis of Compound 133

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 133b

To a solution of compound 133a (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.3 mmol). After stirring for 5 min,trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl ester (23 mg, 0.13mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h.The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givethe residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(eluent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 133b (14mg, 35%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 133c

A suspension of compound 133b (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(14 mg, 0.03 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuoand the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 133c (8 mg, 55%) asa white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 133

A solution of compound 133c (8 mg, 0.018 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL),NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (1 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. Then,the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 133 (7.0 mg, 75%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.75-6.85 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H),6.65-6.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.55-6.60 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.35 (m, 2H),3.20-3.30 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.00 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.10 (d,J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.30 (m, 1H).LCMS: t_(R)=1.57 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.1 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE I-0 Synthesis of(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one A.Synthesis of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione(4)-Method 1

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

Under N₂, triton B (benzyl(tri-methyl)-ammonium hydroxide, 40% in MeOH,2.48 mL) was added to a solution of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (1) (26.1 g,0.124 mol) in toluene (200 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 50° C.for 10 minutes. Acrylic methyl ester (31 mL, 0.286 mol) was added at 50°C., and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. After being cooledto room temperature, the mixture was poured into water (150 mL), andextracted with DCM (100 mL×4). The combined organic phases were driedover Na₂SO₄, and evaporated, and purified by column chromatography onsilica gel (PE/EA=10:1) to give compound 2 (39 g, 83%) as a yellow oil.¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.75-7.81 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.58 (d, 1H),7.22-7.28 (d, 1H), 3.51-3.55 (s, 3H), 2.85-2.99 (s, 2H), 2.10-2.25 (m,4H), 1.80-1.95 (m, 4H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A solution of compound 2 (34 g, 88.7 mmol) in toluene (400 mL) was addeddropwise to a flask containing Na (2.24 g, 97.6 mmol) and dry toluene(100 mL) at refluxing at 120° C. The reaction mixture was heated at 120°C. for 28 hours, cooled to room temperature, and poured into a mixtureH₂O (370 mL) and 4N HCl solution (37 mL) to afford a white suspension.This mixture was extracted with AcOEt (100 mL×4), evaporated, andpurified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE/EA=10:1) to givecompound 3 (22.11 g, 71%) as white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHZ): 612.1(s, 1H), 7.82-7.85 (s, 1H), 7.61-7.65 (d, 1H), 7.22-7.25 (d, 1H),3.60-3.65 (s, 3H), 2.91-2.85 (d, 2H), 2.35-2.50 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.15 (d,1H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.52 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a suspension of compound 3 (22.1 g, 63.0 mmol) in MeOH (221 mL) wasadded a solution of NaOH (10.20 g, 0.255 mol) in H₂O (331 mL) at roomtemperature. The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. overnight. Thesolvent was removed in vacuo, and extracted with DCM (250 mL×3). Thecombined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuoto afford compound 4 (15.33 g, 83%) as a white solid, which was used forthe next step directly without purification. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.84 (s, 1H), 7.60-7.71 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.36 (d, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H),2.60-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.23 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.87 (m,2H).

Note: 1. this reaction was completed under reflux at 120° C. (oil bath)for 2 h.

2. Compound 3 couldn't be dissolved in MeOH completely, which didn'taffect the reaction.

After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was a suspension.

B. Synthesis of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione(4)-Method 2

To a solution of compound 1 (20 g, 95 mmol) and methyl acrylate (18 g,201 mmol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL) was added t-BuOK (16 g, 114 mmol)portionwise at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour. Water (400 mL) and KOH (5.32 g, 95 mmol)were added. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux overnight. 3 NHCl (150 mL) was added and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (500 mL×2). The organiclayers were washed with NaHCO₃ (150 mL), brine (150 mL) and dried overNa₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo to give compound 4 as a grey solid (23 g,83% yield), which was used for next step without purification. ¹H NMR(300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.60-7.71 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.36 (d, 1H),3.11 (s, 2H), 2.60-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.23 (m, 2H),1.75-1.87 (m, 2H).

C. Synthesis of(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (6)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4 (3′H)-dione (4) (19 g, 62.9mmol, 97% purity in HPLC) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (600 mL) andwas cooled to −78° C. NaBH₄ (0.951 g, 25.1 mmol) was added portionwiseto the reaction mixture at −78° C. No more than 5 min, TLC (Hexane:EtOAc=1:1) showed the starting material 4 was consumed. CH₃OH (140 mL)and EtOAc (280 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was allowed towarm to room temperature. Water (280 mL) was added and the solution wasconcentrated in vacuo to remove THF and CH₃OH. EtOAc (200 mL) was addedto dissolve the residue. The organic layer was separated and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (600 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to give the mixture of compound 5 and compound 5A (21 g), whichwas used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of(1r,40-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

The mixture of compound 5 and compound 5A (21 g, 71.1 mmol) wasdissolved in anhydrous THF (300 mL) and was cooled to 0° C. NaH (11.38g, 474 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) was added portionwise to the reactionmixture at 0° C. After being stirred for 15 min at the same temperature,MeI (121.2 g, 854 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and stirred at roomtemperature overnight. TLC (Hexane: EtOAc=5:1) showed the startingmaterial was consumed. EtOH (200 mL) and brine (400 mL) was added. Theorganic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (3×200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crudeproduct (31 g), which was purified by column chromatography on silicagel (Hexane: EtOAc=100:1˜30:1) to give pure1r,40-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (6)(9.43 g, 62%) as a yellowish solid. LCMS: t_(R)=4.749 min in 7 minchromatography MS (ESI) m/z 309.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.87(s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H),3.27 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 2H),1.36 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE I-1 Synthesis of Hydantoin—Method 1

To a solution of compound I-1 (3.1 g, 10 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (22 mL, 22 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂) under a nitrogen atmosphere.After stirring at room temperature for 1 h,bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (4.5 mL, 20 mmol) was added. Afteraddition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Then the mixture was poured into ˜200 g crashed ice, theorganic layer was seperated and the aqueous layer was extracted withCH2Cl2, the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO4,filtered and evaporated, the crude product was used directly for thenext step without purification. The crude product of compound I-2 (3.3g, 10 mmol), KCN (2.6 g, 40 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (9.7 g, 100 mmol) weredissolved in EtOH (20 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). After heated at 75° C. in asteel autoclave overnight, the reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature and poured into H₂O. The precipitate was collected byfiltration then washed with H₂O and EtOH. The yellow solid obtained wasdried under vacuum and used in next step directly without purification.

EXAMPLE I-2 Synthesis of Acylguanidine I-6

Procedure for Preparation of Hydantoin I-3—Method 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (700 mg,2.27 mmol), KCN (294 mg, 4.53 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.63 g, 16.98 mmol) andformamide (25 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h. Thereaction mixture was then cooled and poured over ice. Afteracidification with concentrated HCl (30 mL), the mixture was filtratedto collect the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) andwashed with water (2×150 mL). The combined organic phase was dried andconcentrated to give compound I-3 (550 mg, 61%) as a white solid, whichwas used for the next step without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz):δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.21 (m,2H), 2.92 (s, 1H), 1.91-2.26 (m, 3H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.33(m, 2H), 1.21 (m, 3H), 0.80 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-4

A suspension of compound I-3 (1 g, 2.64 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(1.68 g, 2.64 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) was heated at 150°C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentratedin vacuo and the residue was purified by column (petroleum ether:EtOAc=8:1 to 5:1) to give compound I-4 as a yellow solid (390 mg, 37%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-5

To a solution of compound I-4 (300 mg, 0.76 mmol) in CH₃CN (20 mL) wasadded a solution of K₂CO₃ (423 mg, 3.04 mmol) and MeI (447 mg, 3.04mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min in a CEMmicrowave reactor. Then MeI (447 mg, 3.04 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for another 10 min. The solutionwas filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue,which was purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to afford compound I-5 (151 mg, 47%) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),6.88 (s, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.16-2.91 (m, 6H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.78(m, 3H), 1.67 (t, 1H), 1.49 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.27 (m, 1H), 1.08 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-6

A solution of compound I-5 (45 mg, 0.10 mmol), NH₄I (78 mg, 0.53 mmol)in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEMtube in a microwave reactor reactor for 3 h. After cooling, the mixturewas concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was dissolved inCH₂Cl₂, filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givecompound I-6 (25 mg, 60%) as a white solid, which was used for the nextstep without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.22(m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 6H), 3.15 (4, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.55 (s, 2H), 2.11(m, 4H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 3H), 1.42 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 99 Synthesis of Compound 134

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134b

To a solution of compound 134a (1.2 g, 3.88 mmol) in HCONH₂ (15 mL) wasadded KCN (0.52 g, 7.76 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (3.68 g, 38.8 mmol) at roomtemperature. The mixture was stirred in a steel autoclave at 90° C. for72 h. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixturewas then cooled and poured into ice water (25 mL). After acidificationwith concentrated HCl (5 mL), the mixture was filtrated to give thesolid product (0.9 g yield 62%), which was used for the next stepwithout purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 10.75 (s, 1H), 8.43(s, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s,1H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 2.81 (d, 1H), 1.97 (d, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m,3H), 1.15 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134c

To a solution of compound 134b (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) wasadded ethyl bromide (60 mg, 0.56 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (72 mg, 0.8 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showedthat the reaction was completed. The solution was extracted with EtOAc(2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by preparative TLC to give compound 134c (140 mg, 66%) as ayellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134d

To a solution of compound 134c (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent(40 mg, 0.10 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (5 mL) was stirred in microwaveat 150° C. for 50 min. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. Themixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by preparative TLC to give compound 134d (12 mg, 29%). ¹H NMR(CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.39 (d, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.75 (m,3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 1H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 1.97 (m, 3H), 1.25 (m,8H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134e

To a solution of compound 134d (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) andNH₃.H₂O (1 mL) was added t-BuOOH (0.4 g, 65 wt % in water). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showed that thereaction was completed. The solution was concentrated under reducedpressure and water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×15mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound134e (15.3 mg, 80%) as solid, which was used for the next step withoutpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134

To a solution of compound 134e (36 mg, 0.089 mmol) and compound 134A(16.4 mg, 0.133 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (5 mL) was added CS₂CO₃ (0.7mL, 2 mol/L) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.36 mg) under nitrogen. The mixture wasstirred in microwave at 120° C. for 15 min. TLC showed that the reactionwas completed. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and RP-HPLCto give compound 134 (4.7 mg, 13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.866min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405.2 [MH+]; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 9.1 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, 1H), 7.95 (t, 1H), 7.81 (d,1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 3.75 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s,1H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.95 (d, 1H), 1.48 (m, 5H), 1.25 (t,3H).

EXAMPLE 100 Synthesis of Compound 135

According to a similar synthesis of compound 134, compound 134e (25 mg,0.06 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (10 mg, 0.08 mmol)to give compound 135 (7.6 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.63min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 429 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.9 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.6 (m, 2H), 7.55 (m, 1H),7.47 (s, 1H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.20(m, 3H), 1.95-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.55 (m, 8H).

EXAMPLE 101 Synthesis of Compound 136

According to a similar synthesis of compound 134, compound 134e (25 mg,0.06 mmol) was coupled with 3-chlorophenylboronic acid (10 mg, 0.08mmol) to give compound 136 (7.1 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LCMS:t_(R)=1.73 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 439.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHZ): δ 7.55-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.36-7.38 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 3.70-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m,3H), 1.93-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.38 (m, 5H), 1.12-1.19(m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 102 Synthesis of Compound 137

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 137c

To a solution of compound 137a (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (42.9 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound 137b (48.4 mg, 0.31 mmol),the reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 10 min and at 100° C. foranother 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The precipitate was filteredoff and the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product whichwas purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withhexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 137c (20 mg, 59%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.511 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=442.3[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 137

A solution of compound 137c (20 mg, 0.045 mmol), NH₄I (54.9 mg, 0.45mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated invacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica geleluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and preparative HPLC to givecompound 137 (4.60 mg 25%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.864 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.30 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.6 (s, 1H), 3.79 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.11 (m, 1H),3.10-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.1-1.9 (m, 2H), 1.9-1.8 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.56 (m, 1H),1.51-1.32 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 3H), 1.22-1.15 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 3H),0.70-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.22 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 103 Synthesis of Compound 138

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 138b

To a solution of compound 138a (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and EtBr (33 mg, 0.3 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered andfiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethylacetate=4:1) to give compound 138b (40 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 138

A suspension of compound 138b (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) and NH₄I (100 mg, 0.7mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (3 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 3 h in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residuewas purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=20:1) togive compound 138 (29 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.65 min in3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHZ):δ 7.11-7.18 (m, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 3.48-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.28 (m, 3H),3.02-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.93 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 1H),1.41-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 5H), 1.05-1.10 (m, 3H), 0.72-0.78 (m,2H), 0.54-0.61 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 104 Synthesis of Compound 139

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 139a

To a solution of compound 139A (300 mg, 0.8 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (140 mg, 1 mmol) and BnBr (150 mg, 0.9 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 139a (270 mg, 73%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 2

A suspension of compound 139a (260 mg, 0.55 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(250 mg, 0.61 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) was heated at 150°C. for 180 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentratedin vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=15:1) to give compound 139b (122 mg, 46%) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 139c

A solution of compound 139b (120 mg, 0.25 mmol), t-BuOOH (450 mg, 5mmol), NH₃.H₂O (1 mL) in EtOH (4 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=12:1) to givecompound 139c (37 mg, 31%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 139

A suspension of compound 139c (35 mg, 0.07 mmol), pyridine-3-boronicacid (10 mg, 0.09 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N inwater) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residuewas purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 139 (11 mg, 31%) as awhite solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.42 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z467 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H),8.30-8.40 (m, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.35 (m,5H), 4.84-4.90 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.37 (m, 3H), 3.02-3.19 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.95(m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.42 (m, 3H), 1.10-1.30 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 105 Synthesis of Compound 140

According to a similar synthesis of compound 139, compound 139c (15 mg,0.032 mmol) was coupled with compound 140A (10 mg, 0.064 mmol) to givecompound 140 (4.5 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.997 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=485 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.68 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (m, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 5H), 4.96 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.29(m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 3H), 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 3H), 1.31(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 106 Synthesis of Compound 141

A suspension of compound 139c (10 mg, 0.02 mmol),5-tributylstannanyl-thiazole (4 mg, 0.1 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 0.003mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residuewas purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 141 (2.5 mg, 25%)as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.79 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 473 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.0 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H),7.70-7.72 (dd, J=1.6, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 5H),4.95 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.26 (m, 3H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.78(m, 1H), 1.45-1.48 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 107 Synthesis of Compound 142

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 142b

To a solution of compound 142a (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and BnBr (50 mg, 0.3 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 h. The mixture wasfiltered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleumether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 142b (70 mg, 95%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 142

A suspension of compound 142b (70 mg, 0.125 mmol) and NH₄I (145 mg, 1mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (4 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 3 h in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residuewas purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 142 (15.4 mg, 45%) asa white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.72 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 454.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.44 (m 7H), 7.16 (s,1H), 4.92 (s, 2H), 3.32-3.39 (m, 3H), 3.08-3.19 (m, 3H), 1.99 (m, 2H),2.76 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.94 (m, 2H),0.69-0.74 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 108 Synthesis of Compounds 142, 143 and 144

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 143b

To a solution of compound 143a (1.5 g, 2.74 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (756 mg, 5.48 mmol) and compound 143A (465 mg, 2.74 mmol).The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The solution wasadded water (100 mL), the mixture was filtered to collect the solid anddried in vacuo to give compound 143b (0.7 g, 38%) as a white solid,which was used in next step directly.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 143c

To a solution of compound 143b (470 mg, 1.0 mmol) in toluene (16 mL) wasadded compound 143B (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (20 mg) undernitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45 min in microwave.LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the residue. The residue was partitionedby EtOAc (50 mL) and aqueous CsF (4M, 50 mL). The separated aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL), the combined organic layerswere washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLCon silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1) afforded compound143c (400 mg, 61.4%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 143d

To solution of compound 143c (400 mg, 0.88 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent(356 mg, 0.88 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 30min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentratedin vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1 to give compound 143d (180 mg,43.4%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 142

To a solution of compound 143d (180 mg, 0.382 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH(25 mL) and NH₄OH (5 mL) was added t-BuOOH (690 mg, 7.65 mmol, 65% inwater). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and wasconcentrated in vacuo. Water (15 mL) was added, the mixture wasextracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layer were driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified byHPLC to give compound 142 (120 mg, 68%) as a white solid, which waspurified by prep-SFC to give compound 143 (25 mg, 21%); LC-MS:t_(R)=1.102 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453, 454 [M+H]⁺;SFC :ee=99.7%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (m, 7H), 6.92 (s, 1H),4.74 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 3H), 1.96 (m, 2H),1.82 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 1H), 1.38 (m, 2H), 1.24 (m, 2H),0.88 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H). And compound 144 (40 mg, 33%); LC-MS:t_(R)=1.104 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453, 454 [M+H]⁺;SFC ee=99.0%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (m, 7H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 4.75(m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.01 (m, 3H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.33(m, 4H), 1.18 (m, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 109 Synthesis of Compound 145

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145a

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenserwas charged with6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (145A) (500mg, 1.62 mmol), Et₃N (40 mL) and Et₂NH (8 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. Tothis solution was added CuI (60 mg, 0.3 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (115 mg,0.16 mmol). The system was degassed once again, then ethynylbenzene(145B) (1.65 g, excess) was added and the mixture was heated to 80° C.(oil bath) for 12 h. The reaction was evaporated under reduced pressureand the residue was partitioned between EtOAc (50 mL) and water (30 mL).The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL), and the combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, andconcentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude product waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5%-20%EtOAc in hexane to afford compound 145a (0.5 g, 93%) as a brown oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145b

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 145a (500 mg,1.5 mmol), KCN (200 mg, 3.0 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.1 g, 11.3 mmol),formamide (15 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h.The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured over ice. Afteracidification with concentrated HCl (20 mL), the mixture was filtratedto give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) andwashed with water (150 mL) for 2 times. The combined organic layers weredried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness.The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica geleluting with 10%˜33% EtOAc in hexane to afford compound 145b (0.1 g,82%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 145c

A suspension of compound 145b (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(101 mg, 0.25 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was heated under 150° C.for 35 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 145c (50 mg, 80%) as ayellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145d

To a solution of compound 145c (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in CH₃CN (3.0 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (67 mg, 0.48 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, MeI (68 mg,0.48 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for10 min in microwave and then at 100° C. for another 10 min. The mixturewas filtered and filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure togive compound 145d (50 mg, 80%) as a brown oil, which was used for thenext step directly without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145

A solution of compound 145d (50 mg, 0.113 mmol), NH₄I (164 mg, 1.13mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in aCEM tube under microwave reactor for 3.5 h. After cooling, the mixturewas concentrated under vacuum to give the residue, which was purified bypre-HPLC (basic) to give compound 145 (3.7 mg, 3%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.162 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.51-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.3 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H),3.2-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 3.1 (s, 1H), 1.86-2.1 (m, 3H), 1.3-1.5(m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 110 Synthesis of Compound 146

Applying the same reaction sequence as compound 145, compound 146a (0.5g, 1.61 mmol) was coupled with 3,3-Dimethyl-but-1-yne (146A) (3 mL,excess) to afford compound 146b (300 mg, 50%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR(CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.68(m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.33 (m, 2H), 1.24 (s, 9H).

Compound 146b (300 mg, 0.96 mmol) then condensed to hydantoin 146c (100mg, 27%) as a white solid, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.14(d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.07 (m, 1H),2.95 (s, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.35 (m, 2H),1.24 (s, 9H).

Hydantoin 146c (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (85mg, 0.21 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) to afford compound 146d (42mg, 50%) as a white solid, which was methylated to give compound 146e(30 mg, 66%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.31 (s, 1H),7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m,1H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.81 (m, 2H),1.81-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 9H).

Finally, compound 146e (30 mg, 0.073 mmol) was converted to compound 146(1.7 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.271 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.14(d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H),2.78 (s, 2H) 1.83-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.72 (m, 2H),1.28-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.18 (s, 9H).

EXAMPLE 111 Synthesis of Compound 147

According to a similar synthesis of compound 145, compound 147a (500 mg,1.6234 mmol) was coupled with compound 147A (11.2 g, 56.08 mmol) toafford compound 147b (370 mg, 71%) as a white solid. Compound 147b (370mg, 1.1491 mmol) was then condensed to hydantoin 147c (100 mg, 23%) as awhite solid.

Hydantoin 147c (50 mg, 0.1276 mmol) then was reacted with Lawessonsreagent (58 mg, 0.1531 mmol) to give compound 147d (35 mg, 34%), whichwas methylated to give compound 147e (27 mg, 72%) as a white solid.

Finally, compound 147e (27 mg, 0.06193 mmol) was converted to compound147 (13.0 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.036 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405.9 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.36 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.23-3.07 (m,6H), 3.79-3.88 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.14 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.93 (m, 7H), 1.23-1.55(m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 112 Synthesis of Compound 148

To a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed the alkyne 148a (6 mg, 0.016mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was addedPd/C (<1 mg) and a balloon containing H₂ was attached to the flask. Thereaction atmosphere was flushed twice with H₂ and then allowed to stirat room temperature for 20 minutes. The reaction was filtered throughCelite and the filtrate concentrated under reduce pressure. The crudematerial was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFAas the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated yielding the final product compound 148 (2.7 mg, 0.007mmol, 44% yield). LCMS: M+H=382.1; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.21(m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.70(m, 2H), 1.99-1.83 (m, 3H), 1.47-1.28 (m, 9H), 0.67 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m,2H), 0.01 (m, 2H) ppm.

EXAMPLE 113 Synthesis of Compound 149

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 149b

A mixture containing compound 149a and compound 149A (4 g, 13.6 mmol,60% purity) in CH₃CN (40 mL) was added Ag₂O (9.5 g, 40.8 mmol) and MgSO₄(10 g) at room temperature. After the mixture was stirred for 10 min atroom temperature, EtI (42 g, 172 mmol) was added dropwise to the formersolution. The reaction mixture was heated overnight at 40° C. Themixture was filtered and the filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo to afford crude compound 2, which was purified bycolumn chromatography on silica gel eluting with Hexane: EtOAc=30:1 to5:1 to give compound 149b (0.81 g, 40%) as yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃400 MHz): δ 7.75-7.81 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.28 (m, 1H),3.46-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.90 (s, 2H), 2.00-2.09 (m,2H), 1.55-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 4H), 1.10-1.19 (t, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 149

According to a similar synthesis of compound 145, compound 149b (0.8 g,2.48 mmol)was coupled compound 149B (2 mL, excessive) under a nitrogenatmosphere to give compound 149c (0.51 g, 67%) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR:(CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.49 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.53-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 2H),2.11-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.27 (m, 5H), 1.17-1.12 (m,3H), 0.83 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H).

Compound 149c (0.51 g, 1.65 mmol) was then condensed to hydantoin 149d(160 mg, 25%) as a gray solid. ¹H NMR: (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 10.75 (s,1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 3.43-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.15(m, 1H), 2.99-2.86 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 1H),1.36-1.14 (m, 5H), 1.07-1.02 (m, 3H), 0.87-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.68 (m,2H).

And Compound 149d (130 mg, 0.34 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson'sreagent (139 mg, 0.34 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) to give compound 149e (100mg, 74%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.27(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 3.48-3.43 (m,2H), 3.18-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 1H), 2.01-1.89 (m,3H), 1.40-1.23 (m, 5H), 1.13 (m, 3H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

Compound 149e (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dimethylated with MeI (2 mL,excessive) to give compound 149f (85 mg, 79%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR:(CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=10 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.77(s, 1H), 3.46-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.93(s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.50 (m, 1H),1.38-1.17 (m, 4H), 1.13-1.06 (m, 4H), 0.77-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.66 (m,2H).

Finally, compound 149f (30 mg, 0.071 mmol) was converted to compound 149(8 mg, 29%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.124 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.13 (m, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.12 (m, 1H),3.03-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.71 (m, 1H),1.55-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.15 (m, 5H), 1.12-1.06 (m, 3H), 0.79-0.76 (m,2H), 0.63-0.57 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 114 Synthesis of Compounds 150 and 151

According to a similar synthesis of compound 145, compound 150a (0.7 g,2.38 mmol) was coupled with compound 150A (2 mL, excessive) to givecompound 150b (0.53 g, 79%) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.67 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.49 (dd, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.26 (m, 1H), 3.69 (m,1H), 2.94 (s, 2H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.47 (m,1H), 1.44-1.31 (m, 5H), 0.86-0.77 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.71 (m, 2H).

Compound 150b (0.53 g, 1.89 mmol) was then condensed to hydantoin 150c(0.27 g, 41%) as a gray solid. ¹H NMR: (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 10.74 (s,1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.58 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.88(m, 2H), 1.84-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.57-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.16 (m, 5H),1.06-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.87-0.86 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.69 (m, 2H).

A mixture of compound 150c (160 mg, 0.46 mmol), TBSCl (104 mg, 0.69mmol) and imidazol (78 mg, 1.15 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (10mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×3). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated todryness. The crude product was purified by prep-TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=2:1) to give compound 150d (94 mg, 44%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR:(CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.36-7.34 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.19 (m, 2H),3.64-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.57 (m,2H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.21 (m, 2H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.88-0.86 (m,2H), 0.85-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.09 (s, 6H).

Then compound 150d (60 mg, 0.129 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson'sreagent (52 mg, 0.129 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) to give compound 150e (38mg, 61%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.29-7.26 (m,1H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.93 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.29 (m,10H), 0.88-0.76 (m, 11H), 0.75-0.70 (m, 2H), 0.01 (s, 6H).

Compound 150e (40 mg, 0.083 mmol) was dimethylated with MeI (1 mL,excessive) and K₂CO₃ (46 mg, 0.33 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) to give compound150f (25 mg, impure), which was converted to compound 150g (20 mg),which was used in next step directly without purification.

Finally, compound 150g (20 mg, 0.042 mmol) in HC1/MeOH (5 N, 5 mL) wasstirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purifiedby prep-HPLC (basic) to give compound 150 (2.4 mg, 11% for 3 steps),LC-MS: t_(R)=1.025 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 364.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.27-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H),3.49-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.09 (s, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.77 (m, 3H),1.62-1.24 (m, 7H), 0.91-0.83 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.67 (m, 2H); and compound151 (2.3 mg, 10% for 3 steps), LC-MS: t_(R)=1.073 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 364.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHZ): δ7.28-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.03 (m, 5H),1.98-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.60 (m, 5H), 1.57-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.04 (m,1H), 0.91-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.68 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 115 Synthesis of Compound 152

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 152b

To a solution of compound 152a (300 mg, 0.8 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (220 mg, 0.95 mmol) and 2-iodo-propane (160 mg, 0.9 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture wasfiltered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleumether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 152b (300 mg, 90%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 152c

A suspension of compound 152b (120 mg, 0.3 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(240 mg, 0.6 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was heated at 150° C.for 60 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 152c as a yellowsolid (63 mg, 50%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 152

A solution of compound 152c (40 mg, 0.09 mmol), t-BuOOH (180 mg, 1.9mmol) and NH₃.H₂O (1 mL) in EtOH (4 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h.The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=15:1) to givecompound 152 (23 mg, 60%) as a white solid.

EXAMPLE 116 Synthesis of Compound 153

A suspension of compound 152 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol), 3-chrolophenylboronicacid (10 mg, 0.06 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N inwater) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in aCEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 153 (7.9 mg,55%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.79 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 452.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.67 (d, 2H),7.50-7.56 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (d, 2H), 7.43-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.38 (s,1H), 4.27-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.25 (m, 3H), 1.94-2.13 (m,3H), 1.33-1.53 (m, 11H).

EXAMPLE 117 Synthesis of Compound 154

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (10 mg,0.024 mmol) was coupled with 3-cycnophenylboronic acid (4 mg, 0.024mmol) to give compound 154 (4.3 mg, 45%) as a white solid. LCMS:t_(R)=1.71 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 443 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.88-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.70 (m, 1H),7.57-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.28(m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.20 (m, 3H), 1.91-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.66(m, 1H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 118 Synthesis of Compound 155

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (10 mg,0.024 mmol) was coupled with 3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyridineboronic acid (6mg, 0.024 mmol) to give compound 155 (5.3 mg, 52%) as a white solid.LCMS: t_(R)=1.71 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 2H),7.66-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.26(m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.22 (m, 3H), 1.94-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.61-1.70(m, 1H), 1.31-1.47 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 119 Synthesis of Compound 156

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (10 mg,0.024 mmol) was coupled with compound 156A (17 mg, 0.0714 mmol) to giveproduct compound 156 (6 mg, 29%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.977 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 444 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300MHz): δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=7.8 Hz,1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H),3.17 (m, 3H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 6H),1.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 120 Synthesis of Compound 157

To a solution of compound 152 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) wasadded Pd/C (10 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated togive the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to givecompound 157 (3.0 mg, 19%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.935 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 342 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ7.41 (s, 2H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (m, 1H), 3.38(s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.17-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.58 (m, 3H),1.48-1.23 (m, 8H).

EXAMPLE 121 Synthesis of Compound 158

A suspension of compound 152 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol), CuCN (30 mg, excess)and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (8 mg) in dry DMF (2 mL) was heated under 180° C. for 45min in a CEM microwave reactor. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixturewas extracted with EtOAc (10 mL*3). The organic layer was washed withwater, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 158 (8.0 mg, 51%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.916 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z367 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H),2.07 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 3H), 1.38 (m,4H), 1.34-1.22 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 122 Synthesis of Compound 159

According to a similar synthesis of 153, compound 152 (20 mg, 0.047mmol) was coupled with compound 159A (12 mg, 0.094 mmol) to givecompound 159 (10.6 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.118 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 496 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.16 (s, 1H), 7.95-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.57 (m, 2H),4.29-4.36 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H) 3.26-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.23 (d, 2H),3.19 (s, 3H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.97 (m, 1H),1.49-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.49 (m, 6H), 1.31-1.41 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 123 Synthesis of Compound 160

According to a similar synthesis of 153, compound 152 (40 mg, 0.095mmol) was coupled with compound 160A (30 mg, 0.19 mmol) to give compound160 (15.0 mg, 35%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.026 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.41(d, J=5.2. Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.58 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 3H), 2.23 (m, 1H),2.04 (m, 1H), 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.49 (m, 10H), 1.37 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 124 Synthesis of Compounds 161 and 162

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (200 mg,0.476 mmol) was coupled with compound 161C (137 mg, 0.714 mmol) to givecompound 155 (105 mg, 47%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.164 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ9.01 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.58 (m, 3H), 4.33 (m,1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 3H), 2.17-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.57 (m, 10H), 1.37(m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −63.915

Compound 155 (50 mg) was separated by SFC to give compound 162 (10.30mg) LC-MS t_(R)=1.169 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487[M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=5.16 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%; ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.38(s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.47(m, 4H), 1.38 (m, 4H), 1.31 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ−63.96.

and compound 161 (11.30 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.169 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.77 min in 15min chromatography, ee=100%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.06 (s, 1H),8.87 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 3H), 2.10 (m,1H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.39 (m, 4H), 1.30 (m,2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −63.96.

EXAMPLE 125 Synthesis of Compound 163

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (20 mg,0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 163A (12 mg, 0.071 mmol) to givecompound 163 (10.0 mg, 47%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.973 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.77 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.61(s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m,3H), 2.17 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.45 (m, 10H), 1.38(m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 126 Synthesis of Compound 164

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (20 mg,0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 164A (14 mg, 0.095 mmol) to givecompound 164 (5.1 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.990 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 437 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ8.69 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=7.8 Hz,1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H),3.19 (m, 3H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.45 (m, 10H), 1.36(m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −128.30.

EXAMPLE 127 Synthesis of Compound 165

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 165b

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was chargedwith a mixture of compound 165a (0.50 g, 1.4 mmol), Lawesson's reagent(0.60 g, 1.5 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 4 h.After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered off and washed withethyl acetate (2×40 mL). The filtrate and the washing were concentratedin vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silicagel eluting with petroleum ether: EtOAc (20:1 to 5:1) to give compound165b (0.34 g, 64%) with 80% purity as a pale brown solid.

LC-MS: t_(R)=1.94 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 381.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 165c

A flask was charged with compound 165b (40 mg, 0.11 mmol), 2-iodopropane(75 mg, 0.44 mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.72 mmol) and DMF (2 mL). Thereaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Theprecipitate was filtered of and washed with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), and thefiltrate and washings were concentrated under vacuum and the residue wasdissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). The mixture was washed with brine (2×20mL). The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedin vacuo to give crude compound 165c (40 mg, 78% crude yield) as ayellow oil, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 165

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 165c (40 mg, 0.086mmol), NH₄I (0.10 g, 0.69 mmol) and a solution of NH₃ in ethanol (2 mL).The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h.After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo andthe resulting residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to givecompound 165 (19.0 mg, 54.3%) with the purity of 99% as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.75 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.25-7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.15 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.30 (m, 1H),3.30-3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.10 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H),2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m,11H), 0.80-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 128 Synthesis of Compound 166

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166b

To a solution of compound 166a (263 mg, 0.62 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10mL) was added compound 166A (190 mg, 0.75 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (79 mg),KOAc (182.3 mg, 1.86 mmol), the mixture was carried under microwave at100° C. for 1 h under N₂. Then filtered, the filtrate was concentratedto give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC(hexanes:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 166b (238.9 mg, 95%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166c

Compound 166b (238.9 mg, 0.51 mmol) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ wastreated sequentially with compound 3A (50 mg, 0.255 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane(2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.38 mL, 0.765 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg). Themixture was heated under 120° C. under N₂ in a CEM microwave for 15 min.The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=1:1) to givecompound 166c (100 mg, 97%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166d

A suspension of compound 166c (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent(88 mg, 0.22 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated 130° C. for 60minis in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure, and purified by preparative TLC with petroleumether: EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 166d (56 mg, 54%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166

To a solution of compound 166d (56 mg, 0.12 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH(3 mL) and NH₄OH (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (346 mg, 2.4 mmol, 65% inwater). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, andconcentrated. Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) were added, and theorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residuewhich was purified by HPLC to give compound 166 (5.8 mg, 11%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.014 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 457[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.60 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 8.00 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 4.20 (m,2H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 1.99 (m, 4H), 1.85 (m,2H), 1.40 (m, 3H), 1.36 (m, 7H), 1.21 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 129 Synthesis of Compound 167

A solution of compound 166 (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Pd/C (3 mg) in MeOH (5mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated, added CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL), filtered, concentrated, and purifiedby preparative HPLC (0.1% TFA as additive) to give compound 167 (3.0 mg,21%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=0.917 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 461 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s,1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 4.36 (m,2H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m,1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.79 (m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 4H), 1.48 (m,6H), 1.37 (m, 1H), 1.05 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 130 Synthesis of Compound 168

According to a similar synthesis of compound 166, compound 166b (100 mg,0.213 mmol) was coupled with compound 168A (103 mg, 0.426 mmol) to givecompound 168a (60 mg, 56%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.326 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=503.1, 506.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN 400MHz): δ 7.45-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 2H),4.07-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.07-2.10 (m, 2H),1.74-1.83 (m, 6H), 1.23-1.27 (m, 6H).

Compound 168a (114 mg, 0.227 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent(92 mg, 0.227 mmol) to give compound 168b (80 mg, 68%) as a yellowsolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.401 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=519.0, 521.0 [M+H]⁺. Compound 168b (80 mg, 0.154 mmol) was thenconverted to compound 168 (3.4 mg, 34%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.070 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=502.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.53-7.56 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.41 (d,J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.30 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 2H),4.19-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.12 (m, 3H), 1.99-2.02 (m, 1H),1.81-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.43 (m, 6H), 1.18-1.36 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 131 Synthesis of Compound 169

A solution containing compound 168 (45 mg, 0.09 mmol) and compound 169A(89 mg, 0.27 mmol) in toluene (1 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling astream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then,Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. Thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue. Theresidue was partitioned by EtOAc (50 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4M, 50 mL).The aqueous layer was extracted by EtOAc (2×50 mL), the combined organiclayers were washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC afforded compound 169 (3.4 mg,8%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.114 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=462.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.91-7.93 (dd, J=1.6,8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.53 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),4.30-4.37 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.28 (m, 3H), 2.03-2.13 (m, 4H),1.94-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.33-1.42 (m, 8H).

EXAMPLE 132 Synthesis of Compound 170

According to a similar synthesis of compound 166, compound 166b (50 mg,0.107 mmol) was coupled with compound 170A (52 mg, 0.213 mmol) to givecompound 170a (40 mg, 74%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.260 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=504.1, 506.1 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 170a (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent(81 mg, 0.20 mmol) to give compound 170b (80 mg, 78%) as a yellow solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.593 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=522.2[M+H]⁺. Compound 170b (80 mg, 0.154 mmol) was then converted to compound170 with 60% purity (60 mg, 46%) as a white solid. 15 mg of the productwas further purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 170 (5.3 mg,58%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.044 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z=503.1, 505.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.93-7.95(dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.54 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 4.29-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.27 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.13(m, 1H), 1.94-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.47-1.50 (m, 3H),1.32-1.39 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 133 Synthesis of Compound 171

According to a similar synthesis of compound 169, compound 170 (50 mg,0.1 mmol) was coupled with compound 171A (99 mg, 0.3 mmol) to givecompound 171 (9.4 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.158 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=463.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.40-7.42 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.22 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (s,1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 4.10-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.06 (m, 1H),2.91-2.99 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.83 (m,2H), 1.45-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.33 (m, 3H), 1.19-1.27 (m, 5H), 1.13-1.17(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 134 Synthesis of Compound 172

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172b

A mixture of compound 172a (1 g, 4.22 mmol), compound 172A (474 mg, 4.22mmol), CuI (241 mg, 1.27 mmol), Et₃N (1.4 g, 13.9 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (244mg, 0.21 mmol) in toluene (200 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3h before it was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×100 mL) and water (200 mL). Theorganic layer was dried, evaporated and the residue was purified bycolumn chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc=100:1) to give compound 172b (200mg, 24%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.48 (d, J=12.4 Hz,2H), 7.74 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172d

To a solution of compound 172c (120 mg, 0.31 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL)was added compound 172B (93.3 mg, 0.37 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (36 mg), KOAc(91.1 mg, 0.93 mmol), the mixture was carried under microwave at 100° C.for 1 h under N₂. Then filtered, the filtrate was concentrated to givethe residue which was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=3:1) togive compound 172d (100 mg, 74%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172e

PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treatedsequentially with compound 172d (224.6 mg, 0.51 mmol), in 1,4-dioxane (2mL), and compound 172b (50 mg, 0.225 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.38 mL, 0.765mmol). The mixture was heated under 120° C. at N₂ under microwave for 15min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=1:1) to givecompound 172e (100 mg, 91%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172f

A suspension of compound 172e (49 mg, 0.11 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent(46 mg, 0.11 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated 140° C. for 40min in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure, and purified by preparative TLC(hexanes:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 172f (30 mg, 59%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172

To a solution of compound 172f (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH(3 mL) and NH₄OH (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (128 mg, 1.35 mmol, 65% inwater). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, andconcentrated. Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) were added, and theorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residuewhich was purified by HPLC to give compound 172 (13.4 mg, 46%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.894 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 429 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.72 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.53(d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s,3H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m,1H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 135 Synthesis of Compound 173

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 173c

To a solution of compound 173a (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (22.3 mg, 0.16 mmol), and compound 173b (9.6 mg, 0.08 mmol),the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 15 min in microwave, theprecipitate was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to give thecrude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica geleluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 173c (23 mg, 68%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (m,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.65 (d, J=6.8 Hz,2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.0-1.90 (m,2H), 1.49-1.39 (m, 6H), 1.39-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.18 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 6H),0.68-0.58 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.27 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 173d

To a solution of compound 173c (23 mg, 0.055 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (24.7 mg, 0.06 mmol) under N₂, themixture was stirred at 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 40 min.After cooling, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo to givethe crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica geleluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 173d (15 mg, 63%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.504 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=429.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 173

To a solution of compound 173d (15 mg, 0.035 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL) wasadded t-BuOOH (0.5 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (1.5 mL), the mixture was stirred atroom temperature overnight, the reaction was completed detecting byLCMS. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and then by preparative HPLC to givecompound 173 (3.0 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.867 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=412.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 4.24 (m,1H), 3.78 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.04 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.93(m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.44 (d, J=6.8 Hz,3H), 1.44-1.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 3H), 1.39-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.22 (m, 4H),0.60-0.58 (m, 2H), 0.33-0.32 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 136 Synthesis of Compounds 174 and 175

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 174b

To a solution of compound 174a (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN(10 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (115.6 mg, 0.82 mmol) andbromomethyl-cyclopropane (62.6 mg, 0.46 mmol). The resulting suspensionwas stirred at 60° C. for 5 h. The precipitate was filtered off and thefiltrate was concentrated to give the crude product which was purifiedby preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate=3:1 to give compound 174b (100 mg, 55%); LC-MS: t_(R)=1.216 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=413.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 174 and 175

The same synthesis for compound 173 was applied for this synthesis, andcompound 174b (100 mg, 0.24 mmol) gave compound 174c (67 mg, 65%), whichwas converted to compound 173. Preparative SFC to give compound 174(12.8 mg, 11%); LC-MS: t_(R)=0.988 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=412.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.26 min in 16 min chromatography, ee%=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.25-7.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),6.90-6.82 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.40-4.10 (m, 1H),3.80-3.74 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.90 (m,2H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.40(d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.35 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.35-1.15 (m, 5H),0.70-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.30 (m, 2H); and compound 175 (10.0 mg, 15%),LC-MS: t_(R)=0.992 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=412.1[M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=7.76 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=98%. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.13-7.06 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83-6.74 (dd, J=2.0,8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.60 (d, J=6.8 Hz,2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.91 (m,1H), 1.90-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.30 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H),1.30-1.25 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.25-1.05 (m, 1H), 1.10-1.00 (m, 4H),0.60-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.11 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 137 Synthesis of Compound 176

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 176b

To a solution of compound 176a (500 mg, 2.02 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (559 mg, 4.04 mmol), and compound 176A (516.6 mg, 2.22mmol), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Thereaction was added with H₂O (10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 176b (400mg, 60%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 4.33 (dd, J=8.0, 40.4 Hz, 2H),3.43 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 1.97-2.06 (m, 2H),1.73-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.45 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 176

According to a similar synthesis for Acylguanidine I-6 described inExample I-2, compound 176b (400 mg, 1.21 mmol), was condensed tohydantoin 176c (80 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.080 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=399.1 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 176c (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent(50.7 mg, 0.12 mmol) to afford compound 176d (25 mg, 50%) as a whitesolid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.250 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.1[M+H]

Compound 176d (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) was then dialkylated with2-iodo-propane (40.7 mg, 0.24 mmol) to give compound 176e (15 mg, 50%)as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.726 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=499.2 [M+H]

Finally, compound 176e (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) was converted to compound 176(0.8 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LCMS: 694-139-1 t_(R)=1.936 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=440.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.50 (dd,J=6.4, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.07-3.15 (m, 1H),2.98-3.03 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.54 (d, J=11.2 Hz,3H), 1.45 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.27-1.32 (m, 2H). ¹⁹FNMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz):δ −75.806

EXAMPLE 138 Synthesis of Compound 177

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (30 mg, 0.076 mmol) was coupled with compound 177A (24 mg,0.153 mmol) to give compound 177 (15 mg, yield 47%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.025min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 424.0.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ 7.58 (s, 2H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.39 (m, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H),3.05-3.17 (m, 6H), 1.92-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.81 (d, 1H), 1.19-1.45 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 139 Synthesis of Compound 178

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) was coupled with compound 178A (21 mg,0.12 mmol) to give compound 178 (9.1 mg, 32%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.012 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 1H),7.17 (m, 1H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.96-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.93 (s,3H), 1.74-1.93 (m, 3H), 1.51 (m, 1H), 1.17-1.30 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 140 Synthesis of Compound 179

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 was coupled with compound 179A (17 mg, 0.103 mmol) to givecompound 179 (5.6 mg, yield 25%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.956 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.91 (m, 1H), 7.83 (m, 1H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.13 (s, 1H),3.28 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.01-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m,1H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.17 (m, 4H)

EXAMPLE 141 Synthesis of Compound 180

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 was coupled with compound 180A (32 mg, 0.128 mmol) to givecompound 180 (4.4 mg, yield 20%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.056 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 440.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.19 (s, 2H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.43-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.26-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.05 (m,1H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.52 (m, 1H),1.35-1.29 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.20 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 142 Synthesis of Compound 181

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 181A (21.2mg, 0.102 mmol) to give compound 181 (5.6 mg, yield 25%). LC-MSt_(R)=1.035 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 476.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.69-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.46-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.25 (s,1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.08 (m, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.85 (m, 3H),1.72-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.18 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 143 Synthesis of Compound 182

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 182A (19 mg,0.102 mmol) to give compound 182 (1.56 mg, yield 7%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.071min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃400 MHz): δ 7.38-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H),3.18 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (m, 5H), 1.85-1.98 (m, 3H), 1.45 (m, 1H),1.34 (m, 2H), 1.27 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 144 Synthesis of Compound 183

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 183A (16 mg,0.102 mmol) to give compound 183 (3.8 mg, yield 18%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.989min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 426.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ 7.58 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (m,3H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.12 (m,2H), 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.69 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.45 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 145 Synthesis of Compound 184

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 184A (13 mg,0.102 mmol) to give compound 184 (3.9 mg, yield 20%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.737min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 391.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 7.59-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.22 (m, 3H),3.05 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.42(m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 146 Synthesis of Compound 185

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.064 mmol) was coupled with compound 185A (24 mg,0.13 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) to give compound 185 (15 mg, 51%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.072 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.39(s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),3.38 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.29 (m, 6H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.50(m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 147 Synthesis of Compound 186

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.064 mmol) was couple with compound 186A (15 mg,0.095 mmol) to afford compound 186 (7.2 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.969 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 419.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.65-7.62 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.43 (d, J=9.0Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=8.7Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 6H), 3.06-1.82 (m, 3H),1.49-1.39 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 148 Synthesis of Compound 187

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) was coupled with compound 187A (15.7 mg,0.10 mmol) to afford compound 187 (2 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.047 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 425.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 7.48-8.49 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H),7.61-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.44 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H),3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.42 (m,4H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 149 Synthesis of Compound 188

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.052 mmol) was coupled with compound 188A (7 mg,0.052 mmol) to afford product compound 188 (10.0 mg, 48%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=3.580 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 409.3[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),7.97 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.56(m, 1H), 3.8043 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.38 (m, 6H), 2.00-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.90 (m,1H), 1.32-1.52 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 150 Synthesis of Compound 189

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 189A (18 mg,0.13 mmol) to give compound 189 (2.9 mg, 14%). LC-MS: t_(R)=0.922 minmin in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 409.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ 8.07-8.06 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.94-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.41(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 3.26-3.23(s, 3H), 3.12-3.05 (m, 3H), 3.02-2.96 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.76 (m, 4H),1.58-1.51 (t, 1H), 1.37-1.27 (m, 1.5H), 1.21-1.16 (m, 1.7H).

EXAMPLE 151 Synthesis of Compound 190

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27,compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) was coupled with compound 190A (12 mg,0.08 mmol) to give compound 190 (8 mg, 37%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.846 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (methanol-d₄ 400 MHz TMS): δ 8.20 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (br, 1H), 7.17 (br,1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.23 (m, 4H), 3.01 (s, 1H), 2.88(s, 1H), 2.11-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.31 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 152 Synthesis of Compound 191

To a suspension of compound I-6 (39.1 mg, 0.1 mmol), cyclopropylboronicacid (11.2 mg, 0.13 mmol), K₃PO₄ (75 mg, 0.35 mmol) andtricyclohexylphosphine (5.6 mg, 0.02 mmol) in toluene and water (3mL/100 uL) was added Pd(OAc)₂ (3.0 mg, 0.01 mmol) under a N₂ atmosphere,the resulting mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 1 day.After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was extracted with ethylacetate (3×10 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL). The separated organicphase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic)to give compound 191 (2.3 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.925min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 354.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃,400 MHz): δ 7.07-7.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88-6.90 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),6.68 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11 (t, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (s, 3H),2.90-2.92 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 1.95-1.72 (m, 3H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.32 (m,3H), 1.26 (m, 3H), 0.85 (q, 2H), 0.55 (q, 2H).

EXAMPLE 153 Synthesis of Compound 192

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under a nitrogen atmosphere wastreated sequentially with compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane(2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.09 mL, 0.18 mmol) and compound 192A (31.5 mg,0.12 mmol). The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactorunder a nitrogen atmosphere for 15 min. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to givecompound 192 (5.6 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.958 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MH): δ7.83 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.43 (m,1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 1.81-2.04(m, 3H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.46 (m, 4H)

EXAMPLE 154 Synthesis of Compound 193

According to a similar synthesis of compound 192, compound I-6 (20 mg,0.051 mmol) was compound with boronic ester 193A (40 mg, 0.153 mmol) togive compound 193 (1.8 mg, yield 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.999min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 449.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃400 MHz): δ 7.66 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.12(s, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.01 (m, 6H), 1.95 (m, 3H), 1.48 (m, 1H),1.36 (m, 2H), 1.24 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 155 Synthesis of Compound 194

Compound I-6 (16 mg, 0.041 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (5 ml) and Et₂NH(1 ml), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with nitrogen forthree times. Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (2 mg, 0.003 mmol) and CuI (0.57 mg, 0.003mmol) were added under a nitrogen atmosphere and the system was degassedagain. 3-ethynylthiophene (194A) (11 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added bysyringe. The system was degassed one more time, then was heated at50˜60° C. for 12 h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) and preparativeRP-HPLC to afford compound 194 (1.9 mg, 11%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.995 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.46 (m, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),7.31-7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.18 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H),3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.93-2.04 (m, 2H),1.82-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.29 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 156 Synthesis of Compound 195

According to a similar synthesis of compound 194, compound I-6 (16 mg,0.041 mmol) was coupled with 1-ethynylcyclopentanol (195A) (23 mg, 0.204mmol) to afford compound 195 (3.7 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.057 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.29-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H),3.14-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.94-2.03 (m, 6H),1.78-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.43 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 157 Synthesis of Compound 196

To a solution of compound I-6 (50 mg, 0.127 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL)was added compound 196A (120 mg, 0.314 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (10 mg, 0.014mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 125° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 45 min. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure,and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 196(3.4 mg, 6.7%). LC-MS: t_(R)=0.894 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 397.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H),7.56-7.58 (dd, J=1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.50 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.36 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.06(m, 1H), 1.89-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.16-1.36 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 158 Synthesis of Compound 197

According to a similar synthesis of compound 196, compound I-6 (25 mg,0.064 mmol) was coupled with compound 197A (59 mg, 0.16 mmol) to givecompound 197 (1.3 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.948 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ9.03 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86(s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.17-3.03(m, 6H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.19 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 159 Synthesis of Compounds 198 and 199

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 198b

To a solution of compound 198a (2.65 g, 27 mmol) in THF (80 mL) wasadded n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 11.88 mL, 29.7 mmol) at −78° C., and thereaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and at 0° C. 30 min.After being cooled to −78° C., the reaction mixture was treated withn-Bu₃SnCl (9.67 g, 8 mL, 29.7 mmol), and allowed to warm to roomtemperature over 5 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and theresidue was partitioned between diethyl ether (100 mL) and H₂O (80 mL).The diethyl ether layer was washed with brine (80 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Flash chromatography of the crude(Al₂O₃, petroleum) afforded compound 198b as a colorless oil (9.4 g,90%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 198c

A solution containing compound I-6 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) and compound 198b(246 mg, 0.635 mmol) in toluene (4 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling astream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then,PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placedinto CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 30 min. Afterbeing cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4M, 8 mL), and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 198c (30 mg, 58%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 198 and 199

Anhydrous K₂CO₃ (100 mg, 0.7 mmol) and compound 198c (30 mg, 0.07 mmol)were suspended in MeOH (2 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h.LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL),washed with brine (2×10 mL) and the organic layer was dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of thisresidue by preparative HPLC (basic) afforded compound 198 (6.80 mg,29%), LC-MS t_(R)=0.890 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 338.1[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38-7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.29-7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H),3.10-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.85 (m, 1H),1.57-1.65 (m, 1H). 1.23-1.44 (m, 4H); and by-product compound 199 (8.20mg, 35%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=0.815 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 340.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.21-7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H),6.56-6.63 (q, 1H), 5.58-5.62 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 5.05-6.07 (d, J=11.2Hz, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.88-3.07 (m, 6H), 1.84-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.75(m, 1H), 1.47-1.54 (m, 1H). 1.12-1.35 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 160 Synthesis of Compound 200

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200b

To a solution of compound 200a (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DMF (2 mL), K₂CO₃(116 mg, 1.06 mmol) and MeI (60 mg, 0.53 mmol) was added subsequently.After stirring for 3 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (3mL), the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water,dried in vacuo to give compound 200b (160 mg, 77% crude yield) as awhite solid, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200d

The crude product of compound 200b (160 mg 0.41 mmol), compound 200c(155 mg, 0.6 mmol), KOAc (120 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (94 mg, 0.08mmol) were suspended in anhydrous dioxane (2 mL) under a nitrogenatmosphere and then was heated at 90° C. for 4 h. The mixture wasdiluted with water (5 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combinedorganic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to givethe crude product 200d, which was used for next step without furtherpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200f

The crude product of compound 200d was dissolved in dioxane (2 mL) undera nitrogen atmosphere. Compound 200e (96 mg, 0.41 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (90mg, 0.08 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (2.0 M aq. 0.5 mL) were added subsequentlyunder a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 90° C.overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified onpreparative TLC eluting with EtOAc to give compound 200f (50 mg, 30%yield for two steps) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200g

A solution of compound 200f (28 mg, 0.066 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(67 mg, 0.166 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was stirred at 140° C.for 30 min in a microwave reactor. LCMS showed that the reaction wascompleted, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and theresidue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 200g (20 mg, 66%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200

A mixture of compound 200g (20 mg, 0.044 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide(122 mg, ca. 65% solution in water, 0.88 mmol) in ammonia (1 mL) andMeOH (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, LCMS showed thatthe reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure to dryness, which was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 200 (5.6 mg,25%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.826 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 421.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.69-7.71 (d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.62 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30(s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.68-6.70 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.33(s, 3H), 3.11-3.21 (q, 3H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 1.93-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.88(m, 1H), 1.61-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 161 Synthesis of Compound 201

According to a similar synthesis of compound 200, compound 200d wascoupled with compound 201a (99 mg, 0.38 mmol) to give compound 201b (70mg, 59% yield). Compound 201b (70 mg, 0.16 mmol) was reacted withLawesson's reagent (64 mg, 0.16 mmol) to give compound 201c (20 mg,26%), which was converted to final product compound 201 (3.5 mg, 18%) asa white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.887 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 447.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (methanol-d₄ 400 MHz TMS): δ 7.70-7.73 (m, 2H),7.60 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=7.2 Hz,1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.14 (m, 7H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.88 (m,1H), 1.48-1.31 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.15 (m, 2H), 0.97-0.95 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 162 Synthesis of Compound 202

According to a similar synthesis of compound 200, compound 200d wascoupled with compound 202a (89 mg, 0.38 mmol) to give compound 202b (70mg, 65% yield). Compound 202b (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) was then reacted withLawesson's reagent (67 mg, 0.17 mmol) to give compound 202c (25 mg,33%), which was converted to the final product compound 202 (3.5 mg,14.5%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.828 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z422.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (methanol-d₄ 400 MHz TMS): δ 8.32 (s, 1H),7.81-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.82(s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 6H), 2.12-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.88(m, 1H), 1.52-1.43 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.25 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 163 Synthesis of Compound 203

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203a

To a solution of compound 200b (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at −78°C. was added n-BuLi (2.5 M, 0.48 mL). The reaction mixture was stirredat −78° C. for 2 h. Then, Bu₃SnCl (150 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added andstirred at −78° C. for 2 h more. The mixture was warmed up to 10° C. andquenched by addition with saturated NH₄Cl (5 mL). The mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate (2×30 mL). The organic fractions wereconcentrated to give crude compound 203a (230 mg, 100% crude) as ayellow oil, which was used directly in the next step without furtherpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203b

A suspension of compound 203a (230 mg, 0.4 mmol), F-TEDA-BF₄ (170 mg,0.48 mmol) and AgOTf (200 mg, 0.8 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (5 mL) wasstirred at 15° C. for 20 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, theresidue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleumether:ethyl acetate (1:1) to give compound 203b (62 mg, 50%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203c

A suspension of compound 203c (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(77 mg, 0.19 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by preparative preparative HPLC to givecompound 203d (33 mg, 45%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203

A solution of compound 203c (30 mg, 0.085 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL),NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 10° C. for 10 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative preparative HPLC to give compound 203 (22 mg,50%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.243 min in 3 min chromatography, MSESI m/z 332.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.30 (m, 1H),6.90-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H),2.90-3.15 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.65 (m,1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −118.00.

EXAMPLE 164 Synthesis of Compound 204

To a solution of compound I-6 (100 mg, 0.255 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) andDMSO (6 mL) was added DPPP (52 mg, 0.127), Pd(OAc)₂ (31 mg, 0.127 mmol)and Et₃N (2 mL). The reaction was heated at 80° C. under CO at 40 psifor 24 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrated was concentrated togive the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 204 (5.0mg, 5%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.859 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 372 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.07 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H),3.29-3.18 (m, 6H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.34 (m,1H).

EXAMPLE 165 Synthesis of Compound 205

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 205a

Compound 1-6 (50 mg, 0.127 mmol) and Boc₂O (42 mg, 0.19 mmol) wasdissolved in THF (5 mL), this solution was added DMAP (23 mg, 0.19 mmol)and Et₃N (0.04 mL, 0.25 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. Thereaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, whichwas purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) togive 205a (30 mg, 48%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 205

A solution containing compound 205a (47 mg, 0.122 mmol) and compound205A (40 mg, 0.081 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was deoxygenated by bubblinga stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then,PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placedinto CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. Afterbeing cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to afford product compound 205(0.6 mg, 1%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.130 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.57-7.60 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.47 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s,1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 2H),1.83-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.40 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 166 Synthesis of Compound 206

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (4 mg) was treated sequentially with compound 205a (30 mg,0.06 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M in water, 0.15 mL, 0.3mmol)) and compound 206A (24 mg, 0.12 mmol) under N₂ atmosphere. Themixture was stirred at 120° C. for 15 min in microwave. LCMS showed thatthe reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparativeTLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=5:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 206 (15.0mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.942 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 468.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.12 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.95 (t, J=8.4, 9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.71 (t, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.59-7.61 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s,1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.21 (m, 6H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 2H),1.85-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.67 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.36-1.42 (m, 2H),1.29-1.33 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 167 Synthesis of Compound 207

The compound 205a (25 mg, 0.051 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (33 mg, 0.10 mmol) wasdissolved in DMF (4 ml), the resulting mixture was degassed and purgedwith nitrogen for three times. Pd(OAc)₂ (2 mg, 0.008 mmol) and PPh₃ (2mg, 0.005 mmol) were added under a nitrogen atmosphere and the systemwas degassed again. 2-methyl-thiazole (207A) (100 mg, 1.0 mmol) wasadded by syringe. The system was degassed one more time. The reactionwas heated to 168° C. for 45 min in a microwave reactor. LCMS showedthat the reaction was completed, and the solvent was removed byevaporation under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) and preparativeRP-HPLC to afford compound 207 (1.9 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.009 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 411.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.36-7.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.18 (m,3H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.91 (m, 1H),1.60-1.64 (m, 1H), 127-1.41 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 168 Synthesis of Compound 208

According to a similar synthesis of compound 206, compound 205a (20 mg,0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 208A (20 mg, 0.077 mmol) to givecompound 208 (4.3 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.951 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 437 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.58 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 3.27(s, 3H), 3.11 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.95 (d,J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 5H), 1.0 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 169 Synthesis of Compound 209

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 209a

A solution of compound 205a (100 mg, 0.203 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) wasadded dropwise EtMgBr (0.3 mL, 1.0 mmol) at −78° C. under a N₂atmosphere. After stirring for 15 min, t-BuLi (0.8 mL, 1.1 mmol) wasadded dropwise and stirred for 20 min. CO₂ was bubbled through thereaction mixture for 25 min. The reaction was quenched with saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). Thecombined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated underreduced pressure to give compound 209a (0.1 g, 85%) as a brown oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 209b

A mixture of compound 209a (50 mg, 6 mmol), 209A (5 mg, 60 mmol), HOBt(2.7 mg, 18 mmol) and EDC-HCl (4 mg, 18 mmol) in Et₃N (2 mg, 18 mmol)and CH₂Cl₂ was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent wasremoved by evaporation to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 209b (18mg, 50%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 209

A solution of compound 209b (18 mg, 0.035 mmol) in HCl/dioxane (5 mL, 4N) was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. The solvent was removedto give the residue and which was purified by preparative HPLC (acidic)to afford compound 209 (3.1 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.316min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.23 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD300 MHz): δ 7.54-7.36 (m, 3H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H),3.2 (s, 3H), 3.07 (s, 1H), 1.9-1.8 (m, 7H), 1.5-1.3 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 170 Synthesis of Compound 210

According to a similar synthesis of compound 210, compound 209a (30 mg,6 mmol) was coupled with compound 210A (5 mg, 60 mmol) to give crudecompound 210a (22 mg, 70%) as a yellow solid, which was removed theprotecting group in HCl/dioxane (5 mL, 4N) to afford compound 210(trifluoroacetic salt) (1.7 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.807min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384.22 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ 7.35 (q, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 3H), 3.12(s, 1H), 2.9 (s, 3H), 2.8 (s, 3H), 1.9-1.7 (m, 3H), 1.3-1.2 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 171 Synthesis of Compound 211

Compound 205a (25 mg, 0.051 mmol) and CuCl (60 mg, 0.61 mmol) wasdissolved in DMF (3 mL), the resulting mixture was degassed and purgedwith N₂ for three times. The reaction was heated at 170° C. for 30 minin microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed and solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1) and preparative HPLC to affordcompound 211 (14.1 mg, 80%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.014 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 348.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.26-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.18 (m, 1H),3.02-3.09 (m, 5H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.67 (m,1H), 1.32-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.30 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 172 Synthesis of Compounds 212 and 213

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 211b

A suspension of compound 211a (600 mg, 1.5 mmol), CuCl (600 mg, 6.1mmol) in anhydrous DMF (15 mL) was heated at 180° C. for 45 min in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residuewas purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleumether:ethyl acetate=1:1 to give compound 211b (510 mg, 90%) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 211c

A suspension of compound 211b (510 mg, 1.47 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(650 mg, 1.6 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) was heated at 130° C.for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by prep HPLC to give compound 211c (316mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 211, 212 and 213

A solution of compound 211c (310 mg, 0.85 mmol), t-BuOOH (3 mL), NH₃—H₂O(3 mL) in EtOH (10 mL) was stirred at 10° C. for 10 h. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 211 (150 mg, 50%) as a white solid.LCMS: 728-054-1B, t_(R)=1.310 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=348.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.90-7.00(s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 1H),1.75-1.85 (s, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

Compound 211 (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) was separated by preparative SFC to givecompound 212 (8.2 mg, 20%), LCMS: t_(R)=0.899 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=348.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.29 min in 15 minchromatography, ee=99.6%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H),6.90-7.00 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m,1H), 1.75-1.85 (s, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H); andcompound 212 (8.3 mg, 21%). LCMS: t_(R)=0.893 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=348.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=8.39 min in 15 minchromatography, ee=99.8%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H),6.90-7.00 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m,1H), 1.75-1.85 (s, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 173 Synthesis of Compound 214

To a suspension of compound 205a (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) and cyanocopper (18mg, 0.2 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (5.5 mg, 0.0048 mmol) atroom temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere atmosphere. After addition,the resulting mixture was heated at 120° C. in a sealed tube for 30 h.After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with ethylacetate (30 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL). The separated organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by basic preparative HPLC (basic) togive compound 214 (8.4 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.820 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 338.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD varian400): δ 7.62 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H),3.32 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.0-1.93(m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.23 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 174 Synthesis of Compounds 215 and 216

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 214a

To a solution of compound 211a (1.5 g, 3.3 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) wasadded CuCN (682.5 mg, 6.6 mmol), and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (205.5 mg, 0.17 mmol)under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 180° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (20 mL)and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to givethe crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silicagel eluting with hexane: EtOAc (20:1 to 5:1) to give compound 214a (0.75g, 58%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.44(d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.38-3.41 (m, 1H),3.15-3.21 (d, J=14 Hz, 2H), 2.94-2.97 (s, 3H), 1.89-2.10 (m, 3H),1.18-1.47 (m, 5H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 214, 215 and 216

According to a similar synthesis of compound 211 described in Example172, compound 214a (750 mg, 2.21 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson'sReagent (893.6 mg, 2.21 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere to givecompound 214b (500 mg, 63%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ7.57 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.44 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 3.41(s, 3H), 3.28-3.37 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.23 (m, 2H), 1.87-2.12(m, 3H), 1.18-1.37 (m, 5H).

Compound 214b (500 mg, 1.40 mmol) was converted to compound 214, whichwas separated by preparative SFC to give compound 215 (85.6 mg), LCMS:t_(R)=0.937 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 339.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC:t_(R)=5.26 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=99.7%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.65-7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s,1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.23-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H),1.98-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.42 (m,2H), 1.29-1.38 (m, 2H); and compound 216 (100 mg, totally 38%) as whitesolid, LCMS: t_(R)=0.943 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 339.1[M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=5.92 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=100%. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21(s, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s,3H), 1.86-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.44(m, 2H), 1.10-1.27 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 175 Synthesis of Compound 217

To a solution of compound 217a (8.0 mg, 0.016 mmol) in DCM there wasadded TFA (10 drops), and the solution was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 hour, solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was purifiedby HPLC to give compound 217 (6.7 mg, 81%) as a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=1.17 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 393.0 [M+H]⁺

¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (dd, J=1.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=1.2Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.04(m, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 176 Synthesis of Compound 218

To a solution of compound 217a (7.5 mg, 0.015 mmol) in MeOH (0.2 mL) wasadded ammonium formate (2.8 mg, 0.045 mmol) followed by Pd—C (1 mg). Theresulting mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for10 min. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was purifiedby revised phase HPLC to give compound 218 (3.8 mg, 59%) as a TFA salt.LC-MS t_(R)=1.07 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 314.0 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 1H),3.34 (s, 3H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H),1.44-1.24 (m, 5H).

Alternatively, compound 218 can be prepared according to the followingscheme:

To a solution of compound 218a (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) wasadded Et₃N (0.1 mL) and Pd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 15 h under H₂ (15 psi), LC-MS showedthat the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered andthe filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by pre-TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and pre-HPLC to give compound 218(5.2 mg, 33%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.940 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 314.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.25-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.20 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99-7.00 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 2H),1.84-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.32 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 177 Synthesis of Compound 219

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 219b

n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 10.8 mL, 27 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 219a (1.7 g, 2 mL, 24 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at −78° C., and thereaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and at 0° C. for 30min. After cooled to −78° C., the reaction mixture was treated withn-Bu₃SnCl (8.68 g, 7.3 mL, 27 mmol), and allowed to warm to roomtemperature over 5 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and theresidue was partitioned between diethyl ether (50 mL) and H₂O (30 mL).The diethyl ether layer was washed with brine (2×30 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Flash chromatography of the crude(Al₂O₃, PE) afforded compound 219b as colorless oil (6.5 g, 75%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 219

To a solution of compound 205a (50 mg, 0.1 mmol) and compound 219b (73mg, 0.2 mmol) in toluene (4 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (4 mg) under N₂atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45 min in microwave.LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the residue. The residue was partitionedby EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4 M, 8 mL). The aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL), the combined organic layers were washedwith brine (2×10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated todryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) afforded compound 219 (25 mg, 66%), LC-MS t_(R)=0.926min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 382.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD,400 MHz): δ 7.34-7.36 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.03 (s, 1H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.16 (m,3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.39 (m,5H).

EXAMPLE 178 Synthesis of Compound 220

To a solution of compound 219 (30 mg, 0.079 mmol) in THF (5 mL) wasadded Pd/C (3 mg, 10 wt %). The resulting mixture was stirred under H₂atmosphere at room temperature for 1 h, LC-MS showed that the reactionwas completed. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad ofcelite, and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 220 (3.6 mg, 12%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.893 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z386.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.17-7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.06-7.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 3.34-3.36 (m, 5H), 3.32 (s,3H), 3.07-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.97-3.03 (m, 5H), 2.58-2.60 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),1.90-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.52-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.23-1.37 (m,4H).

EXAMPLE 179 Synthesis of Compound 221

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221a

A dry three-necked round bottom flask equipped with a condenser wascharged with compound 205a (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), Et₃N (5 mL) and DEA (1 mL)under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (1 mg, 0.005 mmol),and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3.5 mg, 0.005 mmol). After being degassed once again,compound 221A (0.057 mL, 0.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heatedat 50° C. (oil bath) with stirring for 12 h. LCMS showed that thereaction was completed. After evaporation, the residue was partitionedwith EtOAc (15 mL) and water (10 mL), and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reducedpressure, and the crude product was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 221a (40 mg, 80%)as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221

Compound 221a (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL).The mixture was stirred at 125° C. for 20 min in microwave. LCMS showedthat the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC(basic) to afford compound 221 (5.1 mg, 32%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.195 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.21-7.28 (q, 2H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H),3.04-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.34 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 1.93-2.02(m, 2H), 1.82-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.43 (m, 2H),1.25-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.02-1.05 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 6H).

EXAMPLE 180 Synthesis of Compound 222

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 222a

To a solution of compound 221a (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) in THF (3 mL) wasadded Pd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature under H₂ atmosphere for 1 h, LC-MS showed that the reactionwas completed. The reaction mixture was filtered though a pad of celite,and the filtrate was concentrated to the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) to afford compound222a (18 mg, 91%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 222

Compound 222a (18 mg, 0.036 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL).The mixture was stirred at 125° C. for 20 min in microwave. LCMS showedthat the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC(basic) to afford compound 222 (3.1 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.243 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.16-7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.08 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H),2.97-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.54 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.92-2.03 (m, 2H),1.78-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.32-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.27 (m,2H), 1.12-1.19 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.85 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

EXAMPLE 181 Synthesis of Compound 223

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221B

n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 11.88 mL, 29.7 mmol) was added to a solution ofcompound 221A (2.216 g, 3.175 mL, 27 mmol) in THF (80 mL) at −78° C.,and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and at 0° C.for 30 min. After cooled to −78° C., the reaction mixture was treatedwith n-Bu₃SnCl (9.67 g, 8 mL, 29.7 mmol), and allowed to warm to roomtemperature over 5 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure,and the residue was partitioned between diethyl ether (100 mL) and H₂O(3×80 mL). The diethyl ether layer was washed with brine (80 mL), driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Flash chromatography of thecrude product on Al₂O₃ eluting with petroleum ether afforded compound221B (9 g, 90%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221b

To a solution of compound 211a (800 mg, 2.04 mmol) and compound 221B(3.79 mg, 10.18 mmol) in toluene (25 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (72 mg)under N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45 min inmicrowave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reactionmixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue. Theresidue was partitioned by EtOAc (100 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4M, 80mL). The aqueous layer was extracted by EtOAc (2×100 mL), the combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL), dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue bypreparative TLC (petroleum: ethyl acetate=2:1) afforded compound 221b(600 mg, 75%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221c

A solution of compound 221b (600 mg, 1.52 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(677 mg, 1.68 mmol) in dry toluene (50 mL) was refluxed for 5 h. LCMSshowed that the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 221c (500 mg, 81%)as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 221, 223 and 224

A mixture of compound 221c (0.5 g, 1.23 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide(3.4 g, ca. 65% solution in water, 24.6 mmol) in NH₄OH/MeOH (10/50 mL)was stirred overnight at room temperature, LCMS showed that the reactionwas completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) afforded compound 221(60 mg, 12%, 18.50 mg delivered) and then further separated by SFC toafford compound 223 (12.5 mg), LC-MS t_(R)=1.069 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺. ee: 98%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 7.23-7.28 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H),3.02-3.14 (m, 6H), 2.28-2.29 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.83-2.08 (m, 4H),1.58-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.03-1.06 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); andcompound 224 (11.50 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.064 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺; ee: 98%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 7.12-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.87-3.06 (m,6H), 2.16-2.17 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.71-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.49 (m, 1H),1.14-1.30 (m, 4H), 0.87-0.93 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

EXAMPLE 182 Synthesis of Compound 225

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 225b

To a solution of compound 225a (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) in C1CH₂CH₂Cl (8 mL)was added Cu(OAc)₂.H₂O (90 mg, 0.45 mmol), BiPy (70 mg, 0.45 mmol),Na₂CO₃ (60 mg, 0.45 mmol) and cyclopropylboronic (20 mg, 0.23 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. in the open air for 6 h. Themixture was quenched by saturated NH₄Cl (3 mL). The mixture waspartitioned with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reducedpressure to anhydrousness. The residue was purified by preparative TLCon silica gel (eluent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to givecompound 225b (31 mg, 31%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 225c

A suspension of compound 225b (28 mg, 0.07 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(35 mg, 0.08 mol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was heated at reflux for2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent: petroleum ether: ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 225c (13 mg, 45%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 225

A solution of compound 225c (13 mg, 0.03 mmol), t-BuOOH (60 mg, 0.6mmol), NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h.The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent: CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=15:1) togive compound 225 (4.2 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.06 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 404 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.05-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.86-3.09 (m,3H), 2.42-2.46 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.54(m, 1H), 1.30-1.36 (m, 1H), 1.02-1.28 (m, 4H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H),0.70-0.80 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.68 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 183 Synthesis of Compound 226

According to a similar synthesis of compound 225, compound 226a (100 mg,0.28 mmol) was coupled with cyclopropylboronic (25 mg, 0.3 mmol) to givecompound 226b (57 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Compound 226b (55 mg, 0.13 mmol) wad then reacted with Lawesson'sReagent (65 mg, 0.716 mol) to give compound 226c (26 mg, 36%) as ayellow solid, which was converted to compound 226 as a white solid (16mg, 62%). LCMS: t_(R)=1.55 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.37-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.23 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s 3H), 2.95-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.54-2.58 (m,1H), 1.92-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.80 (d, 1H), 1.58-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.40(m, 4H), 0.98-2.05 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.92 (m, 1H),0.75-0.81 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 184 Synthesis of Compound 227

A suspension of compound 226 (13 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronicacid (5 mg, 0.03 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg, 0.003 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 15 minin a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo andthe residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 227 (0.7mg, 5%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.82 min in 3 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 439 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.89-7.95 (m, 2H),7.56-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H),3.07-3.18 (m, 3H), 2.57-2.62 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.83 (m,1H), 1.60-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.00-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.96(m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 185 Synthesis of Compound 228

According to a similar synthesis of compound 227, compound 226 (7 mg,0.017 mmol) was coupled wirh compound 228a (3.8 mg, 0.02 mmol) to givecompound 228 (8.7 mg, 30%) as a white trifluoroacetic salt solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.973 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 485.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H),7.66-7.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),3.15-3.04 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (s, 1H), 1.925 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H),1.32 (s, 3H), 1.28-1.25 (m, 3H), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.91 (m, 1H), 0.81 (s,1H).

EXAMPLE 186 Synthesis of Compound 229

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 229a

To a solution of compound 225a (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (120 mg, 0.8 mmol) and bromo-cyclobutane (75 mg, 0.55 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 20 h. The mixture wasfiltered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent: petroleum ether:ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 229a (81 mg, 73%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 229

According to a similar synthesis of compound 225, compound 229a (80 mg,0.19 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (82 mg, 0.2 mol) to givecompound 229b (33 mg, 40%) as a white solid. Compound 229b (30 mg, 0.07mmol) was then converted to compound 229 (3.5 mg, 10%) as a white solid.LCMS: t_(R)=2.00 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.42-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.29 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.32 (m, 3H), 2.54-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.19 (m,3H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 7H), 0.99-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.84 (m, 2H), 0.50-0.73(m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 187 Synthesis of Compound 230

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230c

To a solution of compound 230a (17 g, 0.1 mol) and compound 230b (14.4g, 0.1 mol) in EtOH (100 mL), piperidium acetate (1.45 g, 0.01 mol) wasadded. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 30 min and then cooled to 0° C., NaBH₃CN (9.45 g, 0.15mol) was added portionwise upon cooling. After addition, the mixture wasallowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The reactionmixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with 1 M HCl till gas evolutionceased. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL), the combinedorganic layers were evaporated and the residue was recrystallized fromMeOH to give a white solid 230c, which was used in the next stepdirectly. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz TMS): δ 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 2H), 1.70 (s,3H), 1.55 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230d

The crude product of compound 230c was dissolved in pyridine (45 mL) andwater (15 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h and then dilutedwith water (100 mL), acidified with conc. HCl till pH=2. The mixture wasextracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL), the combined organic layers were driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give of compound 230d(11 g, 50% yield for two steps) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHzTMS): δ 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 2.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230e

Compound 230d (9 g, 0.04 mol) was added portionwise to ClSO₃H (100 mL)while cooling with ice-water bath. After addition, the reaction mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 1.5 h and then poured into ice water carefully.The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL), the combined organiclayers were evaporated and the residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: EtOAc=10:1) to givecompound 230e (4.44 g, 55% yield) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHzTMS): δ 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),3.17-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.68 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230f

Compound 230e (4.44 g, 22 mmol), (CH₂O). (3 g, 0.1 mol) andN-methyl-aniline trifluoroacetate (7.15 g, 35 mmol) were dissolved inanhydrous THF (50 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture washeated at reflux overnight and then diluted with water (˜100 mL),extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL), the combined organic layers wereevaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography onsilica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 230f (2.5 g,54%) as a yellow liquid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz TMS): δ 8.16 (s, 1H),7.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47-6.46 (m, 1H), 5.76(s, 1H), 3.85 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230g

Compound 230f (2.5 g, 11 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (20mL), the solution was cooled in acetone/dry ice bath.Trimethyl-(1-methylene-allyloxy)-silane (1.85 g, 12 mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O(0.84 g, 5 mmol) were added subsequently. The reaction mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for 20 min and then diluted with MeOH (20 mL), afterwarmed to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water (50 mL)and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), the combined organic layers weredried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated, the residue waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleumether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 230g (400 mg, 13%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230h and 230i

Compound 230g (400 mg, 1.4 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (4 mL)under a nitrogen atmosphere, cooled in acetone-dry ice bath, NaBH₄ (32mg, 0.84 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for 5 min and then quenched with MeOH, after warmedto 0° C., the mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, theaqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers weredried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated, the crude product containingcompound 230h and compound 230i was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230j

The crude product containing compound 230h and compound 230i wasdissolved in anhydrous THF (5 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooledto 0° C., NaH (168 mg, 2.1 mmol) was added in one portion, after 10 minMeI (986 mg, 7 mmol) was added in one portion. After addition, thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirredovernight. The mixture was quenched by addition of water at 0° C. andextracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated, and the residue was purifiedby prep. TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=4:1) to give compound 230j (100 mg,24% yield for 2 steps) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230k

Compound 230j (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), KCN (33 mg, 0.51 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃(121 mg, 1.26 mmol) was suspended in HCONH₂ (1.5 mL) and the mixture washeated at 90° C. in a steel autoclave for 3 days. After cooling to roomtemperature, the mixture was poured onto crashed ice and stirred for 20min, and then acidified with conc. HCl till pH=2. The solid precipitatedout was collected by filtration and washed with water, and then thesolid was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and evaporated to give compound 230k (35 mg, 59%) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230

According to a similar synthesis of compound 229, compound 230k (35 mg,0.1 mmol) was methylated with MeI (14 mg, 0.1 mmol) to give compound230l (27 mg, 70%) as a yellow solid.

Compound 230l (27 mg, 0.07 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (40mg, 0.1 mmol) to give compound 230m (15 mg, 57%), which was converted tocompound 230 (1.8 mg, 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.925 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 382.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz):δ 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (s,3H), 3.10-3.03 (m, 6H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.28(m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (690-190-1C7 CD₃OD 19F): δ −63.57

EXAMPLE 188 Synthesis of Compound 231

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231d

According to a similar synthesis of compound 230e in compound 230,compound 231a (1.0 g, 5.26 mmol) was reacted compound 231A (75 mg, 0.53mmol) to give compound 231b (0.8 g, 47%) as a white solid, which wasused directly in next step without purification.

Compound 231b (5.0 g, 15.72 mmol) was heated in pyridine/H₂O (15 mL/5mL) to give compound 231c (3.0 g, 82%) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃300 MHz): δ 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.07 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 2.61 (m, 2H).

Compound 231c (4.0 g, 17.09 mmol) was converted to compound 231d (1.1 g,30%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.43 (m,1H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231e

To a refluxed solution of compound 231d (4.7 g, 21.76 mmol) in anhydroustoluene (40 mL) was added Trition B (2.45 mL, 13.49 mmol) under anitrogen atmosphere. The reflux solution was kept stirring for 30 min,then methyl acrylate (25 mL, 281.7 mmol) was added and the resultingsolution was stirred at reflux overnight. The reaction solution waspoured into water and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combinedorganic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, evaporated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gelto give compound 231e (4.0 g, 48%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231f

To a solution of compound 231e (2.6 g, 6.70 mmol) in 50 mL of anhydroustoluene was added NaH (1.07 g, 26.80 mmol) portionwise under a nitrogenatmosphere. The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. Brine (10 mL)was added to quench the reaction, and the mixture was extracted withEtOAc (2×25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄,evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by columnchromatograph on silica gel to give compound 231f (1.2 g, 52%) as acolorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231g

To a solution of compound 231f (1.2 g, 3.37 mmol) in MeOH/H₂O (2.4mL/7.6 mL) was added NaOH (0.92 g, 23.02 mmol). The mixture was heatedat reflux for 1 h. Then the reaction solution was cooled to roomtemperature and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organiclayer was dried, evaporated under reduced pressure to give crudecompound 231g (0.6 g, crude), which was used in next step withoutfurther purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231h and 231i

To a solution of compound 231g (0.6 g, 2.01 mmol) in 10 mL of anhydrousTHF was added NaBH₄ (22.8 mg, 0.60 mmol) at −78° C. The mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for 5 min, and MeOH (5 mL) and EtOAc (5 mL) wereadded. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature.Water (5 mL) was added, and the organic layer was separated, dried andevaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude procut containingcompound 231h and compound 231i (0.3 g, crude), which was used for nextstep without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231j

A crude mixture containing compound 231h and compound 231i (0.3 g, 1.00mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added NaH (160 mg, 4.0 mmol) at 0° C.under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at roomtemperature, and then MeI (1.54 g, 10.0 mmol) was added. The resultingsolution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction wasquenched by addition of brine (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL).The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrour sodium sulfate andevaporated under reduced pressure to give crude compound 231j (0.3 g,96%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231k

To a solution of compound 231j (0.3 g, 0.96 mmol) in 10 mL ofacetonitrile was added CsF (580 mg, 3.83 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 30 min, thenbis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (712 mg, 3.827 mmol) was added. Theresulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 1 h. 5 mL of water was addedto quench the reaction and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combinedorganic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporatedunder reduced pressure to give the crude compound 231k (0.28 g, crude),which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231l

To a solution of compound 231k (0.28 g, 0.85 mmol) in EtOH/H₂O (10 mL/10mL) was added KCN (0.22 g, 3.42 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.2 g, 11.95 mmol).The mixture was heated to 75° C. overnight in a sealed tube. Then thereaction was cooled to room temperature, water (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL)were added. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodiumsulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby preparative TLC to give compound 231l (0.1 g, 30%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231m

To a solution of compound 231l (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) in anhydrous toluenewas added Lawesson's reagent (46 mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was heatedto 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 min. Then the solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified bypreparative TLC to give compound 231m (30 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231n

To a solution of compound 231m (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in 3 mL of DMF wasadded K₂CO₃ (86 mg, 0.63 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min atroom temperature, then MeI (48 mg, 0.31 mmol) was added. The finalmixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored by preparativeTLC. When compound 231m was consumed, brine (50 mL) was added and themixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate,evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC to give compound 231n (36 mg, 67%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231

To a solution of compound 231n (16 mg, 0.037 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (3 mL)was added NH₄I (59 mg, 0.37 mmol). The mixture was heated to 120° C. for2.5 h in a microwave reactor. The solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to givecompound 231 (13 mg, 87%) as a gray solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.579 min in 3min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.45 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.21 (m, 6H), 1.97-2.10(m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.35 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR(CD₃OD): δ −59.57.

EXAMPLE 189 Synthesis of Compound 232

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 232b

To a solution of pyrrolidine (138 mg, 1.94 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) wasadded t-BuONa (186 mg, 1.94 mmol). After stirring at room temperaturefor 5 min under a N₂ atmosphere, compound 232a (400 mg, 1.29 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (135 mg, 0.13 mmol) and BINAP (121 mg, 0.19 mmol) was addedunder a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated at 120° C. withstirring for 1.5 h in a microwave reactor. LCMS showed that the reactionwas completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum/ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 232b (370 mg, 91%) as ayellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 232

According to a similar synthesis for I-6 described in Example 1-2,compound 232b (300 mg, 1.00 mmol) was condensed to form hydantoin 232c(100 mg, 27%) as a white solid.

Compound 232c (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent(109 mg, 0.27 mmol) to give compound 232d (50 mg, 48%) as a white solid.

Then compound 232d (20 mg, 0.052 mmol) was dimethylated with MeI (30 mg,0.21 mmol) to give compound 232e (15 mg, 72%) as a white solid, whichwas converted to compound 232 (2.1 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.882 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 383 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.09-7.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.50-6.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m,1H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.91-3.02 (m, 2H), 1.92-2.00 (m, 5H), 1.83 (m, 1H),1.53-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.35 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 190 Synthesis of Compound 233

According to a similar synthesis for I-4 described in Example I-2,compound 233a (300 mg, 1.15 mmol) was condensed to give compound 233b(150 mg, 39%) as a white solid.

Compound 233b (50 mg, 0.152 mmol) was reacted with Lawessons reagent(73.5 mg, 0.182 mmol) to give compound 233c (30 mg, 58%) as a whitesolid.

Compound 233c (30 mg, 0.0867 mmol) was dimethylated with iodomethane(18.5 mg, 0.130 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) to give crude compound 233d (26 mg,80%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 233 (2.8 mg, 15%)as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.884 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 344.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 6.93 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H),3.35 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.01-3.08 (m, 2H), 1.96-2.10(m, 2H), 1.84 (d, 1H), 1.27-1.49 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE I-3 Synthesis of(1r,40-6′-hydroxy-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(I-9)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 1-8

To a solution of compound I-7 (500 mg, 1.61 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10mL), was added KOAc (0.46 g, 4.69 mmol),4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(450 mg, 1.77 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (150 mg, 0.18 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 1 h. LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound I-7.Water (5 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filteredoff through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL).The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound I-8 (284 mg, 50%) as ablack solid which was used in the next step without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m,2H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s, 12H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-9

To a solution of compound I-8 (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded HOAc (0.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture wasquenched by addition of NaHSO₃ solution (10 mL), and then was extractedwith EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude productwhich was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withhexane: EtOAc (100:10 to 30:10) to afford(1r,4r)-6′-hydroxy-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(I-9) (50 mg, 72%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (s,1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H),2.20-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 191 Synthesis of Compound 134

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234a

To a solution of compound I-9 (360 mg, 1.46 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (403.5 mg, 2.92 mmol), and compound 234A (373.6 mg, 1.60mmol), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Thereaction was added with H₂O (5 mL), and the aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 234a (320mg, 66%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 4.26 (dd, J=8.1, 16.2 Hz, 2H),3.41 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 2H), 1.97-2.28 (m, 2H),1.66-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.35 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234b

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 234a (320 mg,0.97 mmol), KCN (126.8 mg, 1.95 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (702.4 mg, 7.31 mmol)and formamide (20 mL). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h. Thereaction mixture was cooled and poured into ice. The mixture wasfiltrated to collect the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate(100 mL), and was washed with water (2×50 mL). The combined organiclayers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crudeproduct, which was purified by preparative TLC eluting withhexane:EtOAc=1:1 to afford compound 234b (90 mg, 23%) as a white solid.LCMS: t_(R)=1.080 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 399.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234c

To a solution of compound 234b (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (71 mg, 0.17 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h. The solvent wasremoved in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified bypreparative TLC eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 234c(40 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.165 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234d

To a solution of compound 234c (40 mg, 0.096 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (53.2 mg, 0.39 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, MeI(56.8 mg, 0.39 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at60° C. for 10 min and at 100° C. for another 10 min in a CEM microwavereactor. The mixture was filtered through pad of celite, and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified bypreparative TLC eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 234d (30mg, 70%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.397 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 443.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234

A solution of compound 234d (30 mg, 0.067 mmol), NH₄I (97.3 mg, 0.67mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated invacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and by preparative RP-HPLC to givecompound 234 (2.4 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.406 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.50 (dd,J=8.4, 15.6 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.03(s, 3H), 1.97-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.42 (m, 2H),1.27-1.36 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 192 Synthesis of Compound 235

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 235b

To a solution of compound 235a (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wereadded compound 235A (104.8 mg, 0.45 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (117 mg, 0.45 mol).After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperatureovernight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to givecompound 235b with 49% purity (10.0 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.80 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 402.2 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 235c

To a mixture of compound 235b (30.0 mg, 0.07 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) wasadded Lawesson's reagent (30.0 mg, 0.07 mmol). The mixture was heated to130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. After cooling down, theprecipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (40 mL×2).The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) to give compound 235cwith 80% purity (10.0 mg, 33%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.888min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418.2 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 235

To a solution of compound 235c (10 mg, 0.023 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) wasadded NH₃H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.20 g, 2.22 mol).After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperatureovernight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 235 with 93% purity (8.0mg, 74%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.823 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 401.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.35-7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.909-6.904 (d, J=2.4Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s,3H), 3.18-3.08 (m, 3H), 2.98 (s, 6H), 2.09-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.83 (m,1H), 1.47-1.26 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 193 Synthesis of Compound 236

According to a similar synthesis of compound 235, compound 235a (50 mg,0.15 mmol) was alkylated with compound 236A (33.5 mg, 0.225 mmol) togive compound 236a with 84% purity (60.0 mg, 94%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.113 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 399.2 [M+H]⁺

Compound 236a (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'sreagent (60.0 g, 0.15 mmol) to give compound 236b with 80% purity (38.0mg, 62%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.416 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415.1 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 236b (38 mg, 0.09 mmol) was finally converted to compound 236(6.3 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.117 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.16-7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.071-7.045 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 4.73 (s,1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.80(m, 5H), 1.61 (m, 3H), 1.39-1.23 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 194 Synthesis of Compound 237

According to a similar synthesis of compound 235, compound 235a (57 mg,0.172 mmol) was alkylated with compound 237A (34 mg, 0.258 mmol) inCs₂CO₃ (84 mg, 0.258 mmol) to afford compound 235b (32 mg, 48%).

And compound 235b (32 mg, 0.082 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson'sreagent (50 mg, 0.124 mmol) to give compound 235c (32 mg, 94%), whichwas converted to compound 235 (2.9 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.994 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 388 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80(s, 1H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 3.73 (m, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.35 (m 3H),3.19 (s, 4H), 3.01-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 2H),1.27-1.44 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 195 Synthesis of Compound 238

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 238a

To a mixture of compound 235a (40 mg, 0.12 mmol), compound 238A (40 mg,0.24 mmol), Et₃N (0.1 mL, 0.6 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) wasadded molecular sieves (40 mg) and Cu(OAc)₂ (44 mg, 0.24 mmol) at roomtemperature. The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperatureunder O₂ atmosphere overnight. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20mL) and filtered through a pad of Celite. The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure to afford the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (3:1) to givecompound 238a (20 mg, 45%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.321 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 437 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 238

A suspension of compound 238a (30 mg, 0.068 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(31 mg, 0.075 mmol) in dry toluene (3 mL) was heated under 120° C. for45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum: ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 238b (15 mg, 50% purity)as a yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.435 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 453.1 [M+H]⁺.

The mixture of compound 238b (15 mg, 0.033 mmol), t-BuOOH (80 mg, 0.887mmol) in ammonia (3 mL) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to the residue, which was purified by acidic preparative HPLCto give compound 238 (3.5 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.000min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 436 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=8.4Hz, 2.8, 1H), 6.66 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.48(s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (s,1H), 3.05 (s, 1H), 3.01 (s, 1H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.62 (m,1H), 1.39 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 196 Synthesis of Compound 239

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239a

To a suspension of compound 239A (70 mg, 0.816 mmol), compound I-9 (100mg, 0.408 mmol), and Na₂CO₃ (71 mg, 0.816 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) wasadded a suspension of Cu(OAc)₂ (74 mg, 0.408 mmol) and pyridine (33 mg,0.408 mmol) in hot toluene (4 mL). The reaction mixture was warmed to70° C. and stirred overnight under air. The result mixture was cooled toroom temperature, and a saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution was added,followed by water. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueouslayer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combine organic layers were washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum: EtOAc=3:1) to affordcompound 239a (15 mg, 13%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.38 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.8 Hz 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 3.69 (m, 1H), 3.33(s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.44(m, 2H), 1.28 (m, 3H), 0.73 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239b

To a solution of compound 239a (150 mg, 0.524 mmol) in dry CH₃CN (2 mL)was added CsF (239 mg, 1.573 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture washeated at 50° C. for 15 min, and bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.59mL, 2.62 mmol) was added. The final reaction mixture was stirred at 50°C. overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and quenchedwith water (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layerwas washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to givecompound 239b (120 mg, crude), which was used for the next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239c

In a 30 mL sealed tube was added compound 239b (120 mg, 0.387 mmol), KCN(101 mg, 1.548 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (376 mg, 3.87 mmol). To this solidwas added H₂O (2 mL) and EtOH (2 mL). The sealed tube was capped andheated in an oil bath at 75° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled toroom temperature and water was added. The mixture was extracted withEtOAc (20 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 239c (138 mg, 100%) as ayellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239

According to a similar synthesis of compound 229, compound 239c (138 mg,0.387 mmol) was methylated with MeI (55 mg, 0.387 mmol) to give compound239d (100 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

Compound 239d (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in dry toluene (3 mL) was reacted withLawesson's reagent (164 mg, 0.405 mmol) to give compound 239e (60 mg,58%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 239 (8.5 mg, 15%)as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.040 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 370 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H),7.05 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 3.11(m, 4H), 3.04 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.25 (m, 3H),0.75-0.58 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 197 Synthesis of Compound 240

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 240b

To a solution of compound 235a (80 mg, 0.242 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL)was added Lawesson's reagent (118 mg, 0.291 mmol) under N₂. The reactionmixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 60 min. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) to give compound 240b (20 mg, 24%)as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 240c

To a solution of compound 240b (30 mg, 0.0865 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded NaH (13 mg, 0.346 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring for 1 h, compound240A (43 mg, 0.259 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with water (15 mL),extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to affordcompound 240c (30 mg, impure) as an oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 240

To a solution of compound 240c (15 mg, 0.031 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2 mL)was added NH₄I (46 mg, 0.31 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated in aCEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 2 h. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC togive compound 240 (2.0 mg, 17%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.017 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 498 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H),3.92 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, 2H),1.73 (m, 1H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.23 (m, 4H), 1.27 (m, 1H), 0.75 (m,1H), 0.36 (m, 2H), 0.05 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 198 Synthesis of Compounds 241, 242 and 243

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 241a and 241b

A mixture of compound 235a (80 mg, 0.19 mmol), compound 241A (98 mg,0.38 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (93 mg, 0.29 mmol) in dry DMSO (1.5 mL) washeated at 50° C. overnight. LCMS showed the reaction was completed.After cooling to room temperature, water (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) wereadded and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×3). Thecombined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparativeTLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to afford a mixture of compounds 241aand 241b (70 mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 241b

A solution of compounds 241a and 241b (70 mg, 0.157 mmol) in HOAc (2 mL)was heated to 50° C. To the solution was added Zn dust (31 mg, 0.0.471mmol) under N₂ in portions. After stirring at 70° C. overnight, water(10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred for 30min. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed withwater, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) toafford compound 241b (20 mg, 29%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400MHz): δ 7.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H),5.96-5.68 (m, 1H), 5.51 (d, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.96 (s,3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.27 (m, 4H), 1.19 (m,1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 241c

To a solution of compound 241b (40 mg, 0.093 mmol) in dry toluene (2.5mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (56 mg, 0.140 mmol) under N₂. Thereaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 1h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound241c (30 mg, 71%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 241

To a solution of compound 241c (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) andNH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (197 mg, 13.5 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent wasremoved and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to givecompound 241 (9 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.063 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 430 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.42-6.06(tt, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.13 (m, 6H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H),1.48 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.22 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −89.826,−139.278

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 242 and 243

Compound 241 (80 mg, 0.186 mmol) was separated by SFC to give compound243 (15 mg, 19%), LC-MS t_(RA)=0.899 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 430 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.36 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.41-6.15 (t, J=52.8 Hz 1H), 3.36(s, 3H), 3.15-3.13 (m, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H),1.66 (m, 1H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.29 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ−89.925, −139.348; ee %:100%; and compound 242 (30 mg, 38%) as whitesolids. LC-MS t_(RB)=0.893 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 430[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.17-6.03 (t, J=52.8 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H),3.05-3.98 (m, 3H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.51 (m,1H), 1.27 (m, 2H), 1.16 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −89.918,−139.343; ee %:100%.

EXAMPLE 199 Synthesis of Compounds 244, 245 and 246

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 244a

To a solution of compound I-9 (380 mg, 1.53 mmol in DMF (5 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (422.2 mg, 3.06 mmol), and compound 244A (249.2 mg, 1.84 mmol),the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reactionwas added with H₂O (10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 244a (380 mg,67%) as a white solid which was used in the next step without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 3.69 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H),3.27-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 2H), 1.97-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.72 (m, 2H),1.48-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.34 (m, 1H), 0.79-0.80 (m,2H), 0.28-0.32 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 244

According to a similar synthesis for I-6 described in Example I-2,compound 244a (380 mg, 1.26 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 244b (70mg, 18%) as white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.191 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z=371.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 244b (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (60mg, 0.14 mmol) under N₂ to afford compound 244c (30 mg, 57%) as a whitesolid, which was methylated with MeI (45.6 mg, 0.31 mmol) to givecompound 244d (20 mg, 65%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.412 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.2 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 244d (20 mg, 0.046 mmol) was converted to compound 244(2.4 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.678 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=384.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 3.77 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s,3H), 2.01-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.39(m, 2H), 1.39-1.29 (m, 2H), 0.61-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.34-0.31 (m, 2H).

Compound 244 (˜400 mg) was purified by SFC to give compound 245 (133.7mg, 27%), LCMS: t_(R)=0.833 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=384.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=5.82 min in 16 min chromatography, ee%=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.17-7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.79(dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s,3H), 3.27-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 4H), 2.97-2.93 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H),2.01-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.31 (m,2H), 1.31-1.28 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.36-0.35 (m, 2H).

& compound 246 (144 mg, 29%) as white solids; LCMS: t_(R)=1.080 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=384.3 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=9.28 min in 16min chromatography, ee %=99%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.17-7.15 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.79 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.27-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 4H), 2.97-2.93(d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.01-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m,1H), 1.35-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.28 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.36-0.35(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 200 Synthesis of Compound 247

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 247a

To a solution of compound I-9 (1.0 g, 4.06 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (0.62 g, 4.47 mol). The mixture was bubbled with a flow ofchloro-difluoro-methane at 85° C. for 6 h. Water (10 mL) was added andextracted with EtOAc (2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith al. sat. NH₄Cl (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated undervacuum to give the crude. The crude was purified by preparative TLC(hexane:EtOAc=5:1) to afford compound 247a (420 mg, 35%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 247

According to a similar synthesis for compound I-6 described in ExampleI-2, compound 247a (420 mg, 1.42 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 247b(45 mg, 8%) as a white solid. And compound 247b (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) wasreacted with Lawesson's reagent (53 mg, 0.13 mmol) to give compound 247c(36 mg, 85%) as a whit solid.

Compound 247c (36 mg, 0.094 mmol) was then dimethylated with iodomethane(20 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) to afford compound 247d (21 mg, 54%) asa white solid, which was converted to compound 247 (6.1 mg, 31%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.008 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z380 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 1H): δ 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd,J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52-6.89 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s,3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 3.00-3.07 (m, 2H), 1.92-2.01 (m, 2H),1.77 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.42 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F): δ −83.426

EXAMPLE 201 Synthesis of Compound 248

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248a

A suspension of compound I-9 (247 mg, 2.03 mmol), 248A (500 mg, 2.03mmol), Cu(OAc)₂ (737 mg, 4.06 mmol), Et₃N (1.42 mL, 10.05 mmol) andmolecular sieves (200 mg) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was stirred underopen air at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=10:1) togive compound 248a (0.45 g, 85%) as a brown oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248b

A steel autoclave were charged with a mixture of compound 248a (450 mg,1.4 mmol), KCN (180 mg, 2.8 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.1 g, 11.3 mmol) andformamide (15 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 72 h. Thereaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice. Afteracidification with concentrated HCl (20 mL), the mixture was filtratedto give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) andwashed with water (2×150 mL). The combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. Thecrude product was purified by re-crystallization from ethyl acetate toafford compound 248b (0.18 g, 33%) as a black solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248c

To a solution of compound 248b (180 mg, 0.46 mmol) in CH₃CN (3.0 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (100 mg, 0.69 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, MeI (98 mg,0.60 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for35 min in a microwave reactor. The mixture was filtered and the filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 248c (120 mg,87%) as a yellow solid, which was used for the next step directlywithout purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248d

A suspension of compound 248c (120 mg, 0.29 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(143 mg, 0.35 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (3 mL) was heated at 120° C.for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 248d (60 mg, 90%)as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248

A solution of compound 248d (60 mg, 0.14 mmol), t-BuOOH (255 mg, 2.84mmol) in a solution of NH₄OH/MeOH (2 mL/5 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation to givethe residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (acid) to givecompound 248 (17.2 mg, 30%) (TFA salt) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.967 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.37-7.30 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 3H), 7.14-7.09 (t, J=6.3Hz, 1H), 7.01-6.91 (m, 4H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 4H), 3.15-3.12 (d,J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.09-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.29 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 202 Synthesis of Compound 249

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249b

To a 1000 mL round bottle flask were charged4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (249a) (5.04 g, 33.6 mmol),paraformaldehyde (10.08 g, 336 mmol), phenylboronic acid (4.92 g, 40.3mmol) followed by toluene (235 mL), to the suspension was added TFA 2.6mL, 33.6 mmol), and the resulting suspension was refluxed for 4 hrs,which resulted a clear yellowish solution. The solution was cooled toroom temperature, and the pH was adjusted to 7-8 by adding saturatedNaHCO₃. After extracting with ethyl acetate, the organic layers werecombined, and evaporated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (0 to 30% EtOAc/Hexane) to give4-fluoro-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (249b) (3.91 g, 72%).LC-MS t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 163 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249c

To a solution of 4-fluoro-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (249b)(3.71 g, 22.9 mmol) and (buta-1,3-dien-2-yloxy)trimethylsilane (5.2 mL,29.8 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) at 0° C., there was added BF₃.Et₂O (0.5 mLdropwise. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for another 30min, quenched with MeOH (0.3 mL), warmed to room temperature, acidifiedwith 2N HCl aqueous solution (15 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL×4).The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered andevaporated, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (0 to50% EtOAc/Hexane) to give4′-fluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (249c) (2.77 g,49%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.41 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 233[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249d

To a solution of 4′-fluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione(249c) (2.77 g, 11.9 mmol) in THF (40 mL) at −78° C., there was addedNaBH₄ (0.45 g, 11.9 mmol) portion by portion (control the temperaturebelow −70° C.). The resulting solution was stirred at −78° C. foranother 30 min, and −78° C. acetone was added to quench the extra NaBH4.The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature, water(10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×4),combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (0 to 60% EtOAc/Hexane) to give(1r,40-4′-fluoro-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(249d) and its isomer as a 3:1 mixture (2.35 g, 84%), which could not beseparated by normal phase chromatography. LC-MS t_(R)=1.29 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 235 [M+H]⁺. For its ismoer, LC-MSt_(R)=1.37 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 235 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249e

To a solution of(1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(249d) (2.11 g, 9.0 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) there was added NaH(60% in mineral oil, 1.80 g, 27.0 mmol) slurry in DMF (5 mL) dropwise.The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, thecompletion of reaction was confirmed by LC-MS. The reaction was quenchedby adding MeOH slowly followed by water, after extraction with DCM, theorganic layer was evaporated, and the residue was purified by flashchromatography (20% EtOAc/Hexane) to give(1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (5)(1.50 g, 67%), the two isomer still could not be separated. The productwas recrystallized with Hexane to give pure isomer 249e (0.94 g, 63%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249f

According to a similar synthesis of compound I-6 described in ExampleI-2, (1r,40-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(249e) (0.22 g, 0.89 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 249f (100 mg, 64%corrected yield, 99 mg of starting material 249e was recovered). LC-MSt_(R)=0.23 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 319 [M+H]⁺.

Hydantoin 249f (100 mg, 0.31 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent(125 mg, 0.31 mmol) to afford thiohydantoin 249g (91.3 mg, 88%). LC-MSt_(R)=1.37 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 335 [M+H]⁺. Thisthiohydantoin 7 (91.3 mg, 0.27 mmol) was further dimethylated MeI (0.2mL, excess) to give thioether 249h (79.7 mg, 80%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.74 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 363 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, thioether 249h (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) was converted to compound 249as a TFA salt (25.6 mg, 70%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.09 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 332 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.26(m, 1H), 7.14-7.00 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H),3.04 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.22 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 203 Synthesis of Compound 250

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250a

To a solution of(1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(249e) (1.17 g, 4.7 mmol) in concentrate H₂SO₄ (6.0 mL) at 0° C., therewas added KNO₃ (0.48 g, 4.7 mmol) in concentrate H₂SO₄ (1.5 mL)dropwise, the resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hours, icewas added to stop the reaction, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc(10 mL×4), combined organics were washed with sat. NaHCO₃ (10 mL), brine(10 mL) dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give(1r,40-4′-fluoro-4-methoxy-7′-nitrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(250a) (1.31 g, 95%), which was used for the next step withoutpurification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.68 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z294 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250b

A solution of1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxy-7′-nitrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(250a) (1.31 g, 4.5 mmol) and Pd—C (100 mg) in EtOH (60 mL) was stirredwith the connection of a H₂ balloon at room temperature for 5 hours.Reaction completion was confirmed by LC-MS, and the solution wasfiltered, and removed in vacuum to give(1r,40-7′-amino-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(250b) (1.18 g, 100%), which was used for the next step withoutpurification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z264 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250c

To a solution of CuBr₂ (1.25 g, 5.55 mmol) and tert-butyl nitrite (1.48mL, 11.1 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (15 mL) at 0° C. there was added1r,40-7′-amino-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(250b) (1.17 g, 4.44 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (5 mL) dropwise to keep thetemperature lower than 5° C. After adding, the resulting solution waswarmed up slowly to room temperature, and stirred for another 1 hour,quenched with 1N HCl, and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×4). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄. Thesolvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was purified by flashchromatography (0 to 50% EtOAc/Hexane) to give(1r,40-7′-bromo-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(250c) (1.15 g, 79%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.84 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 327 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250d

To a solution of1r,4r)-7′-bromo-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(250c) (1.14 g, 3.48 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (35 mL) there was addedTiCl₄ (1 M in DCM, 7.0 mL, 7.0 mmol), the resulting solution was stirredat room temperature, thenN,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (1.74 mL, 7.6 mmol)was added dropwise. The solution was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Water was added, and the mixture was extracted with DCM (10mL×4). The combined organic layers were washed with water (10 mL), brine(10 mL), and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed in vacuum togive crude(E)-N-((1r,4r)-4′-bromo-7′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(250d) (1.22 g, 100%), which was used for the next step withoutpurification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.82 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z351 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250e

To a 50 mL sealed tube there was charged(E)-N-((1r,4r)-4′-bromo-7′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(250d) (1.22 g, 3.48 mmol), KCN (0.47 g, 7.0 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (2.34 g,24.4 mmol), and EtOH (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The tube was sealed, andheated at 75° C. overnight. The solution was cooled to room temperature,and water (15 mL) was added, filtered to give solid product 6 (0.70 g),the filtration was extracted with DCM, after removal of solvent, theresidue was purified by flash chromatography to give another 0.24product 250e (total 68%).

Procedure for Synthesis of Compound 250

Using the similar synthesis of compound 249, compound 250 wassynthesized as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.21 min in 3 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.14(m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.00(m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.26 (m, 5H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD,376 MHz): δ −77.8, −121.0.

EXAMPLE 204 Synthesis of Compound 251

To a 10 mL CEM tube there was charged compound 251a (102 mg, 0.2 mmol),PdCl₂(pph₃)₂ (7.0 mg), Cs₂CO₃ (130 mg. 0.4 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) andwater (0.2 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120°C. for 30 min. The solution was filtered, solvent was removed in vacuum,and the residue was purified with HPLC to give compound 251 (5.5 mg,6%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.31 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.24(m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.30 (m, 1H),3.20-3.02 (m, 5H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.24 (m, 5H); ¹⁹FNMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77, −120.

EXAMPLE 205 Synthesis of Compound 252

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252b

To a well-stirred solution of fuming nitric acid (92 mL) was addedcompound 252a (20 g, 133 mmol) at 0° C. slowly. The resulting mixturewas stirred at 0° C. for 3 h. TLC showed the reaction was completed, andthe reaction mixture was poured into ice (100 g) to give the yellowsolid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake wasdissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with water (2×500 mL).The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum togive compound 252b (8.5 g, 33%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400MHz): δ 8.36-8.44 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.42 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.30 (m, 2H),2.73-2.81 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252c

To a solution of SnCl₂ (39.35 g, 174 mmol) in concentrated aqueous HCl(33 mL) was added a solution of compound 252b (8.5 g, 43.6 mmol) in 95%ethanol (16 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 h. TLC showed the reaction was completed, and the mixture wastreated with 50% aqueous NaOH solution (100 mL) to give the yellowsolid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake wasdissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the filtratewas dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 252c(5.5 g, 77%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 6.99-7.20 (m,2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 2.93-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.60 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252d

A mixture of compound 252c (5.5 g, 33.3 mmol) in concentrated HCl (19mL) was stirred at room temperature. Then to the mixture was added ice(10 g) and stirred for a few min. Then to the above mixture was added asolution of NaNO₂ (2.59 g, 36.7 mmol) in H₂O (13 mL) slowly whilekeeping temperature between −5° C.˜0° C., and stirred for 30 min. Thento the mixture was added a solution of KI (55.24 g, 333 mmol) in H₂O (70mL) slowly and stirred for another 3 h. The resulting mixture wasfiltered, and the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL).The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to give compound 252d (5 g, 54%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃400 MHz): δ 8.10 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02-3.05(m, 2H), 2.65-2.68 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252e

A solution of compound 252d (10 g, 36.2 mmol), paraformaldehyde (5.1 g,163 mol), N-methylaniline TFA salt (12 g, 54.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF(120 mL) was refluxed for 8 h. When starting material was totallyconsumed, the crude mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentratedto give the residue, extracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethylacetate=10:1) to give compound 252e (6.7 g, 65%) as a yellow solid. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),6.30 (s, 1H), 5.60 (s, 1H), 3.66 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252f

To a solution of compound 252e (1.6 g, 5.56 mmol, 1 equivalent) indichloromethane (20 mL) was added 2-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene(1.05 mL, 6.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) and the reaction was cooled downto −78° C. After stirring for 15 min at −78° C., BF₃.Et₂O (0.36 mL, 2.78mmol, 0.5 equivalents) was slowly added and the reaction was allowed tostir at −78° C. During the addition, the color of the solution changedfrom colorless to light yellow. After 25 min of the BF₃.Et₂O addition,the TLC indicated total consumption of the dienophile, formation of thesilyl enol ether Diels Alders adduct and the desired ketone. Thereaction was rapidly quenched with MeOH (3.5 mL), allowed to stir 5 minat −78° C. and warmed up to room temperature. Once at room temperature,an aqueous diluted HCl solution (2 M, 25 mL) was added and the biphasicsolution was allowed to stir no more than 5 min. The two phases wereseparated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×100mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure. At this point, the TLC indicated mostly thedesired ketone along with other minor side products. The crude materialwas purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1). The corresponding fractions were combined andconcentrated under reduced pressure yielding compound 252f (0.72 g, 37%)as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12(d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.61-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.37 (m, 2H),2.09-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.83 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 252g and 252h

To a solution of compound 252f (720 mg, 2.01 mmol) in THF (8 mL) wascooled down to −78° C. After 5 min, NaBH₄ (76 mgs, 2.01 mmol) was added,and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. no more than 5 min. WhenTLC indicated the consumption of the diketone, the reaction was quenchedby addition of MeOH (2 mL). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate(50 mL). Water was added (25 mL), and the aqueous layer was extractedwith ethyl acetate (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to afford themixture containing compound 252g and compound 252h (750 mg, 90% crudeyield) as a yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252i

To a solution of compound 252g (800 mg, 2.22 mmol) in THF (12 mL) wasadded NaH (267 mg, 6.66 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for15 min. Then to the above mixture was added methyl iodide (1.39 mL, 22.2mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, and TLCshowed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filteredthrough a pad of celite, and washed with ethyl acetate (40 mL). Thefiltrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=40:1) toafford compound 252i (200 mg, 23%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400MHz): δ 8.10 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H),3.16-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.82 (s, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.73 (m, 2H),1.42-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.41 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252

According to a similar synthesis of compound I-6 described in ExampleI-2, compound 252i (617 mg, 2.0 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 252j(50 mg, 6%) as a white solid. Hydantoin 252j (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) wasthen reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (18 mg, 0.045 mmol) to givecompound 252k (10 mg, 50%) as a yellow solid.

Compound 252k (15 mg, 0.033 mmol) was then dimethylated with MeI (9 mg,0.063 mmol) to give compound 252l (8 mg, 50% crude yield) as a yellowsolid, which was converted to compound 252 (1 mg, 15%). LC-MSt_(R)=0.937 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.33 (s,3H), 3.15-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.17 (m,1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.86 (m, 1H); 1.34-1.45 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.28(m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 206 Synthesis of Compound 253

According to a similar synthesis of compound I-6 described in ExampleI-2, compound 253a (800 mg, 2.45 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 253b(500 mg, 49%) as a white solid. Then compound 253b (200 mg, 0.47 mmol)was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (254 mg, 0.47 mmol) in anhydroustoluene (6 mL) to give compound 253c (70 mg, 33%) as a yellow solid,which was dimethylated with MeI (118 mg, 0.42 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (116 mg,0.84 mmol to give compound 253d (70 mg, 90%) as a yellow solid, whichwas used directly in next step without purification.

Finally, compound 253d (75 mg, 0.21 mmol) was converted to compound 253(6.0 mg, 8%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.854 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 432 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.10-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.18 (s,3H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.97-3.04 (m, 2H), 1.91-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.77 (m,1H), 1.26-1.34 (m, 3H), 1.14-1.22 (m, 2H)

EXAMPLE I-4 Synthesis of Hydantoin I-14

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-11

To a solution of SnCl₂ (9.25 g, 41 mmol) in concentrated HCl (7.5 mL)was added a solution of compound I-10 (3 g, 10.24 mmol) in 95% ethanol(3.6 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h.TLC showed the reaction was completed; the mixture was treated with 50%aqueous NaOH solution (50 mL) to give the yellow solid. The resultingmixture was filtered, and the filtered cake was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (100mL). The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-11 (2 g, 67%) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-12

A mixture of compound I-11 (2 g, 7.60 mmol) in concentrated HBr (13.3mL) was stirred at room temperature. Then to the mixture was added ice(10 g) and stirred for a few min. Then to the above mixture was added asolution of NaNO₂ (585 mg, 8.36 mmol) in H₂O (2.28 mL) slowly whilekeeping temperature between −5° C.˜0° C., and stirred for 30 min. Thento the mixture was added a solution of CuBr (1.21 g, 8.36 mmol) inconcentrated HBr (13.3 mL) slowly and stirred for another 30 min. Theresulting mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was extracted withethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound I-12 (0.85 g, 41%) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-13

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound I-12 (850 mg,2.60 mmol), KCN (338 mg, 5.20 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.87 g, 19.5 mmol) informamide (25 mL). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 72 h, cooledto room temperature, and poured into ice (10 g). After acidificationwith conc. HCl solution (10 mL), the resulting mixture was filtered, andthe filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed withwater (2×200 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to give compound I-13 (650 mg, 63%)as a white solid, which was used in the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-14

To a solution of compound I-13 (140 mg, 0.354 mmol) in CH₃CN (7 mL) wasadded MeI (77 mg, 0.53 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (77 mg, 0.53 mmol). After beingstirred at 80° C. for 15 min in microwave, the mixture was filtrated andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which wasdissolved in CH₂Cl₂, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated undervacuum to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound I-14 (70 mg, 50%)as a yellow solid.

EXAMPLE 207 Synthesis of Compound 254

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 254a

A solution containing compound 254A (48 mg, 0.329 mmol) and compoundI-14 (90 mg, 0.220 mmol) in dioxane (6 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M,1.56 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through thereaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (15.6 mg) was added. Thereaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor andirradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through ashort Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=15:1) to give compound 254a(65 mg, 73%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 254b

A suspension of compound 254a (65 mg, 0.15 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(61 mg, 0.15 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (4 mL) was heated at refluxovernight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue waspurified by prep-TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to givecompound 254b (26 mg, 40%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 254

A solution of compound 254b (26 mg, 0.058 mmol) and t-BuOOH (104 mg,1.158 mmol) in NH₄OH (0.8 mL) and MeOH (1.5 mL) was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure and purified by HPLC to give compound 254 (3.2 mg,12%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.970 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.70-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.70 (m, 1H),7.51-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 4H), 3.23-3.33(s, 3H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 1.85-2.00 (m,2H), 1.71-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.18-1.25(m, 2H)

EXAMPLE 208 Synthesis of Compound 255

According to a similar synthesis of compound 254, compound I-14 (20 mg,0.049 mmol) was coupled with cyclopropyl acetylene (0.2 mL, excess) inthe present of CuI (0.5 mg, 0.00245 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (1.7 mg,0.00245 mmol) to give compound 255a (18 mg, 96%) as white solid.

Compound 255a (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'sReagent (20.4 mg, 0.051 mmol) to give compound 255b (7 mg, 34%) as ayellow solid, which was converted to compound 255 (2.2 mg, 31%). LC-MSt_(R)=1.001 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 396 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.95-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.88-6.93 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.33 (s,3H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 2H),1.71-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.28 (m,2H), 1.10-1.18 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.66 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 209 Synthesis of Compound 256

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256a

A solution containing the tributyl (3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ynyl)stannane(1.166 g, 2.91 mmol) and compound I-7 (600 mg, 1.94 mmol) in toluene (10mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through thereaction mixture for 5 min. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (68 mg, 0.097 mmol) wasadded. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwavereactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) andaqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc(3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL),dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to givethe residue, which was purified preparative TLC (petroleum/ethylacetate=3:1) to give compound 256a (400 mg, 64%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256b

To a solution of compound 256a (5 mg, 0.016 mmol) in THF (5 mL) wasadded Pd/C (2 mg, 10% in w.t.). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm), LCMS showed that thereaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated to give compound 256b (4 mg, crude, 80%) as awhite solid, which was used directly for next step without furtherpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256c

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 256b (100 mg,0.307 mmol), KCN (40 mg, 0.614 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (221 mg, 2.3 mmol).Formamide (25 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h,and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice. Afteracidification with concentrated aqueous HCl solution (3 mL), the mixturewas filtrated to give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate(100 mL) and washed with water (2×25 mL). The organic phase was driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude compound 256c, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=1:1) to givecompound 4 (68 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256d

To a solution of compound 256c (50 mg, 0.126 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (52 mg, 0.378 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, MeI (20mg, 0.139 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C.for 10 min in microwave, and at 100° C. for another 10 min. The mixturewas filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureto give compound 256d (30 mg, 55%) as a white solid, which was used forthe next step directly without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256e

A solution of compound 256d (16 mg, 0.039 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(16 mg, 0.039 mmol) in dry toluene (1.5 mL) was heated at 140° C. for 30min in a CEM microwave reactor. LCMS showed that the reaction wascompleted, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and theresidue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=2:1) togive compound 256e (14 mg, 84%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256

A mixture of compound 256e (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide(127 mg of a 65% solution in water, 1.41 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (10 mL, 5 N)was stirred at room temperature overnight, LCMS showed that the reactionwas completed, then reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=5:1) and preparative HPLC gave compound 256 (5.7 mg, 22%)as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.097 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23-7.26 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H),3.08-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.04-3.06 (m, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.81-2.85 (t, J=9.6Hz, 2H), 2.36-2.49 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.85 (m, 1H),1.57-1.65 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.34-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.32 (m, 2H). ¹⁹FNMR (CD₃OD): δ −58.90, −64.78, −68.17.

EXAMPLE I-5 Synthesis of Intermediate I-20

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-16

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound I-15 (4.33 g,14.67 mmol), KCN (1.9 g, 29.36 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (10.57 g, 110.03mmol) in formamide (80 mL). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 72 h,cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice (20 g). Afteracidification with conc. HCl solution (25 mL), the resulting mixture wasfiltered, and the filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL)and washed with water (2×500 mL). The organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-16 (2.78 g, 52%) asa brown solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-17

A solution of compound I-16 (1.8 g, 4.95 mmol), TBSCl (0.89 g, 5.93mmol) and imidazole (674 mg, 9.9 mmol) in DMF (18 mL) was stirred atroom temperature overnight. Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) wereadded, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to give compound I-17 (1.3 g, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-18

A suspension of compound I-17 (1.3 g, 2.73 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(1.1 g, 2.73 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (52 mL) was heated at refluxovernight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) togive compound I-18 (750 mg, 71%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-19

To a solution of compound I-18 (50 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 mL) wasadded MeI (37 mg, 0.263 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (73 mg, 0.53 mmol). After beingstirred at 60° C. for 10 min in microwave, additional MeI (37 mg, 0.263mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for another10 min in microwave, concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-19 (40 mg,80%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-20

A solution of compound I-19 (80 mg, 0.196 mmol) and NH₄I (284 mg, 1.96mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 3.5 mL) was irradiated at 120° C. in amicrowave reactor for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL), and stirred for30 min. The mixture was filtered, concentrated in vacuo to give compoundI-20 (30 mg, 38%) as a yellow solid.

EXAMPLE 210 Synthesis of Compound 257

A solution containing compound I-20 (30 mg, 0.080 mmol) and compound257A (17.5 mg, 0.119 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M,0.56 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through thereaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5.6 mg, 0.008 mmol) wasadded. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwavereactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through ashort Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 257 (2.4 mg, 7%) asa white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.846 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 401 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.96 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 3.47-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H),1.83-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.48 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 211 Synthesis of Compound 258

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258a

To a solution of compound I-20 (400 mg, 1.06 mmol) in anhydrous THF (16mL) was added DMAP (194 mg, 1.59 mmol), Boc₂O (347 mg, 1.59 mmol) andEt₃N (214 mg, 2.12 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuoto yield the crude compound 258a, which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 258a (100 mg, 25%)as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258b

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenserwas charged with compound 258a (80 mg, 0.17 mmol), Et₃N (5 mL) and Et₂NH(1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (3.2mg, 0.017 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (11.8 mg, 0.017 mmol). The system wasdegassed once again, then cyclopropyl acetylene (0.7 mL, excess) wasadded and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. in an oil bath for 15 h. Thesolvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned betweenethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith ethyl acetate (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by preparative TLCeluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (1:1) to give compound 258b(54 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258d

To a solution of compound 258c (44 mg, 0.16 mmol), DMAP (0.2 mg, 0.0016mmol) and Et₃N (0.02 mL, 0.16 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (3 mL)was added Boc₂O (44 mg, 0.202 mmol) at room temperature. After beingstirred for 3 h, the reaction mixture was added compound 258b (60 mg,0.13 mmol), DMAP (4 mg, 0.032 mmol) and EDCI.HCl (38 mg, 0.20 mmol).Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reactionmixture was purified by preparative TLC (prtroleum ether: EtOAc=2:1) togive compound 258d (32 mg, 25%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400MHz): δ 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H),7.06 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (m, 3H), 4.90 (m, 1H), 4.59 (m, 1H), 4.43(m, 1H), 3.13-3.09 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 3.01-2.93 (m, 3H),1.87-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.35(s, 9H), 1.49-1.15 (m, 6H), 0.83-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258

To a solution of compound 258d (15 mg, 0.018 mmol) in dichloromethane(0.5 mL) was added a solution of TFA in dichloromethane (20%, 2 mL) at˜0° C. and then stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified bypreparative RP-HPLC (neutral) to give compound 258 (4.5 mg, 47%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.85 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z527.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11(d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 6.96-6.93 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.68-6.64(dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.62-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.10 (d,J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.93 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 2.89-2.84 (m, 1H),2.80-2.74 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.75 (m, 3H), 1.75-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.41 (m,2H), 1.40-1.24 (m, 4H), 0.81-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.68 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 212 Synthesis of Compound 259

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of magnesium turning (0.7 g, 24 mmol) and trimethoxyborane(8.1 mL, 72.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) was added2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2.5 mL, 29 mmol) in THF (5 mL) over 20min at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 3 h. Most of magnesium turning was disappeared. Thereaction was quenched by addition of aq. HCl solution (30 mL, 6 M),extracted with Et₂O (3×50 mL), washed with brine (30 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to givethe crude product (200 mg) as a gray solid, which was used for next stepdirectly without purification without purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400MHz): δ 8.33 (br, 2H), 6.32 (s, 2H)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (100 mg, 0.2 mmol) in toluene/methanol (3mL, 5:1) was added compound 2, aq. Na₂CO₃ solution (0.5 mL, 1.0 M), andPd(PPh₃)₄ (10 mg, 0.01 mmol) successively under a nitrogen atmosphere.The reaction mixture was heated at 70° C. for 12 h. The mixture wasseparated between EtOAc and water. The aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (3×25 mL), washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,concentrated under reduced pressure to the crude product, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound4 (45 mg, 45%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.69 (s, 1H),7.32 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 5.87 (s, 1H), 5.64 (s, 1H),3.24 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 5H), 1.97 (m, 3H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.50 (m, 10H),1.34 (m, 5H), 1.25 (m, 5H)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) in t-BuOH/H₂O (2 mL, 4:1)was added OsO₄ (1.0 mg) and NaIO₄ (30 mg, 0.15 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then quenched bysaturate aqueous Na₂S₂O₃ solution, extracted with EtOAc (3×35 mL),washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo togive the crude product (50 mg), which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether: EtOAc=3:1) to give crude compound 5 (25 mg, 100% crudeyield) as a white solid, which was used for next step withoutpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (30 mg, 0.057 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) wasadded NaBH₄ (11 mg, 0.285 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by water,precipitate was filtered off, and redissolved in EtOAc (10 mL),extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product (30 mg, 100% crudeyield) as a light yellow oil, which was used for next step withoutpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) wasadded Et₃N (25 uL, 0.18 mmol) followed by MsCl (9 mg, 0.072 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Water (10 mL)was added, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL), washedwith brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo to give thecrude product (30 mg, 100% crude yield) as a light yellow oil, which wasused for next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (10 mg, 0.017 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) was addedPd/C (5 mg), the reaction mixture was hydrogenated at 50° C. under 50PSI overnight. The catalyst was filtered, and the filtrate wasconcentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product (10 mg),which was used for next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 259

To a solution of compound 8 (8 mg, 0.016 mmol) in dixoane was heated at120° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 min. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparativeRP-HPLC to give compound 259 (0.5 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.068 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 396 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.44-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.50 (m, 5H), 3.11(m, 6H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.27 (m, 4H);¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz) δ −62.3

EXAMPLE 213 Synthesis of Compound 260

Compound 4 in Example 212 (14 mg, 0.076 mmol) was dissolved in 4 MHCl/MeOH solution, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 3 h. After completion, the solvent was removed under reducedpressure, and the residue was purified by acidic preparative RP-HPLC togive compound 260 (3.1 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.089 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 408 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.51-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H),3.50 (m, 4H), 3.18 (m, 5H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.38 (m, 5H)

EXAMPLE 214 Synthesis of Compound 261

Compound 5 in Example 212 was dissolved in 2 M HCl/MeOH (1 mL), and theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solventwas removed under reduced pressure to the residue, which was purified bypreparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 261 (7.0 mg, 35%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.964 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s,3H), 3.22 (m, 6H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.27 (m, 5H); ¹⁹FNMR δ−84.4

EXAMPLE 215 Synthesis of Compound 262

To a solution of compound 261 (5 mg, 0.012 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) wasadded NaBH₄ (2 mg, 0.06 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. The solvent was removed and the residue waspurified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 262 (1.9 mg, 40%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.993 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z412 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.53-7.33 (m, 3H), 5.04 (m, 1H),3.34 (s, 3H), 3.19 (m, 6H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.29 (m,5H); ¹⁹F NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz) δ−71.3.

EXAMPLE 216 Synthesis of Compound 263

To a solution of compound 4 described in Example 212 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol)in MeOH (2 mL) was added Pd/C (10 mg), the reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature with H₂ balloon for overnight. The catalyst wasfiltered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure togive the crude product (10 mg, 66%) compound 9 as a colorless oil, whichwas used for next step without purification.

To a solution of compound 9 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added 4 M HCl/dioxanesolution (1 mL), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give theresidue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 263(1.5 mg, 18%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.108 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30(m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.17-3.04 (m, 6H),2.00 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.29 (m,4H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −62.3.

EXAMPLE 217 Synthesis of Compound 264

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A suspension of compound 1 (70 mg, 0.192 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(85 mg, 0.212 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was heated to refluxovernight. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture wasconcentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 2as a white solid (30 mg, 41%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 264

A mixture of compound 2 (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide(0.11 g of a 65% solution in water, 0.8 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) wasadded aqueous ammonium hydroxide (1 mL), the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure to dryness. The residue was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1) and preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 264 (5.8 mg,40%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.068 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 364.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23 (s, 2H), 6.95 (s,1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.15 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 3.01-3.05 (d, J=15.2Hz, 1H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 3H), 1.24-1.48 (m, 6H), 0.85-0.89 (m, 2H),0.69-0.73 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 218 Synthesis of Compound 265

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (1.8 g, 15.5 mmol) intert-butyl alcohol (60 mL) was added benzyl triphenyl phosphoniumchloride (4.8 g, 12.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 1 h. Compound 1 (3.0 g, 10.2 mmol) was added undernitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue wasadded H₂O (100 mL) and then was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3),the combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL×2).The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to yield crude product, which was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate=100:1 to 10:1 to give compound 2 (2.8 g, 75%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A mixture of compound 2 (2.8 g, 7.6 mmol), ethyl acetate (150 mL) andPtO₂ (0.20 g, 0.88 mmol) was stirred at ambient temperature under 1 atmhydrogen atmosphere overnight. The precipitate was filtered off andwashed with ethyl acetate (50 mL×2). The filtrate and the washings wereconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate=100:1 to 10:1 and then by preparative TLC on silica gel elutingwith petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=10:1 to give compound 3 (0.70 g,24%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.41 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=369.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H),7.30-7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 3H),2.80-2.90 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.60 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H),1.65-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.45 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A flask was charged with compound 3 (0.30 g, 0.81 mmol), anhydrousdichloromethane (6 mL) and TiCl₄ (3.2 mL, 3.2 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂). Thetube was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. N,N′-methanediylidenebis-(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (0.45 g, 2.4 mmol) was added. Thereaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Themixture was quenched with ice-water (10 mL) carefully with stirring.Brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted withdichloromethane (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed withsaturated brine (10 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 4(0.31 g, 97% crude yield) as a pale yellow solid, which was used in thenext step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A steel clave was charged with a mixture of compound 4 (0.31 g, 0.79mmol), KCN (0.20 g, 3.16 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (0.80 g, 8.32 mmol), Ethanol(3 mL) and H₂O (3 mL) carefully. The mixture was heated at 80° C.overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice-water(40 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 10%iso-propanol) (50 mL×3), and the combined organic layers were washedwith brine (50 mL×3). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 5 (0.36 g, 102%crude yield) as a white solid, which was used in next step withoutfurther purification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.85 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=439.0 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A flask was charged with a mixture of compound 5 (0.25 g, 0.57 mmol,crude), K₂CO₃ (0.30 g, 0.22 mmol) and DMF (5 mL). The mixture wasstirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, and then iodomethane (90 mg,0.63 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe withstirring. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Thereaction mixture was poured into brine (100 mL). The mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate (contained with 10% methanol) (20 mL×3).The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL×2). Theseparated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuoto give crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC on silicagel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1 to give compound 6(0.14 g, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.29 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=453.3 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 6 (0.13 g, 0.29mmol), Lawesson's reagent (0.14 g, 0.35 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (3mL) under nitrogen. The mixture was heated at 130° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed byevaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethylacetate=2:1 to give compound 7 (60 mg, 44%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 265

To a solution of compound 7 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) was addedNH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.20 g, 2.2 mol). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 265 (30 mg, 51%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.88 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.35-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m,3H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.15 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.00-3.10 (s, 3H),2.85-2.95 (d, J=20.4 Hz, 1H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.00 (m, 2H),1.45-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.05-1.15 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 219 Synthesis of Compound 266

4.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3A

A flask was charged with compound 3 described in Example 218 (0.30 g,0.81 mmol), Et₃N (10 mL), Et₂N (2 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.034 g, 0.48mmol), CuI (0.009 g, 0.047 mmol) and ethynyl cyclopropane (3 mL) undernitrogen at ambient temperature in turn. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 60° C. for 48 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removedby evaporation in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100mL), and the resulting organic mixture was washed with 1 N HCl aqueoussolution (30 mL), H₂O (30 mL) and brine (30 mL×2) successively. Theseparated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered off the solidand concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product as red oil, whichwas purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withpetroleum ether: ethyl acetate=100:1 to 5:1 to give compound 3A (0.28 g,97%) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.51 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=355.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4A

A flask was charged with compound 3A (0.15 g, 0.42 mmol), drieddichloromethane (3 mL) and TiCl₄ (1.7 mL, 1.7 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂). Thetube was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. After cooling down,N,N′-methanediylidene bis-(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (0.24 g, 1.3mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperatureovernight. The mixture was quenched with ice-water (10 mL) carefullywith stirring. Saturated brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture wasextracted with dichloromethane (10 mL×3). The combined organic layerswere washed with saturated brine (10 mL×2). The separated organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crudecompound 4A (0.16 g, 100% crude yield) as a pale yellow solid, which wasused directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5A

A steel clave was charged with a mixture of compound 4A (0.31 g, 0.79mmol), KCN (0.20 g, 3.16 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (0.80 g, 8.32 mmol), ethanol(3 mL) and H₂O (3 mL) carefully. The mixture was heated at 80° C.overnight, and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured intoice-water (40 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate(contained 10% iso-propanol) (50 mL×3), and the combined organic layerswere washed with saturated brine (50 mL×3). The separated organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crudeproduct, which was purified by column chromatography on silica geleluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=50:1 to 2:1 to give compound5A (0.40 g, 22%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.50 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=425.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6A

A flask was charged with a mixture of compound 5A (40 mg, 0.094 mmol),K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and DMF (3 mL). The mixture was stirred atambient temperature for 1 h, and then a solution of iodomethane (14 mg,0.099 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe withstirring. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Thereaction mixture was poured into saturated brine (50 mL). The mixturewas extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×2). The combined organic layerswere washed with saturated brine (20 mL×2). The separated organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound6A (40 mg, 97% crude yield) as a white solid, which was used directly innext step. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.50 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=425.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7A

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 6A (40 mg, 0.091mmol), Lawesson's reagent (40 mg, 0.099 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1mL) under nitrogen. The mixture was heated at 130° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 40 min. After cooling down, the solvent was removed byevaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethylacetate=2:1 to give compound 7A (10 mg, 24%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=2.65 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=455.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 266

To a solution of compound 7A (10 mg, 0.022 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (50 mg, 0.56 mol).After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h.The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 266 (9.1 mg, 94%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.97 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=438.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.15 (m,3H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.05 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H),2.90-2.97 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.50-2.60 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m,1H), 1.40-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.05-1.15(m, 1H), 0.70-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.50-0.60 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 220 Synthesis of Compound 267

A mixture of compound 265 (10 mg, 0.022 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid(5 mg, 0.034 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 0.40 mmol, 2M in water) andPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg, 0.0014 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 mL) under nitrogenwas stirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 20 min. Aftercooling down, saturated brine (10 mL) was added and the mixture wasextracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers werewashed with saturated brine (10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo, the resulting crude product was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 267 (7.7 mg, 74%) with 98% puritybased on LC-MS as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.93 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=475.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.95-8.00 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.60 (m,1H), 7.45-7.55 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15(m, 3H), 3.17-3.25 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 2H),1.85-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.85 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 221 Synthesis of Compounds 268 and 269

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.2 g, 0.53 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane(1.5 mL) in a 10 mL CEM microwave tube, there was added Dess-Martinperiodinane (247 mg, 0.58 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated with aCEM microwave reactor at 70° C. for 5 min, washed with 1N NaOH aqueoussolution, brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed to givecompound 2 (156.0 mg, 77%), which was used for the next step withoutpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3A and 3B

To a solution of compound 2 (156.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL), therewas added dimethylamine hydrochloride (6.1 mg, 0.82 mmol), KOH (23 mg,0.41 mmol) followed by NaCNBH₃ (52 mg, 0.82 mmol). The resultingsolution was stirred at room temperature overweekend, and purified byHPLC to give compound 3A (82.8 mg, 39%), LC-MS t_(R)=3.65 min in 16 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺. And compound 3B (60.5 mg, 32%),LC-MS t_(R)=3.47 min in 16 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for preparation of compounds 268 and 269

According to the similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 3A (50 mg,0.12 mmol) afforded compound 268 (3.2 mg, 5%) as a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=0.93 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 6H),2.10-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.84-1.46 (m, 5H). And compound 3B (30 mg, 0.07 mmol)afforded compound 269 (1.90 mg, 5%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.09 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 7.54 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),3.22 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),2.10-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.76 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 222 Synthesis of Compound 270

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (10.0 mg,0.02 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid to gave finalproduct compound 270 (0.91 mg, 8%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.08 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.52 (m,1H), 3.24 (m, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.86 (s, 6H), 2.16-2.00 (m, 3H),1.88-1.52 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 223 Synthesis of Compound 271

Step 1

A flask containing 1 (67 mg, 0.17 mmol), cesium carbonate (130 mg, 0.4mmol), and methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate (86 mg, 0.37 mmol) in DMF (2mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was dilutedwith water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc 3×. Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and the solvent evaporated to afford a crude mixture of 3. Theproduct was used as is in the next step. LC/MS ret=2.3 min ES+=691(M+1).

Step 2

A mixture of 3 (˜0.17 mmol), ammonia (7M in MeOH, 1 mL), ammonium iodide(123 mg, 0.85 mmol) in MeOH (6 mL) was heated using microwave at 100° C.for 40 min. The solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture purifiedvia Gilson to afford compound 271 (7 mg). LC/MS t_(R)=1.64 min, ES+=526(M+1). ¹HNMR (MeOD) δ 8.01 (ap d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.61 (d,1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.54 (t, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=1.8 Hz), 7.31 (d,1H, J=7.9 Hz), 5.04 (d, 1H, J=16.7 Hz), 4.92 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 3.92(s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 3.16 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz), 3.07 (d, 1H,J=16 Hz), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.79 (ap d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 1.48-1.22 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 224 Synthesis of Compound 272

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A solution of(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (1)(0.87 g, 2.95 mmol) and CuI (57.1 mg, 0.30 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (9mL) was heated at 60° C. under N₂ for 10 minutes to give a clearsolution. 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetic acid (0.55 g, 0.32 mL,3.10 mmol) was added to the solution dropwise, and the resultingsolution was stirred at the same temperature for 5 min, cooled down toroom temperature, quenched with water (15 mL), extracted with DCM (10mL×4). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (0 to 40% EtOAc/Hexane) to afford(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(2) (0.55 g, 54%). LC-MS t_(R)=2.06 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 345 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(2) (364 mg, 1.05 mmol) and CsF (0.64 g, 4.2 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (10mL) there was added N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine)(0.95 mL, 4.2 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction was added water (10 mL), extractedwith DCM (10 mL×4), combined organic layers were washed with brine (10mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give(E)-N-((1r,40-5′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(3) (0.39 g, 100%), which was used for next step without purification.LC-MS t_(R)=2.04 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 369 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a 50 mL sealed tube there was charged(E)-N-((1r,4r)-5′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide(3) (0.39 g, 1.05 mmol), KCN (141 mg, 2.1 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (0.71 g, 7.3mmol), and EtOH (3 mL) and water (3 mL). The tube was sealed, and heatedat 75° C. overnight. The solution was cooled to room temperature,diluted with water (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (5 mL×4). Combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, andthe solvent was removed in vacuum to give hydantoin 4 (423.3 mg), whichwas used for the next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.62 min in3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of above crude hydantoin 4 (158.9 mg, 0.38 mmol) in DMF (1mL) there was added K₂CO₃ (0.42 g, 3.04 mmol) followed by MeI (59.7 mg,0.42 mmol), the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45min, reaction completion was confirmed by LC-MS. The mixture was thendiluted with water (5 mL), extracted with DCM (5 mL×4). Combinedorganics were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and thesolvent was removed in vacuum to give compound 5 (170.1 mg), which wasused for the next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.76 min in 3min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 429 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

The above crude 5 (0.38 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) andtransferred to a 10 mL CEM tube. Lawesson's reagent (154 mg, 0.38 mmol)was added to the tube, and the resulting mixture was heated in a CEMmicrowave reactor at 120° C. for 130 min. Solvent was removed and theresidue was purified with flash chromatography (0 to 60% EtOAc/Hexane)to give thio-hydantoin 6 (113.7 mg, 67%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.94 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 445 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 272 and 273

To a solution of thio-hydantoin 6 (113.7 mg, 0.26 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL)there was added ammonium hydroxide (7 mL) followed by t-butylhydroperoxide (˜5.5 m in nonane, 0.8 mL). the resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature over weekend. Upon removal of solvent, theresidue was purified by HPLC to give compound 273 (1.10 mg, 1%). LC-MSt_(R)=1.52 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (dd, J=1.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=1.2 Hz,1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20(s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H),1.74-1.40 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.3 (d, J=76Hz). and compound 272 (1.54 mg, 1.6%), LC-MS t_(R)=1.05 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54(dd, J=1.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 2H),1.94-78 (m, 3H), 1.54-1.26 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 225 Synthesis of Compound 274

A mixture containing compound 274a (0.2 g, 0.468 mmol), compound 274A(0.5 g, 1.41 mmol) in dry toluene (15 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling astream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. ThenPdCl₂(dppf) (20 mg, 0.023 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealedand placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 45min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was dilutedwith EtOAc (10 mL), and filtered through a short Celite pad. Thesolution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified byacidic preparative HPLC to give compound 274 (30 mg, 15%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=3.282 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.22-6.60(m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.21 (m, 5H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.87 (d, J=12.4Hz, 1H), 1.68-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 5H), 0.8 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m,2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 376 MHz): δ −81.91

A 10 mL CEM microwave tube was charged with compound 274b (48.2 mg, 0.11mmol), PdCl2(pph3)2 (cat. amount), CuI (cat. amount), triethylamine (0.3mL) and DMF (0.3 mL). The mixture was degassed then protected with N₂.In a separated tube, ethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was degassed at −78°C., then warmed to room temperature. After degassing, excessethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was added to the microwave tube withother reagents, and the resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwavereactor at 120° C. for 60 min. The mixture was filtered, and purified byHPLC to give compound 274 (5 mg, 11%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.64min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H),3.20 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.40 (m,6H), 0.86 (m, 2H), 0.66 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.1,−82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 226 Synthesis of Compound 275

In an 8 mL vial was charged with compound 275a (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) andCuCl (23 mg, 0.234 mmol). DMF (3 mL) was added, and the vial was sealedand placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 170° C. for 1 h.After cooling down, the solid was filtered and the filtrate was removedby evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by acidicpreparative HPLC to give compound 275 (2.5 mg, 37%) as a whit solid,LC-MS t_(R)=1.454 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.39 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H),6.23-6.61 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.24 (m, 5H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 2H),1.84-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.62 (m, 5H), 1.45-1.54 (m,1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 376 MHz): δ −81.95.

EXAMPLE 227 Synthesis of Compound 276

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (16.0 mg,0.03 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid to gave finalproduct compound 276 (10.1 mg, 74%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.52 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.52 (m,1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.20 (sm, 5H), 2.02 (m, 2H),1.88 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.44 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4,−82.2 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 228 Synthesis of Compound 277

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (19.3 mg,0.036 mmol) was reacted with cyclopropylboronic acid to gave finalproduct compound 277 (2.9 mg, 20%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.51 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 390 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 7.24 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H),6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 2H),2.02-1.82 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.40 (m, 5H), 0.94 (m, 2H), 0.84 (m, 2H). ¹⁹FNMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.2 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 229 Synthesis of Compound 278

A solution of compound 1 (10 mg, 0.019 mmol) and Pd—C (cat. amount) inMeOH (1 mL) was degassed and charged H₂ with a balloon, and stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour. Upon filtration, the filtrate wasconcentrated and retreated with 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) forovernight. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purifiedwith HPLC to give compound 278 (1.09 mg, 12%) as a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=1.36 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 350 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t,J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.40 (m,8H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.5, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 230 Synthesis of Compound 279

A solution of compound 274 (3 mg, 0.007 mmol) and Pd-C (cat. amount) inEtOH (1 mL) was degassed and charged with a H₂ balloon, and stirred atroom temperature for 3 hours. Upon filtration, the filtrate was purifiedwith HPLC to give compound 279 (1.54 mg, 41%) as a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=1.70 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02(s, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m,2H), 2.68 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.40 (m, 10H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m,2H), 0.02 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.3 (d, J=76Hz).

EXAMPLE 231 Synthesis of Compound 280

In a 10 mL CEM microwave tube there was added compound 1 (5 mg, 0.012mmol), CuCN (excess) followed by DMF (0.2 mL). The mixture was heatedwith a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 90 min. The resultingmixture was carefully added 1 N HCl (0.3 mL) in a hood, filtered andpurified with HPLC to give compound 280 (3.0 mg, 51%) as a TFA salt.LC-MS t_(R)=1.29 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 375 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.76 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.58(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 2H),3.20 (s, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.40 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR(CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 232 Synthesis of Compounds 281 and 282

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.29 g, 0.80 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) there wasadded K₂CO₃ (0.33 g, 2.4 mmol), followed by 2-iodopropane (52.6 mg, 0.88mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overweekend, diluted with water (5 mL), extracted with DCM (5 mL×4).Combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), the solvent wasremoved in vacuum, and the residue was purified by a flashchromatography (0-70% EtOAx/Hexane) to afford compound 2 (219.5 mg,67%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 407[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3& 4

A solution of compound 1 (217.0 mg, 0.53 mmol) and CuI (10.0 mg, 0.05mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (5 mL) was heated at 60° C. under N₂ for 10minutes to give a clear solution. 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)aceticacid (99.1 mg, 0.56 mmol) was added to the solution dropwise, and theresulting solution was stirred at the same temperature for 5 min, cooleddown to room temperature, quenched with water (10 mL), extracted withDCM (10 mL×4). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuum to afford compound 3 and 4 as a 2:1mixture (223.2 mg), which was used for the next step withoutpurification. Compound 3: LC-MS t_(R)=1.96 min in 3 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 457 [M+H]⁺; Compound 4: LC-MS t_(R)=1.83 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 435 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 281 and 282

According to a similar synthesis of compound 291, mixture of 3 and 4(221.7 mg, 0.48 mmol) afforded compound 281 (60.0 mg, 22%) as a TFAsalt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.56 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 456[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (dd, J=0.8, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44(d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28(m, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.88 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.40 (m,11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.24 (d, J=76 Hz). Compound282 (6.95 mg) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.42 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 456 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54(m, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.10(m, 2H), 1.90 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.28 (m, 11H).

EXAMPLE 233 Synthesis of Compound 283

According to a similar synthesis of compound 280, compound 1 (5 mg, 0.01mmol) was heat in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 130 min toafford compound 283 (1.75 mg, 34%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 403 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 7.76 (m, 2H), 7.58 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H),4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.30 (m, 11H). ¹⁹FNMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −75.8, −82.34 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 234 Synthesis of Compound 284

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (5.0 mg,0.01 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid to gave finalproduct compound 284 (1.42 mg, 24%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.70 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 479 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.56 (s,1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H),3.20 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.40 (m, 11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376MHz): δ −77.6, −82.28 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 235 Synthesis of Compound 285

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (13.6 mg,0.03 mmol) was reacted with (5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)boronicacid to gave final product compound 285 (1.80 mg, 9%) as a TFA salt.LC-MS t_(R)=1.68 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 523 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H),7.78 (m, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28(m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.42 (m,11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −64.34, −77.6, −82.28 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 236 Synthesis of Compound 286

A 10 mL CEM microwave tube was charged with compound 1 (13.0 mg, 0.028mmol), PdCl2(pph3)2, Cs2CO3 and Toluene (0.5 mL), and degassed for 2-3minutes, then flushed with N2. Tributyl(cyclopropylethynyl)stannane (0.1mL, excess) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated with a CEMmicrowave reactor at 120° C. for 30 min. Upon filtration, the solventwas removed, and the residue was purified by HPLC to afford compound 286(4.29 mg, 28%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.80 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34(m, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.04 (m,1H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.40 (m, 12H), 0.86 (m, 2H),0.68 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.1, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 237 Synthesis of Compound 287

A solution of compound 1 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Pd-C (cat. amount) inMeOH (2 mL) was degassed and charged H₂ with a balloon. The resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 min. Upon filtration, thefiltrate was concentrated and purified with HPLC to give compound 287(5.26 mg, 36%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38(m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m,1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.92 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.40 (m, 11H).¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.20 (d, J=76 Hz).

EXAMPLE 238 Synthesis of Compound 288

1. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.23 g, 0.558 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (0.15 g, 1.116 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then iodomethane (95 mg, 0.558mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. Themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixturewas partitioned between H₂O (25 mL) and ethyl acetate (25 mL). Theseparated organic phase was washed with saturated brine (3×20 mL), driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude. Thecrude was purified by preparative TLC (hexane/EtOAc=3/1) to givecompound 2 (0.18 g, 71%) as a white solid.

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A 35 mL vial was charged with compound 2 (0.18 g, 0.395 mmol), Lawessonsreagent (0.19 g, 0.474 mmol). Toluene (5 mL) was added, and the vial wassealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C.for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation invacuo and the resulting residue was purified by preparative TLC(hexane/EtOAc=3/1) to give compound 6 (56 mg, 30%) as a white solid.

3. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (56 mg, 0.118 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was addedNH₃—H₂O (0.8 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.37 g, 2.36 mmol). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thesolvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (5 mL) and H₂O (2 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and washed with brine (5 mL), dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by preparative TLC (EtOAc) to give compound 4 (15 mg, 28%) as awhite solid.

4. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 288

A solution containing compound 4 (15 mg, 0.033 mmol), compound 4A (7 mg,0.049 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.6 mL) wasdeoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reactionmixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(dppf) (1.5 mg, 0.002 mmol) was added. Thereaction was heated to reflux overnight. The organic layer was separatedand washed with water (2×10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, andevaporated under vacuum to give the crude. The crude was purified byacidic preparative HPLC to give compound 288 (6.6 mg, 42%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=3.016 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 473.4[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.59 (s, 1H), 9.36 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),8.84 (m, 1H), 8.64 (dd, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.1-7.5 (m, 1H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 4.97 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 2H),2.83-3.00 (m, 3H), 2.58-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.57 (m, 10H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD376 MHz): δ −81.88, −128.26.

EXAMPLE 239 Synthesis of Compound 289

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (500 mg, 2.32 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (355 mg, 2.55 mmol) and compound 1A (0.26 mL, 2.55 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (20mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×4). Theorganic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether: EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 2 (366 mg, 66%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (80 mg, 0.19 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) wasadded BBr₃ (0.4 mL, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 0.4 mmol) under N₂ at −78° C. Thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for1 h. TLC showed compound 2 was completely consumed. The reaction wascooled to 0° C. and quenched with 1 N HCl, extracted with EtOAc (10mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 3 (30 mg, 39%) as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 5.43 (s,1H), 4.22 (m, 1H), 3.51 (s, mH), 3.09-2.91 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 3H), 1.46(m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 8H), 1.24 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A solution of compound 3 (30 mg, 0.074 mmol) and CuI (3 mg, 0.015 mmol)in CH₃CN (1.5 mL) was stirred at 70° C. for 30 min. FSO₂CFCOOH (14 mg,0.078 mmol) in CH₃CN (0.2 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixturewas continued stirring at 70° C. for 15 min and the solvent was removed.H₂O (10 mL) was added and the mixture extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3).The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 4 (10 mg, 29%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (25 mg, 0.055 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL)was added Lawesson's reagent (33 mg, 0.082 mmol) under N₂. The reactionmixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 1 h. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 5 (12mg, 46%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (12 mg, 0.021 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) andNH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (65 mg, 0.424 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The solvent was removedand the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 6 (8mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 289

To a solution of compound 6 (8 mg, 0.0175 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL)was added compound 6B (5 mg, 0.035 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃solution (0.05 mL, 2M in H₂O, 0.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was heatedin a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 15 min. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 289 (2 mg, 24%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.089 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 473 [M+H]⁺,¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.11 (m, 1H), 7.94 (t, J=15.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.51 (dd, J=10.0, 8.0 Hz, 34.4, 2H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.13 (t,J=151.6, 67.6 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (m, 0.3H), 3.98. (m, 0.5H), 3.38 (m, 1H),3.08 (m, 2H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 0.4H), 1.53 (m, 5H),1.43 (m, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −74.081, −81.921

EXAMPLE 240 Synthesis of Compound 290

1. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (0.28 g, 0.676 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (280 mg, 2.029 mmol) and 2-iodo-propane (0.172, 1.014 mmol).The mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. Then brine (15 mL)was added and extracted with of EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organiclayers were separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, and evaporated to give crudecompound 5 (280 mg, crude) as a white solid.

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (280 mg, 0.614 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (5mL) was added compound 5A (172 mg, 0.675 mmol), KOAc (174 mg, 1.781mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (21 mg, 0.0307 mmol) in a N₂ atmosphere. Themixture was heated to reflux overnight. Brine (5 mL) was added to quenchthe reaction and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organiclayers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, evaporated to give crudecompound 6 (300 mg, crude) as a white solid, which was used for the nextstep without further purification.

3. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (300 mg, 0.595 mmol) in THF (20 mL) wasadded HOAc (30 mL) and H₂O₂ (10 mL). The solution was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. Sat. NaHSO₃ (20 mL) was added to quench thereaction. Then the reaction mixture was neutralized with sat. Na₂CO₃ andthe solution was extracted with EtOAc (2×150 mL). The combined organiclayers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The residue waspurified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 7 (100 mg, 43%) asa white solid.

4. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (50 mg, 0.127 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedbromomethyl-cyclopropane (22 mg, 0.165 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (53 mg, 0.381mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.Sat. NH₄Cl (5 mL) solution was added to quench the reaction, and thenextracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated under vacuum. The residuewas purified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 8 (10 mg, 18%)as a white solid.

5. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

An 8 mL vial was charged with compound 8 (20 mg, 0.0446 mmol),Lawesson's reagent (22 mg, 0.0536 mmol). Toluene (2 mL) was added, andthe vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiatedat 130° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed byevaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: EtOAc, 50:1 to 10:1) togive compound 9 (20 mg, 95%) as a white solid.

6. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 290

To a solution of compound 9 (20 mg, 0.0431 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (0.6 mL) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (135 mg, 0.862 mmol).After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h.The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue waspartitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (50 mL) and H₂O (20mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 290 (9.0 mg, 50%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.161 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z448 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.02 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (dd,J=2.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 5.90-6.40 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m,1H), 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.54 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.84 (m,3H), 1.32-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.23 (m, 9H), 1.47 (m, 1H), 0.35 (m, 2H), 0.08(m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 376 MHz): δ −74.61

EXAMPLE 241 Synthesis of Compound 291

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione(1) (1.04 g, 3.55 mmol) and silica gel (500 mg) in a 50 mL plastic tubethere was added Deoxy-Fluor (20 mL, 50% in Toluene) slowly. Heat wasgenerated at the beginning, and the addition of Deoxy-Fluor was stoppedfor 5 min before the rest of the reagent was added. The tube was capped,and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Water wasadded slowly, the solution was cooled to room temperature. Upon removalof Toluene, the residue was purified by flash chromatography to give6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (2)(120.0 mg, 11%). LC-MS t_(R)=2.00 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 315 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

According to similar synthesis for compound 250,6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro [cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (2)(120.0 mg, 0.38 mmol) was converted to compound 5 (88.0 mg, 58% 3steps). Compound 3: LC-MS t_(R)=1.96 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 339 [M+H]⁺; Compound 4: LC-MS t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 385 [M+H]⁺; Compound 5: LC-MS t_(R)=1.78min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 399 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a 10 mL CEM tube there was charged compound 5 (35.8 mg, 0.09 mmol),PdCl₂(pph₃)₂ (3.0 mg), Cs₂CO₃ (87 mg. 0.27 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) andwater (0.2 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120°C. for 60 min. The solution was filtered, solvent was removed in vacuum,and the residue was purified with HPLC to give compound 6 (30.7 mg,81%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.76 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 291

The above compound 6 (30.7 mg, 0.07 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane(1 mL) and transferred to a 10 mL CEM tube. Lawesson's reagent (29.5 mg,0.07 mmol) was added to the tube, and the resulting mixture was heatedin a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 90 min, then 130° C. for 60min. Solvent was removed and the residue was purified with flashchromatography (0 to 60% EtOAc/Hexane) to give thio-hydantoin 7 (24.0mg, 78%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.92 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438[M+H]⁺.

To a solution of thio-hydantoin 7 (24.0 mg, 0.05 mmol) in NH₃-MeOH (7 Nin MeOH, 3 mL) there was added t-butyl hydroperoxide (˜5.5 N in nonane,0.5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Upon removal of solvent, the residue was purified by HPLC togive compound 291 (5.7 mg, 21%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.02(s, 1H), 7.96 (m, 1H), 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 3.24(m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.20-1.84 (m, 5H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 1H).¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −93.78 (d, J=237 Hz), −105.68 (d,J=237 Hz).

EXAMPLE 242 Synthesis of Compound 292

According to the similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 1 (14 mg,0.035 mmol) afforded compound 292 (3.8 mg, 21%) as a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=1.33 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (dd, J=0.8, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=0.8 Hz,1H), 7.34 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.20-1.80 (m,5H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.48 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4,−94.35 (d, J=237 Hz), −105.68 (d, J=237 Hz).

EXAMPLE 243 Synthesis of Compound 293

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A 10 mL CEM microwave tube was charged with compound 1 (107 mg, 0.27mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (6.1 mg, 10 mol %), (o-Tol)₃p (16.4 mg, 20 mol %) andK₂CO₃ (75 mg, 0.54 mmol). The mixture was degassed then protected withN₂. In a separated tube, ethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was degassed at−78° C., then warmed to room temperature. After degassing, excessethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was added to the microwave tube withother reagents, and the resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwavereactor at 120° C. for 180 min. The mixture was filtered, and purifiedby flash chromatography (0 to 60% EtOAx/Hexane) to give compound 2 (28.9mg, 11%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.82 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 385[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 293

According to the similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 2 (28.9 mg,0.075 mmol) afforded compound 293 (9.0 mg, 75%) as a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s,3H), 2.16-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.64(m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −94.29 (d, J=237 Hz),−105.69 (d, J=237 Hz).

EXAMPLE 244 Synthesis of Compounds 294 and 295

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a well-stirred solution of fuming nitric acid (40 mL) was added urea(0.2 g, 3.3 mmol) at room temperature. The solution was cooled to −15°C. and was stirred for 30 min. Compound 1 (10.0 g, 62.5 mmol) was addedto the above solution slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at −15°C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was poured into ice (50.0 g) andfiltered to collect the solid and dried in vacuo to give compound 2(10.2 g, 80%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.51 (d, J=2.0Hz, 1H), 8.47 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (s,2H), 1.48 (s, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of SnCl₂ (44.9 g, 199 mmol) in concentrated HCl (30 mL)was added a solution of compound 2 (10.2 g, 49.8 mmol) in 95% ethanol(10 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The mixture was treated with 50% aqueous NaOH (100 mL) toform yellow solid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filtercake was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) and then was filtered, and thefiltrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 3 (8.0g, 92%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (4.5 g, 25.7 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) and 40%HBr (10 mL) was cooled to −5° C.˜0° C. Then to the above mixture wasadded a solution of NaNO₂ (2.13 g, 30.9 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL) slowlywhile keeping temperature between −5° C.˜0° C. After addition, themixture was stirred at −5° C.˜0° C. for 1 h. Then the resultingdiazonium salt solution was added at 0° C. via a pipette to a mixture ofCuBr (4.38 g, 30.9 mmol) in 40% aqueous HBr solution (20 mL) at 95° C.and the mixture was heated to reflux and was stirred for 15 min. Aftercooling down, the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate(100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the crude compound 4, which was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=100:1) togive compound 4 (3.3 g, 54%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

Compound 4 (3.0 g, 12.6 mol) was dissolved in dry toluene (400 mL) andwas heated at 100° C. under N₂. Benzyltrimethylammoniumhydroxide (3 mL,0.92 g/mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 100° C. and wasstirred at 100° C. for 30 min. Methylacrylate (40 mL, 0.954 g/mL) wasadded dropwise to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture wasrefluxed at 100° C. overnight. TLC (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1)showed compound 4 was consumed. The reaction mixture was poured intowater (600 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL×3). The combinedorganic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to givethe crude compound 5 (4.0 g), which was purified by columnchromatography (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=10:1) to give purecompound 5 (1.7 g, 33%) as a red oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 5 (1.7 g, 4.24 mmol) in dry toluene (100 mL) wasadded NaH (0.7 g, 16.97 mmol) slowly under N₂. The resulting mixture washeated at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was added dropwise towater (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). The combined organiclayer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crudecompound 6 (1.1 g, crude), which was used in next step directly.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

Compound 6 (1.1 g, 2.94 mmol) was dissolved in CH₃OH (20 mL) andNaOH/H₂O (26 mL, 0.77 mol/L). The resulting mixture was heated at refluxfor 4 h. TLC (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) showed compound 6 wasconsumed. CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was added. The separated organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 7 (970 mg,92%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=1.2 Hz, 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m,4H), 1.18 (s, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

Compound 7 (700 mg, 2.18 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (70 mL)and was cooled to −78° C. NaBH₄ (24.8 mg, 0.66 mmol) was added dropwiseto the reaction mixture at −78° C. No more than 5 min, TLC (petroleumether:ethyl acetate=1:1) showed compound 7 was consumed. CH₃OH (10 mL)and EtOAc (20 mL) was added and allowed to warm to room temperature.Water (50 mL) was added and concentrated in vacuo to remove THF andCH₃OH. EtOAc (30 mL×3) was added again to dissolve the residue. Theorganic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuoto give the crude compound 8 (650 mg, 90% crude yield), which was usedin next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

Compound 8 (650 mg, 1.89 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL)and was cooled to 0° C. NaH (379 mg, 9.47 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture at 0° C. slowly. After being stirred for 15 min, MeI(7.27 g, 37.89 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C.The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and stirred at roomtemperature overnight. TLC (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) showedcompound 8 was consumed. Ethyl acetate (150 mL) and water (100 mL) wasadded. The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo, which was purified by column chromatography onsilica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) to give pure compound 9(300 mg, 44% for the two steps) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400MHz): δ 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz 1H),3.29 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 1.83 (m, 4H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H),1.13 (s, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (5mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.6 mL, 0.6 mmol, 1M in CH₂Cl₂). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 1 h. To the resulting mixture was addedbis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (122 mg, 0.65 mmol). The resultingmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixturewas poured into ice-water, extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL). The combinedorganic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuoto give compound 10 (140 mg, 80%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 11

In a 30 mL steel autoclave was added compound 10 (140 mg, 0.39 mmol),KCN (100 mg, 1.56 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (373 mg, 3.93 mmol). To this solidmixture was added EtOH (5 mL) and H₂O (5 mL). The steel autoclave washeated and stirred at 70° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was pouredinto ice-water, filtered to collect the solid and dried in vacuo to givecompound 11 (44 mg, 29%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 12

To a solution of compound 11 (44 mg, 0.073 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (20 mg, 0.146 mmol) and MeI (9 mg, 0.066 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 3 h. The solution was filtered, and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1) togive compound 12 (17 mg, 40%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 13

A mixture of compound 12 (17 mg, 0.04 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (16 mg,0.04 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1) to give the compound 13 (8 mg,45%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 294

To a solution of compound 13 (8 mg, 0.02 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (2mL) and NH₄OH (4 mL) was added t-BuOOH (0.3 mL, 0.37 mmol, 65% inwater). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, andconcentrated. Water (15 mL) and was added and the mixture was extractedwith EtOAc (10 mL×3), and the combined organic layer was dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by HPLCto give the compound 294 (1.8 mg, 23%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=0.977 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=419 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.58 (dd, J=2.0, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 2.05(m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 0.91(m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 295

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (8 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treatedsequentially with compound 294 (40 mg, 0.06 mmol), in 1,4-dioxane (3mL), and compound 1A (20 mg, 0.12 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.84 mL). Themixture was stirred at 120° C. 15 min under N₂ in CEM microwave reactor.The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1)and by HPLC (0.1% TFA as additive) to give compound 295 (8 mg, 24%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.076 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=442, 443 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (d, 1H), 7.92 (dd,1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.60 (t, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.45 (d,1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.02 (m, 3H), 1.78 (m,2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 0.96 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 245 Synthesis of Compound 296

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1 (1.5 g, 5.1mmol), KCN (0.7 g, 10.7 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (4.0 g, 41.7 mmol).Formamide (60 mL) was added to the tube. The mixture was heated at 120°C. for 72 h, and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured intoice-water (200 ml). After acidification with concentrated aqueous HClsolution (10 mL), the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4×100mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL).The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel(petroleum ether: EtOAc=5:1 to 1:1) to give compound 2 (0.78 g, 41%) aspale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.83 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 365.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.27 (s, 1H),7.20-7.25 (dd, J=1.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.20 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz),7.05-7.15 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 6.05 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.10(m, 2H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.45 (m, 6H),0.75-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 2 (0.15 g, 0.41mmol), 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodo-ethane (0.30 g, 1.4 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.30g, 5.2 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2 h ina CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was then cooled and pouredinto brine (40 ml). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×20 mL). Theseparated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo,the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=50:1 to 2:1) to give compound 3 (0.12 g, 68%)as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.11 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 447.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was chargedwith a mixture of compound 3 (0.12 g, 0.22 mmol), Lawesson's reagent(0.48 g, 1.2 mmol) in toluene (30 mL). The reaction mixture was heatedto 130° C. for 4 h. After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered offand washed with ethyl acetate (2×40 mL). The filtrate and the washingwere concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: EtOAc, 50:1 to 2:1) togive compound 4 with 80% purity (30 mg, 30%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 296

To a solution of compound 4 (15 mg, 0.032 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was addedNH₃—H₂O (0.5 ml) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.10 g, 1.1 mol). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified bypreparative RP-HPLC to give compound 296 (6.4 mg, 31%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.75 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 446.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.30-7.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.22 (s, 1H), 4.58-4.70 (m, 1H),4.45-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.15 (m,1H), 1.95-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.40(m, 2H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 246 Synthesis of Compound 297

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of 2-formylthiazole (0.30 g, 2.65 mmol) and methanol (30mL) was added sodium borohydride (0.20 g, 5.30 mmol) at 0° C., theresulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. Water (1mL) was added to this reaction mixture to quench the reaction. Thesolvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. H₂O (30 mL) was added andthe mixture was adjusted to pH=7-8 by addition of 1 N HCl. The mixturewas extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 10% ethanol) (3×30 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (2×30 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 6 (0.30 g,100% crude yield) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.65-7.70(d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.89-4.96 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was added SOCl₂ (0.34 g,2.86 mmol) via a syringe at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and then allowed to warmto ambient temperature overnight. Saturated NaHCO₃ (15 mL) was added andthe mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for another 10 min. Afterstirring, the mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuoto give crude compound 7 (0.26 g, 74% crude yield) as a red oil, whichwas used for the next step without purification. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400MHz): δ 7.75-7.85 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H),4.90-4.95 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 297

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (0.10 g, 0.23 mmol) was alkylated with compound 7 (50 mg,0.37 mmol) in the presence of K₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.72 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) togive compound 8 (0.12 g, 95%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.99 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 462.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400MHz): δ 7.55-7.85 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.40 (m, 2H,), 7.20-7.30 (m,2H), 5.70-5.75 (s, 1H), 5.00-5.10 (s, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.22(m, 1H), 3.10-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H). 2.05-2.15 (m. 1H),1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.85 (m,2H).

Compound 8 (0.12 g, 0.26 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent(0.25 g, 0.62 mmol) to give compound 9 with 74% purity (30 mg, 25%) as ayellow solid, which was used for the next step directly withoutpurification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.23 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 478 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 9 (30 mg, 0.063 mmol) was converted to compound 297(12 mg, 34%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.70 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 461.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.78-7.82 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.70 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.40 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (s. 1H), 5.27-5.35(d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 5.20-5.27 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H),3.15-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H). 2.00-2.10 (m.2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 5H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 1H), 0.85-0.95(m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 247 Synthesis of Compound 298

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2B

To a solution of 2A (200 mg, 1.8 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) wasadded SOCl₂ (428 mg, 3.6 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0°C. for 10 min, then was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight.The reaction was quenched by addition of aq. sat. NaHCO₃ (10 mL), thenwas extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to givecompound 2B (100 mg, 43%) as a yellow solid, which was used in the nextstep without further purification. ¹H NMR: (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): 9.21 (d,J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 5.05 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 298

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (200 mg, 0.54 mmol) was alkylated with compound 2B (77.3mg, 0.60 mmol) to give compound 10 (100 mg, 40%) as a yellow solid.which was used in the next step without further purification; LCMS:t_(R)=1.239 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 457.2 [M+H]

Compound 10 (15 mg, 0.032 mmol) was reacted wtih Lawesson's reagent(13.2 mg, 0.032 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere to afford compound 11(10 mg, 64%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.313 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 473.1 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 11 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) was converted tocompound 298 (1 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.750 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 456.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ9.16 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),7.24 (s, 1H), 5.18 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.21 (m, 1H),3.09 (s, 2H), 2.05-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 1H),1.64-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.36-1.28 (m, 1H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.7 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 248 Synthesis of Compound 299

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 19

To a stirred 0° C. solution of compound 17 (2.00 g, 36.30 mmol), Et₃N(3.70 g, 36.30 mmol) and DMAP (85 mg, 7.80 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) underArgon was added dropwise slowly a solution of compound 18 (5.50 g, 36.30mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (12 mL). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Thetemperature was allowed to rise to room temperature. The reaction wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuoto give crude product, which was purified by silica gel withhexane:ethyl acetate (4:1) to give compound 19 (4.10 g, 67%) as a yellowoil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s,1H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 3.56-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.25 (m, 3H), 3.07-3.00 (m,1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 20

To a stirred solution of compound 19 (2.40 g, 14.2 mmol) in CH₃CN (40mL) under Argon was added AuCl₃ (432 mg, 1.42 mmol) at room temperature.The reaction was heated to reflux overnight. The solvent was removed invacuo to give crude product, which was purified by silica gel withhexane/ethyl acetate (10:1 to 5:1) to give compound 20 (1.00 g, 42%) asa ye llow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m,2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.20 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 21

To a solution of compound 20 (0.60 g, 3.72 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30mL) was added DIBAL-H (4.5 mL, 4.5 mmol, 1 M in toluene) at 0° C. undernitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4 h, and then was warmedto ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. again,and then was quenched by adding H₂O (0.18 mL), 15% NaOH aq. (0.18 mL)and H₂O (0.45 mL). The mixture was warmed to ambient temperature, thenMgSO₄ (5 g) and EtOAc (30 mL) were added with stirring. After stirringat ambient temperature for 15 min, the precipitate was filtered off andwas washed with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organic fractions wereconcentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 21 (0.17 g, 36% crudeyield) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step withoutpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

To a solution of compound 21 (0.16 g, 1.26 mmol, crude) and Et₃N (0.30g, 2.96 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added MsCl (0.22 g, 1.89mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen with stirring. The mixture was stirred at0° C. for 1 h, and then was warmed to ambient temperature overnight. Themixture was cooled to 0° C. again, and then H₂O (20 mL) and EtOAc (20mL) were added with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 14 (0.17 g, 66% crudeyield) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step withoutpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 299

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) was alylated with compound 14 to givecompound 15 (70 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.897 min in 3min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=474 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.24 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.6, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 5.23 (m, 1H),3.80 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.05 (m, 5H), 2.14 (s, 3H),1.85-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.35 (m, 6H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.71(m, 2H).

Compound 15 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagentto give compound 16 (22 mg, 30%, 42% purity) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.434 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=490 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 16 (22 mg, 0.018 mmol, 42% purity) was converted tocompound 299 (4.6 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.563 min in 3min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=473 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.13 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.53(d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.01 (m, 3H),2.98 (s, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.05-1.50 (m,6H), 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 249 Synthesis of Compound 300

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (0.10 g, 0.27 mmol) was alkylated with2-chloromethyl-oxazole (2A) (0.032 g, 0.27 mmol) to give compound 3(0.056 g, 69%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.770 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 446 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.51(s, 1H), 7.24 (dt, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.37(s, 1H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=15.6, 1H),2.01 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.60 (m, 6H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m,2H).

Compound 3 (65 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent(70 mg, 0.17 mmol) to give compound 4 (30 mg, 43%) as a pale yellowsolid, which was converted compound 300 (9.9 mg, 34%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.509 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 445 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d,J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H),3.15 (m, 1H), 3.11 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m,2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.89 (m, 2H), 0.71(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 250 Synthesis of Compound 301

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (350 mg, 0.923 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (382 mg, 2.77 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, compound1A (169 mg, 1.1 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 5 h, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed.The reaction mixture was poured into water (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc(2×20 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by preparativeTLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 2 (233 mg, 56%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A solution of compound 2 (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (197mg, 0.487 mmol) in dry toluene (20 mL) was heated to reflux for 5 hunder N₂ atmosphere. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, themixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=2:1) to givecompound 3 (180 mg, 87%) as a white solid.

Preparation of Compound 301

A mixture of compound 3 (180 mg, 0.385 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide(1.07 g of a 65% solution in water, 7.7 mmol) in NH₄OH/MeOH (4/20 mL)was stirred overnight at room temperature, LCMS showed that the reactionwas completed. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure todryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC(petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) afforded compound 301 (130 mg, 75%) andone part was further purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 301(5.5 mg delivered) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.002 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 450.1 & 452.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400MHz): δ 7.40-7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.11-7.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.90 (tt, 1H),3.46-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 6H), 3.12-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.05(s, 2H), 1.96-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.65 (m, 1H),1.24-1.44 (m, 7H).

EXAMPLE 251 Synthesis of Compound 302

To a solution of compound 301 (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wasadded PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3 mg) and CuCN (60 mg, 0.67 mmol) under N₂atmosphere, the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ forthree times. The reaction was heated to 180° C. for 30 min in microwave.LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=15:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 302 (3.0 mg,11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.932 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 397.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.64-7.66 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.35 (d, J=20.4 Hz, 1H),4.27-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.90 (tt, 1H), 3.46-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.38 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 6H), 3.13-3.17 (m, 3H), 1.96-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.92 (m, 1H),1.62-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.40 (m, 7H).

EXAMPLE 252 Synthesis of Compound 303

A solution containing compound 301 (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) and compound 1B(47 mg, 0.133 mmol) in toluene (4 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling astream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then,PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placedinto CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 30 min. Afterbeing cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned betweenEtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 303(1.7 mg, 5.8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.947 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 436.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.19-7.27 (q, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.91 (tt, 1H),3.46-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.38 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 6H), 3.13-3.19 (m, 3H),1.83-2.09 (m, 3H), 1.54-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.49 (m, 8H), 0.84-0.93 (m,2H), 0.65-0.78 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 253 Synthesis of Compound 304

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (65 mg, 0.18 mmol) was alkylated with 3-Bromo-propionicacid methyl ester (36 mg, 0.22 mmol) to give compound 11 (56 mg, 69%) asa white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.809 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=451 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=10.4Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.71 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s,3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=21.2 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=9.2Hz, 2H), 1.70-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 6H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.70 (m,2H).

Compound 11 (56 mg, 0.11 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent(60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) under nitrogen to givecompound 12 (25 mg, 59%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.931 min in 3min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=467 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 12 (25 mg, 0.054 mmol) was converted to compound 304(10.4 mg, 44%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.421 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=435 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.24(s, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 3.80 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m,2H), 2.97 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H),1.84 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 254 Synthesis of Compound 305

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 305b

To a solution of compound 305a (100 mg, 0.88 mol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂(50 mL) was added SOCl₂ (130 mg, 1.2 mol). The resulting suspension wasstirred at 15° C. for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford thecrude compound 305b (95 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil, which was used in nextstep without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 305

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (70 mg, 0.19 mmol) was alkylated with compound 38 (28 mg,0.2 mmol) to give compound 39 (70 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Compound 39 (40 mg, 0.9 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (40mg, 1.0 mmol) to give compound 39A (18 mg, 45%) as a white solid, whichwas converted to compound 305 (2.20 mg, yield 15%) as a white solid.LCMS: t_(R)=1.005 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=460.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.10 (s, 1H),5.00-5.05 (s, 2H), 3.30-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.10 (m,2H), 2.55-2.60 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.75(m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 255 Synthesis of Compound 306

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) was alkylated with5-Chloromethylpyrimidine (306A) (38 mg, 0.30 mmol) to give compound 306a(95 mg, 77%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.130 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 457 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 306a (90 mg, 0.20 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'sreagent (120 mg, 0.30 mmol) to give compound 306b (24 mg, 25%) as awhite solid, which was converted to compound 306 (6.0 mg, 26%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.639 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 456 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 2H),7.21 (m, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 3H),1.85-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.60 (m, 6H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.70(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 256 Synthesis of Compound 307

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (120 mg, 0.33 mmol) was alkylated with compound 1A (50mg, 0.40 mmol) to give compound 2A (70 mg, 51%) as a white solid.

Compound 2A (30 mg, 0.073 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent(33 mg, 0.080 mmol) to give compound 3 (15 mg, 48%), which was convertedto compound 307 (7.9 mg, 38%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.014 min in2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz):δ 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.07 (m, 2H),3.37 (s, 3H), 3.19 (m, 3H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.90 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 1.40(m, 6H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ −76.97.

EXAMPLE 267 Synthesis of Compound 308

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 308a

To a solution of compound 308A (1.0 g, 13.3 mmol) and Et₃N (4.0 g, 40mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was added MsCl (3.2 g, 28 mmol) slowly. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. H₂O (100 mL) was addedand the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×50 mL). The organic layerswere concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 308a (2.0 g, 60%)as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 308

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 describedin Example 245 (70 mg, 0.19 mmol) was alkylated with compound 308a (46mg, 0.19 mmol) to give compound 308b (93 mg, 80%) as a colorless oil.

Compound 308b (90 mg, 0.17 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (75mg, 0.18 mmol) in dry toluene (4 mL) to give compound 19 (31 mg, 30%) asa colorless oil, which was converted compound 308 (15 mg, 50%) as awhite solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.00 in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=499.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.05(s, 1H), 3.80-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 1H),3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.80-2.90 (s, 6H), 2.00-2.10 (m,1H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.55 (m, 6H), 0.80-0.90(m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 258 Synthesis of Compound 309

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (500 mg, 1.3 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (550 mg, 4 mmol). After stirring for 5 min,1-bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (185 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The precipitate was filteredoff, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, whichwas purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 2 (400 mg, 80%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol),tributyl-cyclopropylethynyl-stannane (420 mg, 1.2 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂(16 mg, 0.03 mmol) in dry toluene (2.5 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuoand the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleumether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 3 (50 mg, 50%) as a yellowoil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A suspension of compound 3 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (50mg, 0.13 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 35 min ina CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent: petroleumether/ethyl acetate=1/1) to give compound 4 (20 mg, 40%) as a colorlessoil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 309

A solution of compound 4 (20 mg, 0.045 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O(0.5 mL) in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. Then, themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 309 (16 mg, 80%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.020 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=422.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.00(s, 1H), 3.70-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H),3.00-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m,1H), 1.20-1.55 (m, 5H), 0.80-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 259 Synthesis of Compound 310

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A suspension of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol), CuCN (41 mg, 0.46 mmol)and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (25 mg, 0.03 mmol) in dry DMF (2 mL) was heated under 180°C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentratedin vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 5 (56 mg, 60%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A suspension of compound 5 (55 mg, 0.14 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (60mg, 0.15 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 35 minin a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo andthe residue was purified by column (eluent: petroleum ether/ethylacetate=2/1) to give compound 6 (33 mg, 60%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 310

A solution of compound 6 (33 mg, 0.08 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O(0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. Then, themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 310 as a white solid (24mg, 60%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.450 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=383.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.60-7.65 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),7.45-7.50 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.80 (m, 2H),3.50-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.10 (m,2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 260 Synthesis of Compound 311

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

A suspension of compound 2 (60 mg, 0.14 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (60mg, 0.15 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 35 minin a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo andthe residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 7 (24 mg, 40%) as acolorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

A solution of compound 7 (24 mg, 0.05 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O(0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. Then, themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 8 (17 mg, 55%) as white asolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 311

A suspension of compound 8 (17 mg, 0.04 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid(4 mg, 0.05 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃) (3 mg, 0.004 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min inCEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 311 (15 mg,80%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.010 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.90-8.05 (m, 2H),7.55-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.85-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.60 (m,2H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.10-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.00(m, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 261 Synthesis of Compound 312

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 312b

To a solution of (3-amino-phenyl)-methanol (0.20 g, 1.414 mmol) and Et₃N(0.50 g, 4.94 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was added Methane sulfonylchloride (0.50 g, 4.36 mmol) via a syringe slowly with stirring. Afteraddition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperatureovernight. The reaction was quenched by addition 20 mL saturated NaHCO₃with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith saturated brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 312b (0.40 g, 100%) asa brown oil, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 312

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 312c (50 mg,0.14 mmol) was alkylated with methanesulfonic acid3-methanesulfonylamino-benzyl ester (58 mg, 0.21 mmol) at the presenceof Cs₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.31 mmol) to give compound 312d (40 mg, 52%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.894 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 520 [M-31]⁺, 552 [M+H]⁺, 574 [M+23]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.77(s, 1H), 7.40, (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H),6.65 (s, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.16 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.09(m, 5H), 2.66 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 7H),0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Compound 312d (40 mg, 0.073 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'sreagent (40 mg, 0.099 mmol) in anhydrous Toluene (1 mL) to give compound312e (19 mg, 42%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.230 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 568 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 312e (19 mg, 0.030 mmol) was reacted with NH₃-EtOH (1mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (100 mg, 1.11 mmol) to give compound312 (16.7 mg, 92%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.424 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 551 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.33,(m, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s,2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.10 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d,J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.69 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H),1.85 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m,2H), 0.03 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 262 Synthesis of Compound 313

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 313a (50 mg,0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 1A (35 mg, 0.15 mmol) to givecompound 313b (28 mg, 47%), which was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent(30.9 mg, 0.077 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2.5 mL) to give compound313c (21 mg, 70%).

Compound 313c (21 mg, 0.046 mmol) was then reacted with t-BuOOH (127.9mg, 0.92 mmol) in NH₄OH (1 mL) and EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 313(2.8 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.018 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 439.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.259 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 7.087 (s, 1H), 4.130 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.352(m, 5H), 3.173 (m, 3H), 2.940 (s, 6H), 2.711 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.083(m, 2H), 1.874 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 1.447 (s, 6H), 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.68 (s,1H), 0.42 (s, 2H), 0.02 (s, 2H).

EXAMPLE 263 Synthesis of Compound 314

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 314a (50 mg,0.14 mmol) was alkylated with 2-chloromethyl oxazole (25 mg, 0.21 mmol)to give compound 314b (40 mg, 63%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.038min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=450 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 314b (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'sreagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) to give compound 314c (30 mg, 59%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.214 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=466[M+H]⁺.

Compound 314c (30 mg, 0.064 mmol) was then reacted with NH₃-EtOH (1 mL)and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (200 mg, 2.22 mmol) to give compound 314(20.6 mg, 72%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.383 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=449 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.88(s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),4.89 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.09 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.05(d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m,1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 264 Synthesis of Compound 315

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1 (50 mg,0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 315A (26.5 mg, 0.14 mmol) to givecompound 315a (26 mg, 41%).

Compound 315a (26 mg, 0.038 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'reagent(18.3 mg, 0.045 mmol) to give compound 315b (20 mg, 75%), which wasconverted to compound 315 (11.2 mg, 58%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.223 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=483 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.80 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53(t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H),5.13 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.50 (m, 6H), 1.33 (m, 1H), 0.69(m, 1H), 0.39 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 265 Synthesis of Compound 316

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 316a

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 (0.20 g,0.55 mmol) was alkylated with tert-butyl 3-bromopropanoate to givecompound 316a (0.20 g, 72%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ7.29 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 5.45 (s,1H), 3.73 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.16 (d, J=16.2 Hz, 1H), 3.07(m, 1H), 3.01 (d, J=15.3 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.70-2.10 (m,3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.35 (m, 6H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 2H).

Compound 316a (0.19 g, 0.39 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson;sReagent to give compound 316b (60 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.346 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=453 [M-56]⁺, 531[M+Na]⁺.

Compound 316b (60 g, 0.12 mmol) was then converted to compound 316c (20mg, 34%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.716 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=492 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 316

A flask was charged with EtOAc (5 mL), the flask was immersed intoice-water for 5 min, and then dried HCl gas was bubbled into the flaskat 0° C. for 5 min. After that, compound 316c (18 mg, 0.037 mmol) wasadded and the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperatureovernight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC (TFA as buffer) to give theproduct as a white solid with 90% purity, which was re-purified bypreparative HPLC (TFA as buffer) to give pure compound 316 (4.5 mg, 23%)as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.475 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=436 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.33 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H),7.28 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.94 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s,3H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H),1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 266 Synthesis of Compound 317

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317b

To a solution of compound 317a (500 mg, 4.4 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (10mL) was added NaH (318.5 mg, 13.2 mmol) and MeI (1.29 g, 8.8 mmol). Theresulting suspension was stirred at 50° C. for 1 h in a CEM microwavereactor. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted withEtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 317b (200 mg,32%) as a yellow liquid which was used in the next step without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.84(s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317c

To a solution of compound 317b (200 mg, 1.41 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) wasadded NaBH₄ (214 mg, 5.67 mmol) under nitrogen, the reaction mixture washeated at reflux overnight. After cooling, water (2 mL) was added andthe mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL x3). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give compound 317c (50 mg, 28%) as a white solid whichwas used in the next step without further purification. H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317d

To a solution of compound 317c (50 mg, 0.44 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wasadded SOCl₂ (58 mg, 0.48 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the mixture waswarmed to ambient temperature and was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction was quenched with NaHCO₃ (5 mL), extracted withCH₂Cl₂ (5 mL×3), washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give compound 317d (46 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil whichwas used in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317e

To a solution of compound 1 (20 mg, 0.052 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was addedCs₂CO₃ (68 mg, 0.21 mmol) and compound 317d (27.6 mg, 0.21 mmol), thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixturewas filtered, and the filtrate was extracted with EA (10 mL×3), washedwith brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give the crudeproduct which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withhexane:EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 317e (10 mg, 33%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.153 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=571.3[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317

A solution of compound 317e (10 mg, 0.017 mmol), NH₄I (25 mg, 0.17 mmol)in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactorfor 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, andthe residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and by preparative HPLC to give compound317 (3.0 mg, 37%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.004 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.32 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0, Hz, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H),3.91-3.88 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.12 (s, 2H),2.03-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.32 (m,3H), 1.30-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.91-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.60 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 267 Synthesis of Compound 318

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 318b

To a solution of compound 318a (200 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) wasadded MsCl (286 mg, 2.50 mmol) and Et₃N (689 mg, 6.81 mmol) at 0° C.,the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added andextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give compound 318b as a yellow oil (160 mg, 42%),which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 318

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (200 mg,0.53 mmol) was alkylated with compound 318b (262 mg, 1.29 mmol) in thepresence of Cs₂CO₃ (511 mg, 1.59 mmol) to give compound 318c (200 mg,73%) as a white solid.

Compound 318c (200 mg, 0.38 mmol) was then converted to compound 318 (50mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.959 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 434 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23(m, 2H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 4.90 (m, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 3.86(m, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.36(m, 1H), 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.33 (m, 5H), 1.22 (m, 1H), 0.76 (m, 2H), 0.57(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 268 Synthesis of Compound 319

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (150 mg,0.38 mmol) was alkylated with compound 319A (190 mg, 1.14 mmol) to givecompound 319a (151 mg, 74%) as a white solid. Compound 319a (100 mg,0.18 mmol) was reacted with NH₄I (217 mg, 1.49 mmol) in a solution ofNH₃/EtOH (3 mL, 0.5 N) to give compound 319b (50 mg, 59%) as a whitesolid.

Compound 319b (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ wastreated sequentially with compound 319B (12.6 mg, 0.08 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.06 mL, 0.12 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5mg). The mixture was heated at 120° C. at N₂ under microwave for 15 min.The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and HPLC (TFAbuffer) to give compound 319 (3.0 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.930 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 465 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.57 (m, 1H), 8.35 (m, 1H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.65 (m,1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 4.92 (m, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H), 4.46 (m,1H), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m,1H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 1.98 (m, 3H), 1.39 (m, 4H), 1.23 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR(CD₃OD 19F): δ −128.25.

EXAMPLE 269 Synthesis of Compound 320

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.076 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 320a (79.8 mg, 0.315 mmol) togive compound 320b (20 mg, 45%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.003 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=563.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 320b (20 mg, 0.035 mmol) was then converted to compound 320(2.0 mg, 13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.918 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=455.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ8.54 (s, 1H), 8.50-8.49 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.75 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),7.46-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.01-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.79 (s, 2H),3.34 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.10-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.70 (m, 1H),1.65-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.41 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.92-0.82 (m,2H), 0.75-0.65 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 270 Synthesis of Compound 321

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.079 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromo-butane (60 mg, 0.44 mmol) inDMF (2 mL) to give compound 321a (38 mg, 97%) as a white solid, whichwas used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.002 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=493 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 321a (38 mg, 0.077 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (100 mg,0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 321 (3.7 mg, 12%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.621 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=420 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (m, 2H), 6.79 (s, 1H),3.85 (m, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.99 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.95(d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.45(m, 8H), 0.82 (m, 5H), 0.61 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 271 Synthesis of Compound 322

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.079 mmol) was dialkylated to give compound 322a (33 mg, 89%) as a paleyellow solid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.862min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 322a (33 mg, 0.071 mmol) was then converted to compound 322(14.3 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.561 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=406 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.26(m, 2H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 3.52 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m,2H), 3.07 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 3H),1.25-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.95 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.87 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 272 Synthesis of Compound 323

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.079 mmol) was dialkylated to give compound 323a (38 mg, 97%) as awhite solid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.010min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=493 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 323a (38 mg, 0.077 mmol) was converted to compound 323 (14.3mg, 44%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.620 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=420 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.16(m, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 3.45 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m,2H), 2.97 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H),1.55 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.40 (m, 7H), 0.88 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.79 (m, 2H),0.63 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 273 Synthesis of Compound 324

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.080 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 324A (35 mg, 0.17 mmol) in thepresence of K₂CO₃ (54 mg, 0.40 mmol), to give compound 324a (42 mg, 74%)as a white solid.

Compound 324a (42 mg, 0.058 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (84 mg,0.58 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 324 (3.3 mg, 11%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.127 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 537.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.94 (m, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H),7.67 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 4.90 (m, 2H),3.32 (m, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 5H),1.32 (m, 1H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.072 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 274 Synthesis of Compound 325

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (0.030 g,0.079 mmol) was dialkylated with (2-Bromo-ethyl)-dimethyl-aminehydrobromide salt (0.25 g, 1.07 mmol) to give compound 325a (15 mg, 10%)as a yellow oil.

Compound 325a (15 mg, 0.029 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (50 mg,0.35 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) to give compound 325 (5.0 mg, 40%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.275 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS(ESI) m/z=435 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz,1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 3.64 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.26(s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.55 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s,6H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 5H), 0.80(m, 2H), 0.63 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 275 Synthesis of Compound 326

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated compound 326A (70 mg, 0.13 mmol) to givecompound 326a (34 mg, 45%) as a white solid.

Compound 326a (54 mg, 0.09 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (137 mg,0.94 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 326 (3.3 mg, 8%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.061 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z460.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 4.01(m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.68 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 3H), 1.42(m, 6H), 0.89 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −77.05,−66.31.

EXAMPLE 276 Synthesis of Compound 327

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

To a solution of compound 327a (500 mg, 3.47 mmol) in anhydrous CCl₄ (10mL) was added 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (694 mg,2.42 mmol) and Bz₂O (92 mg, 0.38 mmol). The resulting suspension washeated at reflux for 12 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad ofcelite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to givethe crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica geleluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 327b (50 mg, 6%) as ayellow liquid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.07-8.01 (m,2H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 2H), 4.72 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 327

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.076 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-(bromomethyl)quinoxaline (327b) togive compound 327c (20 mg, 38%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.418min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 665.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 327c (20 mg, 0.03 mmol) was then converted to compound 327(2.20 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.935 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 506.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.85-8.80 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.41 (s,1H), 7.29-7.25 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),5.40-5.30 (d, J=19.6 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.30 (d, J=19.6 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (s,3H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.95 (d, J=19.6 Hz, 1H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H),1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.10 (m,1H), 0.91-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.61 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 277 Synthesis of Compound 328

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 328b

To a solution of compound 328a (200 mg, 1.32 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) wasadded MsCl (226 mg, 1.97 mmol) and Et₃N (266 mg, 2.63 mmol) at 0° C.,the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added andextracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give compound 328b (350 mg, crude) as a yellow oil,which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 328

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (60 mg,0.16 mmol) was diaklylated with compound 328b (181 mg, 0.79 mmol), togive compound 328c (100 mg, 98%).

Compound 328c (125 mg, 0.19 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (280 mg,1.93 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (3 mL) to give compound 328 (15.0 mg, 16%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.128 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=498.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40 (m, 6H), 7.31 (m, 1H),7.08 (s, 1H), 4.53 (m, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H),3.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 3H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 2H), 1.68(m, 1H), 1.34 (m, 6H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 278 Synthesis of Compound 329

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with 1-bromo-3-methoxy-propane (329a) (35mg, 0.23 mmol) to give compound 329b (25 mg, 61%) as a white solid.

Compound 329b (25 mg, 0.048 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (100 mg,0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 329 (18.3 mg, 87%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.604 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=440 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 3.59 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=6.4Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.09 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (d,J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.80-2.10 (m, 5H),1.61 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 279 Synthesis of Compound 330

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 3-chloromethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidine(330a) (52 mg, 0.39 mmol) to give compound 330b (40 mg, 53%) as a paleyellow sticky oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.166 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 575 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 330b (40 mg, 0.070 mmol) was then converted to compound 330(10.0 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.298 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 461 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.21 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.16(m, 2H), 3.07 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (m, 4H), 2.35 (m, 4H), 1.75-2.10(m, 4H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 6H), 0.87(m, 2H), 0.69 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 280 Synthesis of Compound 331

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (100 mg,0.25 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (166 mg, 1.02 mmol) to givecompound 2 (100 mg, 70%).

Compound 2 (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (257.5 mg,1.78 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 2 mL) to give compound 331 (25.1 mg, 31%)as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.953 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 462 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.42 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H),3.70-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.11-1.86 (m, 6H), 1.62(m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.32 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 281 Synthesis of Compound 332

To a solution of compound 331 (25 mg, 0.054 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded CuCN (10 mg, 0.108 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (6 mg, 0.005 mmol) underN₂. The reaction mixture was heated at 180° C. for 40 min in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (30 mL), the combined organic layers wereconcentrated under reduced pressure and purified by HPLC (0.1% TFA asbuffer) to give compound 332 (5.7 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=0.892 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=409 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15(m, 3H), 2.11-1.86 (m, 6H), 1.62 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.32 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 282 Synthesis of Compounds 333, 334, 335, 336 and 337

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (130 mg,0.34 mmol) was alkylated with compound 333a (225.7 mg, 1.36 mmol) togive compound 333b (77 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.408 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=549.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 333b (20 mg, 0.036 mmol) was reacted with NH₄I (52.3 mg, 0.36mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 333 (2.00 mg, 12%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.162 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z448.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.36 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (s,1H), 4.21-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s,3H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.97 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.01 (m, 2H),2.00-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.20 (m,2H), 0.95-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.62 (m, 2H).

Another portion of compound 333b (70 mg, 0.127 mmol) was reacted withNH₄I (183.3 mg, 1.27 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH and purified by preparative SFCto give compound 334 (3.20 mg, 6%) LC-MS t_(R)=1.060 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.2 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.22 min in 15 minchromatography, ee=86%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.37 (d, J=7.6 Hz,2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.11-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.71 (m,3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.01 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H),2.20-1.85 (m, 6H), 1.72-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 5H), 1.31-1.21 (m,1H), 0.93-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.61 (m, 2H).

& compound 335 (3.50 mg, 6%) LC-MS t_(R)=1.022 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.49 min in 15 minchromatography, ee=98%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.30 (d, J=7.6 Hz,2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.10-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.62 (m,1H), 3.61-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.80 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.01-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.10 (m, 5H),0.80-0.71 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.51 (m, 2H).

& compound 336 (2.50 mg, 4%) LC-MS t_(R)=1.053 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.2 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.95 min in 15 minchromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 4.10-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.62 (m,1H), 3.62-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.96 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.02-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.31 (m, 5H),1.30-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.82-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.52 (m, 2H).

& compound 337 (2.80 mg, 5%) as white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.054 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.2 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=7.44 min in 15min chromatography, ee=92%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.32 (d, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 4.10-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.60(m, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.98 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),2.10-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.21 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.10 (m,1H), 0.82-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.62 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 283 Synthesis of Compound 338

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (40 mg,0.10 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (47 mg, 0.2 mmol) to givecompound 2 (43 mg, 76%) as a white solid.

Compound 2 (43 mg, 0.08 mmol) was reacted with NH₄I (112 mg, 0.77 mmol)in NH₃/EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 3 (13 mg, 37%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of 338

A suspension of compound 3 (13 mg, 0.03 mmol), compound 3A (6 mg, 0.04mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 2 N in water) in1,4-dioxane (0.72 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by acid preparative preparative HPLC to give compound 338(3.0 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.841 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 477.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.71 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.64(m, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m,3H), 2.14 (m, 3H), 1.47 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −73.34,−77.21, −128.26.

EXAMPLE 284 Synthesis of Compound

A suspension of compound 3 described in Example 283 (30 mg, 0.07 mmol),compound 339A (15 mg, 0.10 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.5mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (1.7 mL) was heated under 120° C. for15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuoand the residue was purified by acid preparative preparative HPLC togive compound 339 (7.4 mg, 23%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.686 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 484.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 1H),3.38 (m, 3H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 2.07 (m, 3H), 1.48 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ −77.14, −71.99.

EXAMPLE 285 Synthesis of Compound 340

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 340a

A mixture of compound 3 described in Example 283 (15 mg, 0.033 mmol,crude), Boc₂O (14 mg, 0.066 mmol) and DMAP (0.008 g, 0.066 mmol) in THF(3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent wasremoved by evaporation to yield the crude product which was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate=3:1 to afford compound 340a (17 mg, 71%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.609 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 504, 506[M-56]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 340

A sealed tube was charged with compound 340a (17 mg, 0.03 mmol), CuCN(30 mg, 0.33 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (2 mg, 0.0017 mmol) and DMF (1 mL) in turnunder nitrogen. The tube was heated at 180° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 1.5 h. Ethyl acetate (10 mL) and methanol (1 mL) were addedwith stirring, and the resulting precipitate was filtered off and washedwith ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate and washings were combined andwashed with brine (10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC togive pure compound 340 (6.2 mg, 51%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.527 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 407, [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=7.6, Hz, 2H),7.32 (s, 1H), 4.37 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s,3H), 3.22 (m, 3H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m,1H), 1.35 (m, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ −71.96

EXAMPLE 286 Synthesis of Compound 341

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 341b

To a solution of compound 341a (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (84.8 mg, 0.21 mmol) under N₂, themixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuoto give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 341b (50mg, 60%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.258 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=387.2 (M+H)⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 341c

To a solution of compound 341b (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (27.6 mg, 0.20 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, compound341b (48 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at60° C. for 4 h. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 341c (20 mg,70%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.622 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=551.2 (M+H)⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 341

A solution of compound 341c (20 mg, 0.036 mmol), NH₄I (50 mg, 0.36 mmol)in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactorfor 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, andthe residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and preparative HPLC to give compound 341(2.0 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.968 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.2 (M+H)⁺. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.36 (m,2H), 3.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.27-3.17 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.97(s, 2H), 2.10-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.57 (m, 1H),1.57-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.20 (m, 3H), 0.7-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.20 (m,2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD): δ: −66.52

EXAMPLE 287 Synthesis of Compound 342

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (40 mg,0.10 mmol) was dialkylated with (S)-(1-chloroethyl)benzene (342a) togive compound 342b (15 mg, 24%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.812 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=589.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 342b (15 mg, 0.025 mmol) was then converted to compound 342(2.00 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.988 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=468.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.48-6.95 (m, 8H), 5.38-5.32 (m, 1H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.01 (m, 1H),3.00-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.20 (m,5H), 1.20-0.9 (m, 3H), 0.90-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.7-0.6 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 288 Synthesis of Compound 343

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 20

To a solution of 3-dimethylamino-propan-1-ol (1.0 g, 9.7 mmol) inanhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added SOCl₂ (1.26 g, 10.6 mmol) at 0° C.under N₂. After addition, the mixture was warmed to room temperature andwas stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed invacuo to give compound 343a (0.94 g, 80%) as a white solid, which wasused for the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300MHz): δ 3.84-3.5 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.40-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.0-2.60 (d,J=5.1 Hz, 6H), 2.50-2.20 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 343

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 343a (38 mg, 0.32 mmol) togive compound 343b (0.021 g, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.782min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=551.4 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 343b (20 mg, 0.036 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (52.1 mg,0.36 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 343 (2.50 mg, 15%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.863 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=449.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (s, 2H), 6.90-6.80 (s,1H), 3.50-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.91 (d, 15.6Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.30 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.20 (s, 3H),2.00-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.20 (m,2H), 0.85-0.75 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.55 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE I-6 Synthesis of Thiohydantoin Intermediate

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was chargedwith compound 1 (7.5 g, 24.3 mmol), Et₂NH (20 mL), Et₃N (100 mL),Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1.0 g, 1.5 mmol), CuI (0.29 g, 1.5 mmol) and Ethynylcyclopropane (15 mL) in turn under nitrogen. The reaction mixture wasstirred at 60° C. overnight. After cooling down, the solvent was removedby evaporation in vacuo. The residue was added ethyl acetate (150 mL),and then the mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel and washedwith ethyl acetate (50 mL×2). The combined organic filtrates were washedwith brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography onsilica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (100:1 to 10:1) togive compound 2 (5.0 g, 70%) as a red-brown solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 300MHz): δ 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H),3.42 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.00 (s, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1. 85 (m, 2H),1.35-1.55 (m, 5H), 0.75-0.95 (m, 4H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A mixture of compound 2 (4.0 g, 13.6 mmol), Pd/C (1.0 g), ethyl acetate(200 mL) and MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at temperature under 1 atmhydrogen atmosphere for 24 h. The precipitate was filtered off andwashed with ethyl acetate (100 mL×2). The filtrate was concentrated byevaporation in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC togive compound 3 (2.4 g, 59%) as a pale yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.371min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=299 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 300MHz): δ 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H),3.36 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.15(m, 2H), 1. 75 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.55 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H),0.00 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 3 (2.1 g, 7.0mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (4.0 g, 41.7 mmol), formamide (60 mL) and KCN (1.2 g,18.5 mmol), carefully. The mixture was heated at 120-130° C. for 72 h.After cooling down, the reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (300mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 20%iso-propanol) (200 mL×3), and the combined organic layers were washedwith brine (200 mL×3). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound as a yellow oil,which was purified by preparative HPLC to give pure compound 4 (1.1 g,42%) as a pale yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.747 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=369 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ8.45, (s, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s,1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.90 (d, J=15.2, 1H),2.60 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.40(m, 3H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was chargedwith a mixture of compound 4 (1.1 g, 2.98 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (1.3g, 3.21 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) under nitrogen. The mixturewas heated at 130° C. for 2 h. After cooling down, the solvent wasremoved by evaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate(50:1 to 5:1) to give compound 5 (1.0 g, 91%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=2.037 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=385 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 289 Synthesis of Compound 344

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 344a

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 5 described inExample 1-6 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol), DMF (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.31 mmol)and 1-bromo-2-methyl-propane (50 mg, 0.36 mmol). The mixture was heatedat 80° C. for 2.5 h. After cooling down, H₂O (30 mL) was added and themixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (10 mL×2). The separated organic phase wasdried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate (4:1) to give compound 344b (28 mg, 72%) as a pale yellow solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=2.695 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=497 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 344

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 344b (28 mg, 0.056mmol), NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL). The mixture washeated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 2 h. After coolingdown, Ethyl acetate (30 mL) was added and the mixture was washed brine(10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 344 (10.2 mg,42%) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=4.207 min in 7 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z=424 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H),3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 5H),1.50-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H),0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 290 Synthesis of Compound 345

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 describe inExample I-6 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 345A (109mg, 0.52 mmol) to give compound 345a (29 mg, 41%) as a white solid.

Compound 345a (29 mg, 0.053 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (77 mg,0.53 mmol) in saturated NH₃/EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 345 (3.20 mg,13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.095 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 450.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18-7.20 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.35 (m, 2H),3.36 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.04-3.05 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.64-2.68(t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.95-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.59 (t,J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.35-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.31 (d, 2H), 0.64-0.68 (m, 1H),0.38-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.02 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F): δ −71.87.

EXAMPLE 291 Synthesis of Compound 346

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 346b

To a solution of compound 346a (300 mg, 2.65 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) wasadded NaBH₄ (0.2 g, 5.26 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the mixture waswarmed to room temperature and was stirred at room temperature for 1 h.The reaction was quenched with H₂O (10 mL) and the solvent was removedin vacuo. The residue was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give compound 346b (200 mg, 66%) as a yellow solid whichwas used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆300 MHz): δ 7.81 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.82-4.80(d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 346c

To a solution of compound 346b (70 mg, 0.60 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wasadded SOCl₂ (79.6 mg, 0.66 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the mixturewas warmed to room temperature and was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NaHCO₃ (5 mL) andextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound346c (56.9 mg, 70%) as a yellow oil which was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 346

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (20 mg,0.05 mmol) was alkylated with compound 346c (27.6 mg, 0.20 mmol) to givecompound 346d (20 mg, 66%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.555 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=579.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 346d (20 mg, 0.034 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (49.6 mg,0.34 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 346 (3.00 mg, 19%)as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.204 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=465.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77 (d, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 7.76 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H),3.11-3.04 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 2H),1.81-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.45-1.27 (m, 2H), 0.69-0.64 (m,1H), 0.40-0.37 (m, 2H), 0.11-0.05 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 292 Synthesis of Compound 347

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was alkylated with compound 347A (77 mg, 0.52 mmol) to affordthe crude product 347a (40 mg, 80%), which was used directly for thenext step without further purification.

Compound 347a (40 mg, 0.076 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (111 mg,0.76 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) to give compound 347(21 mg, 38%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.146 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 436.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ11.4 (m, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=26, 18.4 Hz, 1H),6.81 (s, 1H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.1 (m, 3H), 2.66 (m, 3H),2.04 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 6H), 1.49 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.39 (m, 2H),0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 293 Synthesis of Compound 348

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound 348A (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) to givecompound 348a (22 mg, 51%).

Compound 348a (22 mg, 0.040 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (58 mg,0.40 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 348 (2.2 mg, 12%).LC-MS: t_(R)=1.110 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.3[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.15 (m, 1H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.75 (m,1H), 4.05 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 1H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m,3H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 6H), 1.41 (m,8H), 0.60 (m, 1H), 0.36 (m, 2H), 0.049 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 294 Synthesis of Compound 349

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound 349A (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) to givecompound 349a (44 mg, 44%) as a white solid.

Compound 349a (44 mg, 0.080 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (116 mg,0.80 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 349 (11.8 mg, 33%).LC-MS: t_(R)=1.195 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.3[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.69(m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.41 (m, 11H), 0.93(m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 295 Synthesis of Compounds 350 and 351

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (3.68 g, 0.04 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) wasadded phosphorus tribromide (5.4 g, 1.9 mL, 0.02 mol). The mixture washeated to reflux for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with 5% aqueousNaHCO₃, and was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×40 mL). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (2×40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentratedunder reduced pressure to give compound 2 (3.1 g,51%) as a yellow oil,which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 350 and 351

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (100 mg,0.26 mmol) was alkylated with compound 2 (159 mg, 1.04 mmol) in thepresence of Cs₂CO₃ (339 mg, 1.04 mmol) to give compound 4 (73 mg, 53%).

Compound 4 (79 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (217 mg, 1.5mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 350 (2.8 mg, 5%)LC-MS t_(R)=1.052 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 440.2[M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.98-7.02 (d,J=7.6, Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 1H), 3.49-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.43(m, 6H), 3.01-3.12 (m, 4H), 2.68-2.72 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m,3H), 1.32-1.48 (m, 10H), 0.67 (m, 1H), 0.38-0.40 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.01(s, 2H).

and compound 351 (7.8 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.096 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 440.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.20-7.28 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.91-7.00 (d, J=38.4 Hz, 1H), 4.52(m, 1H), 3.73-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.31 (m, 6H),3.01-3.18 (m, 3H), 2.69-2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.00-2.09 (m, 3H),1.36-1.51 (m, 10H), 0.65-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.38-0.42 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 296 Synthesis of Compound 352

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound 352a (38.9 mg, 0.156 mmol) togive compound 352b (30 mg, 53%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.165 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.1 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 352b (30 mg, 0.041 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (59 mg, 0.41mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 352 (11.0 mg, 57%) as awhite solid. LCMSt_(R)=1.196 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=536.2 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.99-7.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H),7.56-7.54 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (m, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.00 (m,6H), 2.71-2.69 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 1H),1.50-1.20 (m, 7H), 0.71-0.60 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.01 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 297 Synthesis of Compound 353

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 353A (98 mg, 0.52 mmol) to givecompound 353a (45 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Compound 353a (45 mg, 0.075 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (109 mg,0.75 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 353(9.2 mg, 26%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.152 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 476.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.39-7.44 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.22 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04-7.14 (m, 3H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s,3H), 3.11-3.14 (m, 3H), 2.68-2.72 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 2H),1.81-1.83 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 1.41-1.49 (m, 5H), 1.27-1.35 (m, 2H),0.60-0.68 (m, 1H), 0.37-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.03 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F400 MHz): δ −113.92

EXAMPLE 298 Synthesis of Compound 354

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 354A (98 mg, 0.52 mmol) to givecompound 354a (45 mg, 58%) as a white solid.

Compound 354a (45 mg, 0.075 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (109 mg,0.75 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, saturated) to give compound 354 (5.00 mg,14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.127 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 476.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.43 (m, 1H),7.32-7.38 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 5.04 (s,2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.17 (m, 3H), 2.69-2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),1.94-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.53 (m, 5H), 1.23-1.35 (m,2H), 0.63-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.36-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.02 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ −118.84

EXAMPLE 299 Synthesis of Compound 355

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 355A (95 mg, 0.52 mmol) to givecompound 355a (45 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Compound 355a (45 mg, 0.07 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (107 mg, 0.7mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 355 (2.7mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.120 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 483.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.73-7.75 (d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.73 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.23 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-6.99 (s, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.19(m, 3H), 2.69-2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 1.77-1.80 (m, 1H),1.41-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.35 (m, 3H), 0.62-0.67 (m, 1H), 0.36-0.39 (m,2H), −0.01-0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 300 Synthesis of Compound 356

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 1-bromomethyl-3-methoxy-benzene (65 mg,0.326 mmol) to give compound 356a (30 mg, 38%) as a white solid.

Compound 356a (30 mg, 0.049 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (77 mg,0.492 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 356 (8.0 mg, 33%)as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.257 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 488 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (m, 4H), 4.60-4.70 (m, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.31 (m,3H), 3.00-3.15 (m, 3H), 1.81-2.02 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.48 (m,6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 0.01 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H).

EXAMPLE 301 Synthesis of Compound 357

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-(bromomethyl)-5-fluoropyridine to givecompound 357a (20 mg, 0.033 mmol), which was heated with NH₄I (47.6 mg,0.33 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 357 (9.10 mg, 57%)as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=2.128 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=477.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.41-8.40 (d, J=2.8Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.55 (td, J=2.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.30 (dd, J=4.4, 8.8Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.01 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),6.90-6.80 (m, 1H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.2-3.10 (m, 1H),3.09-3.05 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 3.05-2.95 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 2.69-2.60(m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.51 (m, 1H),1.51-1.21 (m, 6H), 0.70-0.60 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.01 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 302 Synthesis of Compound 358

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with bromomethylbenzene (50 mg, 0.29 mmol)to give compound 358b (34 mg, 77%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=2.500 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 565 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 358b (34 mg, 0.060 mmol) was heated with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) to give compound 358 (14.4 mg, 59%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=4.202 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.29 (m, 5H), 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz,3H), 7.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.69(d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 3.13 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H),2.67 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H),1.30-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.38 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 303 Synthesis of Compound 359

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was alkylated with 1-bromomethyl-4-fluoro-benzene (55 mg, 0.3mmol) to give compound 359a (54 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Compound 359a (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) was heated with NH₄I (60 mg, 0.4 mmol)in a solution of NH₃-EtOH (3 mL, 5 N) to give compound 359 (17 mg, 45%)as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.92 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 476.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H),7.20-7.25 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.15-7.20 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.00-7.10 (m,2H), 6.80-6.85 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.70(m, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 5H),1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.35-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.10 (m,2H). ¹⁹F NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −115.20.

EXAMPLE 304 Synthesis of Compounds 360 and 361

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 360a

To a solution of 1-phenyl-ethanol (100 mg, 0.81 mmol) in anhydrousCH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added SOCl₂ (107 mg, 0.90 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂, themixture was stirred at room temperature onnight. The solvent was removedin vacuo to give compound 360a (90 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil which wasused in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400MHz): δ 7.41-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.29 (m, 3H), 5.28-5.26 (m, 1H),1.72-1.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H)

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 360 and 361

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 360a (21.9 mg, 0.15 mmol) togive compound 360b (20 mg, 43%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.678 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=593.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 360b (20 mg, 0.033 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (48.4 mg,0.33 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEMmicrowave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture wasconcentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by preparativeTLC (dichloromethane:methanol=10:1) and preparative HPLC to givecompound 360 (3.00 mg, 19%), LC-MS: t_(R)=2.091 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=472.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.47-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.44-7.28 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.19 (d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.7.10 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H),5.59-5.57 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.03(m, 2H), 2.67-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H),1.75-1.67 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.56-1.10 (m, 7H), 0.70-0.60 (m, 1H),0.40-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.05 (m, 2H).

& compound 361 (1.80 mg, 11%) as white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.330 min in3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=472.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz):δ 7.38-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.30-7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.10 (dd, J=1.2,7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 5.50-5.40 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H),3.31-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.10 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 0.2H), 3.10-3.00 (d, J=17.2Hz, 0.2H), 2.71-2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.95 (m,2H), 1.95-1.90 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.30 (m, 7H), 0.71-0.61 (m, 1H),0.50-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.03 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 305 Synthesis of Compound 362

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362b

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 360a described in Example304, reaction of compound 362a (100 mg, 0.81 mmol) with SOCl₂ gavecompound 362b (90 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil which was used in the nextstep without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 7.41-7.39(m, 2H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 3H), 5.34-5.20 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz,3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362c

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 360b described in Example304, reaction compound 5 (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and compound 362b gavecompound 362c (35 mg, 54%) as a white solid after purification bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluted with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.515 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=473.2[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362d

To a solution of compound 362c (35 mg, 0.077 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (32.9 mg, 0.081 mmol) under N₂, themixture was stirred at 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 40 min.The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc=3:1to give compound 362d (15 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.628min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=489.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362

To a solution of compound 362d (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) wasadded t-BuOOH (1.0 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (3.0 mL), the mixture was stirred atroom temperature overnight, LCMS analysis showed the completeconsumption of compound 362d, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum,and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel elutingwith dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and by prep-HPLC to give compound 362(1.80 mg, 12.5%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.017 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=472.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.48-7.24 (m, 5H), 7.25-7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.06 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 6.84-6.62 (s, 1H), 5.46-5.34 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.14 (m,1H), 3.10-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.62 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.05 (m, 1H),1.99-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.76 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.56-1.20 (m, 7H),0.68-0.61 (m, 1H), 0.41-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.03 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 306 Synthesis of Compound 363

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromoethyl-benzene (363a) (0.10 g,0.54 mmol) to give compound 363b (56 mg, 72%) as a pale yellow solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=2.649 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=593 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 363b (56 mg, 0.084 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg,0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) to give compound 363 (15.2 mg, 38%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.887 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=472, [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.20 (m, 1H),7.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.85(m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 4H), 2.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz,2H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 2H), 1.20 (m,1H), 1.05 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 307 Synthesis of Compound 364

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (66 mg, 0.33 mmol) to givethe crude compound 2 (56 mg, 68%), which was used for the next stepdirectly.

Compound 2 (56 mg, 0.089 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (128.5 mg, 0.89mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 364 (2 mg, 5%). LC-MS:t_(R)=1.295 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=492.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.26(m, 2H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.05(m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.51 (m,1H), 1.48 (m, 4H), 1.35 (m, 1H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 308 Synthesis of Compound 365

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5A

To a solution of compound 9 (100 mg, 0.56 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wasadded Et₃N (114 mg, 1.12 mmol) and MsCl (71 mg, 0.61 mmol) undernitrogen, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Thereaction was quenched with H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 5A (86 mg, 60%) as yellowoil, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹HNMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 365

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 5A (39.8 mg, 0.156 mmol) toafford compound 6 (30 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.561 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=703.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 6 (30 mg, 0.042 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (61.3 mg, 0.42mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 365 (4.90 mg, 26%) as awhite solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.149 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=527.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.8Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.15 (m, 1H),3.15-2.91 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.17-1.94 (m, 2H),1.94-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.62 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.30 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.27 (m,1H), 0.71-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.43-0.35 (m, 2H), 0.1-0.05 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR(CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −63.844.

EXAMPLE 309 Synthesis of Compound 366

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (45 mg,0.12 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (84 mg, 0.35 mmol) in thepresence of Cs₂CO₃ (191 mg, 0.59 mmol) to give compound 2 (41 mg, 60%).

Compound 2 (41 mg, 0.070 mmol) was then heated NH₄I (101 mg, 0.70 mmol)in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 366 (2.4 mg, 8%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1. 137 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=412.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.00 (s,1H), 3.82 (m, 2H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 3H), 3.10 (m, 3H), 2.60 (m,2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 5H), 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m,1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 310 Synthesis of Compound 367

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (134 mg, 0.52 mmol) at thepresence of Cs₂CO₃ (170 mg, 0.52 mmol) to give compound 2 (45 mg, 56%)as a white solid.

Compound 2 (49 mg, 0.086 mmol) was heated with NH₄I (125 mg, 0.86 mmol)in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 367 (3.4 mg, 12%)as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.085 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.51-8.52 (d, J=4.4Hz, 1H), 7.79-7.83 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.42 (m, 5H), 4.97-5.06 (m,2H), 3.24-325 (m, 3H), 3.03-3.24 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H),2.02-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.52 (m, 7H), 0.65-0.69 (m,1H), 0.37-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 311 Synthesis of Compound 368

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 368b

To a solution of (3-dimethylamino-phenyl)-methanol (0.20 g, 1.32 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was added SOCl₂ (0.3 mL) via a syringe slowly withstirring. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give thecrude compound 368b (0.31 g, 100% crude) as a red solid, which was useddirectly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 368

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 368b (60 mg, 0.29 mmol) togive compound 368c (13 mg, 26%) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.323 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 651 [M+H]⁺. Compound 386c (13 mg,0.060 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH(2 mL) to give compound 386 (5.4 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.622 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 501 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 6.64 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 3.04 (d,J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 3H),1.61 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40(m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 312 Synthesis of Compound 369

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (45 mg,0.12 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (40 mg, 0.29 mmol) to givecompound 2 (28 mg, 47%), which was heated with NH₄I (80.8 mg, 0.56 mmol)in NH₃-EtOH (5.0 N, 3 mL) to give compound 369 (10 mg, 42%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.053 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=426[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 6H), 3.15(m, 1H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m,1H), 1.46 (m, 7H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 313 Synthesis of Compound 370

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (17.0 mg, 0.166 mmol) togive compound 2 (31 mg, 72%), which was heated with NH₄I (81.4 mg, 0.56mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (5.0 N, 3 mL) to give compound 370 (5.7 mg, 30%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.077 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=452 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 3.89 (m, 2H), 3.72 (m, 4H), 3.45 (m,1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.01 (m, 3H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m,1H), 1.45 (m, 6H), 1.30 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.38 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 314 Synthesis of Compound 371

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (50 mg,0.28 mmol) to give compound 371b (36 mg, 80%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=2.581 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=424 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 371b (36 mg, 0.062 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg,0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 371 (7.7 mg, 27%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.658 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=464 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m,1H), 3.05 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 2.56 (m, 2H), 1.75-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50(m, 6H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).¹⁹F NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −66.676

EXAMPLE 315 Synthesis of Compound 372

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 372b

To a solution of 4-bromomethyl-piperidine hydrochloride salt (0.10 g,0.47 mmol) anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) were added acetyl chloride(75 mg, 0.94 mmol) and triethyl-amine (0.10 g, 0.99 mmol) in turn. Thereaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Thereaction was quenched by adding brine (10 mL) with stirring. The mixturewas separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane(10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL×2).The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo to give crude compound 372b (0.12 g, crude) as a red oil, whichwas used directly in next step without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400MHz): δ 4.68 (m, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.24 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (m,1H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.16 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 372

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 372b (60 mg, 0.078 mmol) togive compound 372c (44 mg, 85%) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.944 minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=663 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 372c (40 mg, 0.060 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg,0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 372 (9.0 mg, 30%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.557 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=507 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 1H), 3.42 (d,J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 3.01 (d, J=15.2Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (m, 1H),2.05 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.50(m, 6H), 1.00-1.25 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 316 Synthesis of Compound 373

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 373a

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 372b, reaction of4-bromomethyl-piperidine hydrochloride salt with MsCl gave crudecompound 373a (0.11 g, crude) as a pale yellow oil, which was useddirectly in next step without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ3.80 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m,2H), 1.92 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.16 (dt, J=4.0, 12.4 Hz,2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 373

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound 373a to give compound 373b (47mg, 82%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.082 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=735 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 373b (40 mg, 0.054 mmol) was then converted to compound 373(10.7 mg, 36%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.610 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=543 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.18(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.71 (m, 2H),3.44 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.09 (d, J=15.6 Hz,1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (s, 3H),2.73 (m, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.80 (m,3H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 8H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 317 Synthesis of Compound 374

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromo-1,1-difluoro-ethane (9) (33 mg,0.3 mmol) to give compound 10 (24 mg, yield 40%) as a white solid.

Compound 10 (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (60 mg, 0.4mmol) in a solution of NH₃-EtOH (3 mL, 5 N) to give compound 374 (5 mg,25%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.00-7.20 (m, 2H),6.75-6.85 (s, 1H), 5.80-6.30 (m, 1H), 3.85-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s,3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.70(m, 7H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.35-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.10 (m, 2H). ¹⁹FNMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −124.396

EXAMPLE 318 Synthesis of Compound 375

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 27

To a solution of compound 375a (100 mg, 0.86 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wasadded Et₃N (175.4 mg, 1.73 mmol) and MsCl (109.3 mg, 0.95 mmol) undernitrogen, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Thereaction was quenched with H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 375b (72.8 mg, 75%) as ayellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification.¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.79-8.78 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.34 (d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 375

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 27 (28.9 mg, 0.156 mmol) toafford compound 375c (30 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.626min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=579.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 375c (20 mg, 0.034 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (49.6 mg,0.34 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 375 (8.10 mg, 51%)as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.075 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=465.2 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.98-8.97 (d, J=2.0Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.52 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.19-7.15 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.04 (s, 1H), 5.10-5.01 (s, 2H) 3.33(s, 3H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.05 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.70-2.66 (t,J=15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.10-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.35 (m, 5H),1.35-1.20 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.64 (m, 1H), 0.41-0.38 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.07 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 319 Synthesis of Compound 376

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg,0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (77 mg, 0.52 mmol) to affordthe crude product 2 (45 mg, 80%), which was heated NH₄I (98 mg, 0.68mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) to give compound 376 (15 mg,42%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.057 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 466.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (dd, J=32.8, 7.6Hz, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 3.95 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 3.4 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),3.44 (s, 1H), 3.35 (m, 3H), 3.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.0 (d, J=15.2 Hz,1H), 2.6 (t, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 2.0 (m, 5H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.4 (m, 8H), 0.6(m, 1H), 0.39 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 0.68 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H).

EXAMPLE 320 Synthesis of Compound 377

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 7A (200 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) wasadded MsCl (286 mg, 2.50 mmol) and Et₃N (689 mg, 6.81 mmol) at 0° C.,the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added andextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give compound 7 (160 mg, 42%) as a yellow oil, whichwas used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 377

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 7 (38.9 mg, 0.234 mmol) togive compound 8 (16 mg, 39%) as a white solid.

Compound 8 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (44.2 mg, 0.305mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 0.5 N) to give compound 377 (4.3mg, 26%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.920 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD varian 400 MHz):δ 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=14.8 Hz,1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.76 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s,3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.69 (m, 3H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.85 (m,1H), 1.40 (m, 6H), 0.71 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 321 Synthesis of Compound 378

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15B

Compound 15A (6 g, 60.5 mmol) and (HCHO)_(n) (2.76 g, 30.25 mmol) wereheated together in a sealed tube at 165° C. for 3 h. After cooling, thereaction mixture was removed carefully and purified by columnchromatography (CH₂Cl₂: EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 15B (1.6 g, 20%) asa yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15

To a solution of compound 15B (200 mg, 1.55 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) wasadded MsCl (195 mg, 1.70 mmol) and Et₃N (470 mg, 4.65 mmol) at 0° C.,the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added andextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give compound 15 (150 mg, 47%) as a yellow oil,which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 378

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 15 (48.5 mg, 0.234 mmol) togive compound 16 (40 mg, 85%) as a white solid.

Compound 16 (45 mg, 0.074 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (86 mg, 0.593mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 378 (2.5mg, 7%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.081 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 479 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.68 (d, J=3.2 Hz,1H), 7.50 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.15 (m, 2H),3.42 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 2H),1.97 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 5H), 1.31 (m, 2H), 0.69 (m, 1H),0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 323 Synthesis of Compounds 379 and 380

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 7A (200 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) wasadded MsCl (286 mg, 2.50 mmol) and Et₃N (689 mg, 6.81 mmol) at 0° C.,the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added andextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give compound 7 as a yellow oil (160 mg, 42%), whichwas used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 379 and 380

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 7 (38.9 mg, 0.234 mmol) togive compound 8 (16 mg, 39%) as a white solid.

Compound 8 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (44.2 mg, 0.305mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 0.5 N) and purified bypreparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and HPLC and SFC to give compound 379(3.0 mg, 37%), SFC: t_(R)=6.15 min in 16 min chromatography, ee=98%,LC-MS t_(R)=1.025 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.06 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.11(m, 1H), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.63 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.11(m, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40(m, 6H), 1.38 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

and compound 380 (3.2 mg, 38%) as a white solid. SFC: t_(R)=6.84 min in16 min chromatography, ee=98%, LC-MS t_(R)=1.030 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.21(d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 5.01(m, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15(m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 2.71 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.66(m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 323 Synthesis of Compound 381

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 381b

To a solution of compound 381a (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (84.8 mg, 0.21 mmol) under N₂, themixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuoto give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 381b (50mg, 60%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.258 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=387.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 381

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 381b (20 mg,0.05 mmol) was dialkylated compound 381c (26.7 mg, 0.20 mmol) to givecompound 381d (20 mg, 66%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.427 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=387.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 381d (20 mg, 0.034 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (49.4 mg,0.34 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 381 (1.20 mg, 8%) asa white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.827 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=467.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H),7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 5.20 (s,2H), 3.77 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35-3.33 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.15 (m, 1H),3.14-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m,1H), 1.50-1.10 (m, 5H), 0.63-0.59 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.32 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 324 Synthesis of Compound 382

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 1 (30 mg,0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromo-butane (42.4 mg, 0.31 mmol) togive compound 2 (20 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.488 min in2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=499.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 2 (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (57 mg, 0.40mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 382 (3.80 mg, 22%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.05 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS(ESI) m/z=426.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.07-7.05 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.69 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H),4.01-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.64 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01(m, 1H), 2.95-2.89 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 2.87-2.82 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H),2.01-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.26 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.22 (m,3H), 1.22-1.05 (m, 3H), 0.90-0.71 (m, 3H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.21(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 325 Synthesis of Compound 383

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 1 (30 mg,0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with 1-Iodo-propane (52.6 mg, 0.31 mmol) togive compound 3 (20 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.37 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z=471.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 3 (20 mg, 0.042 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (61 mg, 0.42mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 383 (5.10 mg, 29%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.02 in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI)m/z=412.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.08-7.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),6.80-6.65 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.79-3.71 (m,2H), 3.41-3.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H),2.95-2.90 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 2.95-2.85 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 2.01-1.80(m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.40 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.22 (m, 2H),1.22-1.05 (m, 3H), 0.85-0.71 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 2H),0.31-0.12 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 326 Synthesis of Compound 384

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 8 (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) in anhydrous CCl₄ (2 mL)was added NBS (135.9 mg, 0.76 mmol) and Bz₂O (3.80 mg, 0.015 mmol). Theresulting suspension was heated at reflux for 12 h. The mixture wasfiltered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated underreduced pressure to give the crude product which was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc=3:1 to givecompound 6 (100 mg, 64%) as a yellow liquid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ8.4-8.25 (m, 2H), 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.74 (dd, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H),4.62 (s, 2H),

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 384

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg,0.078 mmol) was heated with compound 6 (69.1 mg, 0.31 mmol) to givecompound 7 (20 mg, 38%) as a white solid, LC-MS: t_(R)=1.436 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 669.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 7 (20 mg, 0.029 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (42.9 mg, 0.29mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 384 (4.80 mg 31%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.940 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 510.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 9.03-8.97 (s, 2H), 8.25-8.17(d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.05-7.95 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.80 (dd, J=1.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H),7.35-7.30 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.20 (dd, J=1.2, 7.5 Hz, 1H),7.09-7.01 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 2H) 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.10 (m, 3H),2.80-2.68 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.81 (m, 1H),1.70-1.20 (m, 7H), 0.75-0.60 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.01 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 327 Synthesis of Compound 385

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 1 (30 mg,0.077 mmol) was dialkylated 2-Bromo-butane (42.4 mg, 0.31 mmol) to givecompound 4 (20 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.47 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z=499.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 4 (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (57 mg, 0.40mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 385 (9.20 mg, 35%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.056 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=426.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20-7.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),6.80-6.60 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.60 (m,2H), 3.45-3.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H),2.95-2.90 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 2.90-2.81 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.01-1.80(m, 2H), 1.81-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.46 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.05 (m, 7H),0.90-0.80 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.12 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 328 Synthesis of Compound 386

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 24

To a solution of thiazol-5-yl-methanol (0.20 g, 1.74 mmol) and Et₃N(0.40 g, 3.95 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added methane sulfonylchloride (0.40 g, 3.49 mmol) via a syringe slowly with stirring. Afteraddition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 7h. The reaction was quenched by addition 10 mL brine with stirring. Themixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂(10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL×2),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crudecompound 24 (0.40 g, crude) as a brown oil, which was used directly innext step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 386

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1A (50 mg,0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 24 to give compound 25A (31 mg,48%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ varian 400 MHz): δ 8.73 (s, 1H),7.86, (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s,1H), 6.18 (m, 1H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H),3.09 (m, 1H), 2.66 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.50 (m,7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Compound 25A (31 mg, 0.069 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'sreagent to give compound 25B (13 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.214 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=482 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 25B (13 mg, 0.027 mmol) was converted to compound 386(9.7 mg, 78%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.382 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.95(s, 1H), 7.90, (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),6.74 (s, 1H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 3.03 (d, J=15.2Hz, 1H), 2.66 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.80-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.50 (m, 7H),0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 329 Synthesis of Compound 387

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1 (50 mg,0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 1A (23 mg, 0.149 mmol) to givecompound 2 (20 mg, 31%) as a white solid.

Compound 2 (20 mg, 0.041 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent(18 mg, 0.046 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2.5 mL) to give the crudeproduct 3 (25 mg), which was converted to compound 387 (2.5 mg, 10%) asa white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.008 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 483.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.49(d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00(s, 1H), 4.92 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz,2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 7H), 0.62 (m, 1H), 0.39 (m,2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 330 Synthesis of Compound 388

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 51

A flask equipped with a nitrogen balloon was charged with3-methanesulfonyl-benzoic acid (0.50 g, 2.5 mmol) and anhydrous THF (10mL). The mixture was cooled down to 0° C. with an ice water bath. Acomplex of BH₃-THF (3.0 mL, 3.0 mmol, 1 M in THF) was added withstirring at 0° C. slowly and the mixture was warmed to ambienttemperature, then stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixturewas quenched by additing methanol (10 mL) carefully. The solvent wasremoved by evaporation in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in ethylacetate (100 mL). The mixture was washed with 1N NaOH aqueous solution(30 mL), brine (30 mL×2) in turn. The separated organic layer was diredover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude compound 51 (0.25g, 50% crude yield) as a colorless oil, which was used directly in nextstep without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 52

To a solution of crude compound 51 (25 mg, 1.30 mmol) and Et₃N (0.40 g,3.95 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added Methane sulfonyl chloride (400mg, 3.49 mmol) via a syringe slowly with stirring. After addition, thereaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Thereaction was quenched by addition 30 mL brine with stirring. The mixturewas separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×2).The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL×2), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product,which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withpetroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 52 (100 mg, 29%) asa pale yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 388

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1A (50 mg,0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 52 give compound 53 (34 mg, 45%)as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ varian 400): δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.87 (dd,J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=1.6, 7.6 Hz,1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.06 (m, 1H), 4.73 (s, 2H),3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 4H), 2.65 (td, J=2.8, 7.4 Hz, 2H),1.80-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01(m, 2H).

Compound 53 (31 mg, 0.069 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagentto give compound 53A (27 mg, 77%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.245min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=521 (M−31), 575 (M+23).

Finally, compound 53A (27 mg, 0.027 mmol) was converted to compound 388(14.9 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.382 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.91(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87, (s, 1H), 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.89 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H),3.20-3.30 (m, 4H), 3.071 (m, 2H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H),1.70-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.60 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 331 Synthesis of Compound 389

According to a similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 1 affordedcompound 389 (25 mg) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.45 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 468 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.76(m, 1H), 7.74-7.28 (m, 7H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.04 (m,3H), 2.04-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.42 (m, 3H), 1.24 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 332 Synthesis of Compounds 390 and 391

To a solution of compound 1 (10 mg, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) in a 10mL CEM microwave tube, there was add CuCN (excess), Cs₂CO₃ (2 eq), andPd(pph₃)₄ (cat. amount). The resulting mixture was heated in a CEMmicrowave reactor at 160° C. for 180 min. The mixture was filtered, andthe filtration was loaded directly to a HPLC to afford compound 390 (5.9mg, 52%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.35 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 415 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m,1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.32 (m, 5H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H),3.24-3.06 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.20 (m, 5H); andcompound 391 (2.9 mg, 25%) as a by-product, also a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=1.19 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433 [M]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.30(m, 5H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.78(m, 1H), 1.42-1.24 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 333 Synthesis of Compound 392

Step 1. Synthesis of N-methoxy-N-methylpyridazine-3-carboxamide (2)

To a solution of pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (1) (0.44 g, 3.47 mmol) inDCM (10 mL), there was added oxalyl chloride (0.67 g, 5.2 mmol) followedby 2 drops of DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1hr, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give acid chloride, whichwas used for the next step without purification.

To the above product there was added K₂CO₃ (1.44 g, 10.4 mmol) andN,O-dimethylhydroxylaminehydrochloride (0.69 g, 5.2 mmol), followed byMeCN (10 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight, filtered through a cotton ball, and the filtration wasconcentrated to give N-methoxy-N-methylpyridazine-3-carboxamide (2)(0.41 g, 71% for two steps).

Step 2. Synthesis of 1-(pyridazin-3-yl)ethanol (3)

To a solution of N-methoxy-N-methylpyridazine-3-carboxamide (2) (0.41 g,2.45 mmol) in anhydrous THF (8 mL) at −78° C., there was added methylGrignard reagent (1.4 N in Toluene/THF (75:25), 3.5 mL). After finishingaddition, the reaction was stirred at the same temperature for another 1hr, quenched with MeOH, and warmed up to 0° C.

To the above solution there was added NaBH4 (excess), and resultingmixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, warmed to room temperature,quenched with acetone. After adding silica gel (5 g), the solvent wasremoved, and the residue was solid loaded to column for purification.The column was eluted with 0 to 10% MeOH in DCM to give1-(pyridazin-3-yl)ethanol (3) (0.19 g, 63% for 2 steps).

Step 3. Synthesis of 3-(1-chloroethyl)pyridazine (4)

To a solution of 1-(pyridazin-3-yl)ethanol (3) (50 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DCM(1 mL), there was added sulfurous dichloride (0.2 mL). The resultingsolution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. Solvent was removedto give 3-(1-chloroethyl)pyridazine (4), which was used for the nextstep without purification.

Step 4. Synthesis of compound 6

To a solution of hydantoin 5 (53.0 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (0.2 mL0, therewas added K2CO3 (excess) followed by 3-(1-chloroethyl)pyridazine (4)(0.2 mmol) in DMF (0.25 mL), the resulting mixture was heated at 70° C.for 4 hrs, cooled to room temperature, added water (5 mL), and extractedwith DCM (5 mL×4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine,dried over Na2SO4, and the solvent was removed to give compound 6 (60.7mg, 89%), LC-MS t_(R)=1.45 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z4875 [M]⁺.

Step 5. Synthesis of compound 392

According to a similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 6 (30.4 mg,0.06 mmol) afforded compound 392 (11.0 mg, 36%) as a TFA salt. LC-MSt_(R)=1.21 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 484 [M]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.18 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.46 (m,2H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 5.78 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.24-2.86 (m, 3H),2.10-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.24 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 334 Synthesis of Compound 393

To a 10 mL CEM microwave there was added compound 392 (7 mg, 0.01 mmol),PdCl2(pph3)2 (cat.) and CsF (3 eq), there solid was degassed followed byblowing N₂ through the tube. Toluene (0.5 mL) was added, and the systemwas degassed again before tributyl(cyclopropylethynyl)stannane (exaee)was added. The resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactorat 120° C. for 30 min, filtered, solvent was removed, and the residuewas purified on HPLC to afford compound 393 (3.4 mg, 52%) as a TFA salt.LC-MS t_(R)=1.39 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 470 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.16 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, H), 7.78 (m, 1H),7.32-7.20 (m, 3H), 5.78 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.22-2.94 (m, 3H),2.08-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.20 (m, 6H), 0.86 (d, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE I-7 Synthesis of6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(4)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of LDA (23.4 mL, 42.1 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (150 mL)was added slowly a solution of compound 1 (3.6 g, 21.05 mmol) in THF (77mL) at −60° C. under a N₂ atmosphere. After being stirred at −60° C. for1 h, a solution of compound 2 (7.05 g, 18.9 mmol)) in THF (23 mL) wasadded slowly to the above solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at−60° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (15 mL).The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purifiedby column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum: ethyl acetate, 10:1)to give compound 3 (2.5 g, yield 26%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A flame dried 100 mL RBF was charged with compound 3 (2.11 g, 4.5 mmol)and anhydrous THF (80 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. The resulting solutionwas stirred and chilled to −70° C., and t-BuLi (1.3 M, in hexane 6.95mL, 9 mmol, 2 eq.) was added dropwise. Deep red was observed during theaddition. The reaction was stirred another 1 h after the addition. Thereaction was quenched with MeOH (0.4 mL), and followed by aq. HClsolution (2 M, 8 mL). The resulting solution was concentrated to removeorganic solvent. The residue was stirred in 0.5 M aq. HCl solution (40mL). The suspension was heated to reflux (oil bath 105° C.). Thereaction was cooled down to room temperature and filter. The cake waswashed with H₂O. The light yellow solid was collected and co-evaporatedwith MeOH two times to remove water to give crude product, which waspurified by chromatography to give6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(4) (450 mg, yield 35%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.80-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.18 (m,4H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.81 (brs, 2H), 1.78-1.85 (m, 2H),1.57-1.62 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE I-8 Synthesis of hydantoin 5-Method 1

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1 (1 g, 2.94mmol), KCN (573 mg, 8.82 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (2.82 g, 29.4 mmol) informamide (30 mL). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 72 h, cooledto room temperature, and poured into ice (20 g). After acidificationwith conc. HCl solution (10 mL), the resulting mixture was filtered, andthe filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed withwater (2×50 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo to give compound 2 (80 mg, yield 8%) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (20 mg, 0.049 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(20 mg, 0.049 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (1 mL) was stirred at 150° C.for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, and the residue was purified by prep-TLC to give compound 3 (20mg, 96%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) wasadded MeI (13.3 mg, 0.094 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (26 mg, 0.188 mmol). Afterbeing stirred at 60° C. for 10 min in microwave, additional MeI (13.3mg, 0.094 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C.for 10 min in microwave, concentrated in vacuo to give compound 4 (25mg, 100%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A solution of compound 4 (40 mg, 0.088 mmol) and NH₄I (127 mg, 0.088mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 2 mL) was stirred at 120° C. in a microwavereactor for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL), and stirred for 30 min.The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo togive compound 5 (35 mg, yield 92%) as a yellow solid.

EXAMPLE I-9 Synthesis of Hydantoin 5—Method 2

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (500 mg, 0.86 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (510 mg, 3.72 mmol) and MeI (350 mg, 0.86 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was added water (50mL), the precipitate was collected by filtration to collected the solid,which was dried in vacuo a crude compound 3 (300 mg, 58%) as a whitesolid, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (300 mg, 0.42 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (186mg, 0.46 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was heated at 150° C. for 30 min in aCEM microwave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 4 (180 mg, 58%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (500 mg, 1.14 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (30mL) and NH₃-EtOH (6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (2 mL, 22.8 mmol, 65% inwater). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, andconcentrated. Water (25 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted withEtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the residue which was purified by RP-HPLC to givecompound 5 (250 mg, 52%) as a white solid.

EXAMPLE 335 Synthesis of Compound 394

A solution containing hydantoin 5 (25 mg, 0.057 mmol) and compound 5A(11 mg, 0.089 mmol) in dioxane (1.5 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.4mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through thereaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. Thereaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor andirradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to roomtemperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through ashort Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) and HPLC to givecompound 394 (2.8 mg, yield 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.863 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 423 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.60-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.07-7.08 (m, 4H),3.23-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 3.95-3.04 (m, 1H),2.69-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.19 (m, 1H); 1.68 (s, 2H),1.29-1.35 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 336 Synthesis of Compounds 395, 396 and 397

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 395

According to a similar synthesis of compound 394, hydantoin 5 (350 mg,0.62 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (12 mL) was reacted with compound 5A (175 mg,1.24 mmol) to give compound 395 (80 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=0.921 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 441 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m,4H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.77 (m,1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m,2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 396 and 397

Compound 395 (43 mg) was purified by preparative SFC to give twoenantiomers of compound 396 (16 mg, 38%), LC-MS t_(R)=1.033 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 441 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=2.630 min in 4 minchromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, J=4.8 Hz,1H), 8.07 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48(s, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19(s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.22(m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 2H); and compound 397 (19 mg, 44%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.028 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z441 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=3.1580 min in 4 min chromatography, ee=98.7%. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.11(m, 4H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.77(m, 1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.48(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 337 Synthesis of Compound 398

To a solution of compound 5 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was addedCuCl (64 mg, 0.85 mmol), the resulting mixture was heated at 180° C. ina CEM tube under microwave reactor for 0.5 h. After cooling, the mixturewas concentrated under vacuum to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative-basic HPLC to give compound 398 (8.4 mg, 31%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.062 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.1[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H),6.98-6.70 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.42 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.14-3.21 (m, 1H),2.98-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.81-2.88 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 2.61-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.56(s, 1H), 2.47-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.63 (m, 1H),1.19-1.37 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 338 Synthesis of Compound 399

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (45 mg, 0.1 mmol) and DMAP (25 mg, 0.2 mmol)in CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) was added (Boc)₂O (45 mg, 0.2 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated invacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=4:1) to give compound 8 (50 mg,95%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

A solution of compound 8 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol) and Pd/C (4 mg) in MeOH (5mL) was stirred under H₂ atmosphere (10 Psi) at 25° C. for 2 h. Themixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to givecrude compound 9 (18 mg, crude yield 100%), which was used directly tonext step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 399

To a solution of compound 9 (18 mg, 0.046 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) wasadded TFA (1 mL) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C.for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 399 (8.8 mg,50%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.69 min in 3 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 346.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.34-7.46 (m, 2H),7.28-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.21 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.55(d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.29-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.14 (m, 1H),2.95-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.22 (m,1H), 1.71-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.48 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 339 Synthesis of Compound 400

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 8 (30 mg, 0.057mmol), CuCN (14 mg, 0.16 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (6 mg, 0.0052 mmol) and DMF (3mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 10 h. The mixture wasfiltered, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 400 (5.8mg, 15%) as a white solid; LCMS: t_(R)=1.65 min in 3 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 371.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.79-7.81 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 4H),3.61-3.65 (d, J=12.4, Hz, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.16 (m,1H), 2.94-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.64 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.69(m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 340 Synthesis of Compound 401

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8A

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenserwas charged with compound 8 (66 mg, 0.126 mmol), Et₃N (4 mL) and Et₂NH(0.8 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (1.2 mg,0.0063 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4.4 mg, 0.0063 mmol). The system wasdegassed once again, then cyclopropyl acetylene (0.8 mL, excess) wasadded and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. (oil bath) overnight. Thesolvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned withethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith ethyl acetate (2×30 mL), the combined organic layers were washedwith brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reducedpressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum: ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 8A (50 mg, 78%) as ayellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8B

To a solution of compound 8A (25 mg, 0.049 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) wasadded Pd/C (5 mg), the mixture was stirred at room temperature under H₂atmosphere (1 atm) for 2 h The reaction mixture was filtered through aCelite pad, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum: ethyl acetate=3:1) togive compound 8A (8 mg, 32%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 401

A solution of compound 4 (8 mg, 0.002 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) washeated at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 15 min. The solvent wasremoved by evaporation in vacuo to yield the crude compound, which waspurified by HPLC to give compound 401 (4.5 mg, 52%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.193 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414 [M+H]⁺;¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz,1H), 7.06 (s, 4H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 3.45-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.32 (m, 1H),3.33 (s, 3H), 2.86-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.71 (m, 3H), 2.54-2.59 (m, 1H),2.11-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.48 (m, 4H); 0.67-0.68 (m,1H), 0.38-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01-0.03 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 341 Synthesis of Compound 402

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 13 (0.40 g, 1.2mmol), KCN (0.15 g, 2.4 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.0 g, 11.0 mmol) inFormamide (20 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 72 h. Thereaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice-water (200 mL). Themixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL), and the combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL). The separated organicphase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The resultingresidue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleumether:ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 14 (70 mg, 18%) as a yellowsolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.40 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 397.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 14 (55 mg, 14mmol), Lawessons reagent (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) washeated at 120° C. for 6 h. After cooling down, the precipitate wasfiltered off and washed with ethyl acetate (2×40 mL). The filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified bypreparative TLC eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (2:1) to givecompound 15 (25 mg, 43%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.21 min in 3min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 413.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 16

A mixture of compound 15 (25 mg, 0.061 mmol), iodomethane (20 mg, 0.14mmol) and K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at ambienttemperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into brine (30mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL). The separatedorganic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo, theresulting residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleumether: ethyl acetate (10:1) to give compound 16 (15 mg, 55%) as a yellowsolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.25 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 441.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 402

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 16 (15 mg, 0.034mmol), NH₄I (30 mg, 0.21 mmol) and a solution of NH₃ in ethanol (2 mL).The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h.After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo andthe residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 402(3.0 mg, 21%) with 99% purity as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.89 min in3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.30-7.40 (s, 2H), 7.10-7.15 (s, 1H), 7.00-7.10 (s, 4H),3.05-3.15 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.70 (m,1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.45(m, 2H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE I-10 Synthesis of Intermediate Hydantoin 4

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (200 mg, 0.49 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (200 mg, 1.46 mmol) and CH₃I (76 mg, 0.51 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered andfiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1)to give compound 2 (175 mg, 85%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (170 mg, 0.4 mmol), compound 2A (112 mg, 0.44mmol), PdCl₂(dppf)₂ (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) and KOAc (118 mg, 1.2 mmol) inanhydrous 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 60 min in a CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative TLC (eluent: petroleum ether:ethylacetate=3:1) to give compound 3 (140 mg, 70%, 67% purity) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (140 mg, 0.39 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was addedAcOH (1 mL) and H₂O₂ (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C.for 10 h. The mixture was quenched by addition of saturated NaHCO₃ (6mL) and then partitioned between EtOAc (2×20 mL) and water (10 mL). Theorganic layers were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give theresidue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent: petroleumether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give hydantoin 4 (89 mg, 70%) as a colorlessoil.

EXAMPLE 342 Synthesis of Compound 403

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (35 mg, 0.25 mmol). After stirring for 5 min,2-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane (30 mg, 0.18 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture wasfiltered, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent: petroleum ether: ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 5 (31 mg, 78%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A suspension of compound 5 (27 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (24mg, 0.06 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 40min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuoand the residue was purified by prep. TLC (eluent: petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 6 (21 mg, 65%, 73% purity) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 403

A solution of compound 6 (21 mg, 0.046 mmol), t-BuOOH (90 mg, 0.9 mmol),NH₃.H₂O (1 mL) in EtOH (3 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 403 (5.0 mg, 25%) as awhite solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.79 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z444.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.47 (d, 1H), 7.05-7.38 (m,5H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.49-4.59 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H),3.08-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.20 (m,1H), 1.70-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 343 Synthesis of Compound 404

According to a similar synthesis of compound 403, hydantoin 4 (30 mg,0.08 mmol) was methylated with CH₃I (13 mg, 0.09 mmol) to give compound4A (15 mg, 50%) as a white solid. Compound 4A (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) wasthen reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (18 mg, 0.04 mmol) to give compound4B (11 mg, 70%) as a white solid. Finally, compound 4B (11 mg, 0.03mmol) was converted to compound 404 (4.60 mg, 40%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.73 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 376.1[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90-7.00(m, 4H), 6.70-6.75 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.55 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H),3.60-3.65 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H,), 2.90-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.90 (m1H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60(s, 2H), 1.10-1.20 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 344 Synthesis of Compound 405, 406 and 407

According to a similar synthesis of compound 403, hydantoin 4 (800 mg,2.2 mmol) was alkylated with 1-bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (350 mg, 2.4 mmol)to give compound 16 (430 mg, 50%) as a white solid. Compound 16 (420 mg,1 mmol) was converted to thiohydantoin 17 (300 mg, 50%) as a white solidby a Lawesson's Reagent (420 mg, 1.05 mmol); Finally, compound 17 (300mg, 0.69 mmol) afforded compound 405 (170 mg, 55%) as a white solid.LCMS: t_(R)=1.553 min in 3 min chromatography, MS ESI m/z 420.1 [M+H]⁺.¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.25-7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H,), 7.05-7.10 (m,4H), 6.90-7.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H,), 6.75-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.00-4.10 (s, 2H),3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.10 (m,1H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80(m, 1H), 1.35-1.40 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 406 and 407

Compound 405 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) was re-purified by preparative SFC togive compound 406 (13.40 mg, 30%) as a white solid, LCMS: t_(R)=1.565min in 3 min chromatography, MS ESI m/z 420.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=1.434min in 8 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.25-7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H,), 7.05-7.10 (s, 4H), 6.90-7.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz,1H,), 6.75-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.00-4.10 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45(m, 4H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 1H),2.50-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.40 (m,2H); and compound 407 (18.10 mg, 32%) as the white solid, LCMS:t_(R)=1.561 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC:t_(R)=3.338 min in 8 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.25-7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H,), 7.05-7.10 (s, 4H), 6.90-7.00 (d,J=8.1 Hz, 1H,), 6.75-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.00-4.10 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H),3.35-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.00 (m,1H), 2.50-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.40(m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 345 Synthesis of Compound 408

According to a similar synthesis of compound 403, hydantoin 4 (44 mg,0.12 mmol) reacted with bromomethylcyclopropane (24 mg, 0.18 mmol) togive compound 2 (29 mg, 61%) as a white solid. Compound 2 (22 mg, 0.05mmol) was then converted to thio-hydantoin 3 (19 mg, 85%, 90% purity)with a Lawesson's Reagent (23 mg, 0.06 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2mL). And compound 3 was further reacted with ammonia under oxidationconditions to give compound 408 as a white solid (7.20 mg, 40%). LCMS:t_(R)=1.81 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 416.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.31-7.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.12 (m, 4H),6.94-6.97 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.41-3.45(d, J=19.2 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.24 (d, J=19.2 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (s, 3H),3.09-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.93-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.61 (m,1H), 2.14-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.27(m, 1H), 0.56-0.64 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.39 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 406 Synthesis of Compound 409

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (700 mg, 1.7 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (700 mg, 5.2 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, 2-iodo-propane (300mg, 1.8 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C.for 10 h. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate(2×40 mL), the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue,which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent: petroleum ether: ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 2 (410 mg, 52%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (180 mg, 0.4 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(180 mg, 0.44 mmol) in dry toluene (4 mL) was heated under 130° C. for35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuoand the residue was purified by column (eluent: petroleum ether:ethylacetate=5:1) to give compound 3 as a white solid (96 mg, 50%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A solution of compound 3 (95 mg, 0.2 mmol), t-BuOOH (1.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O(1.5 mL) in MeOH (8 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. Then, themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (eluent: dichloromethane:MeOH=12:1) to givecompound 4 (47 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.26 min, in 3min chromatography; MS (ESI) m/z 452.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.30-7.35 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90-7.00 (m,5H), 4.05-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H),2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m,1H), 2.05-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.15-1.20(m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 409

A suspension of compound 4 (14 mg, 0.03 mmol), 2-fluoro-3-pyridineboronic acid (5.5 mg, 0.03 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 2.8×10⁻³ mmol) andCs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was heated at 120°C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentratedin vacuo, the residue was purified by prep. HPLC to give compound 409(3.1 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.85 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=469.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.16-8.17 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.03-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.54-7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.10 (m, 4H),4.21-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.57 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.28-3.34 (d, J=15.2Hz, 1H), 3.09-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.93-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.77 (m, 1H),2.57-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m,8H).

EXAMPLE 347 Synthesis of Compound 410

A solution of compound 4 described in Example 346 (10 mg, 0.022 mmol)and Pd/C (2 mg) in MeOH (4 mL) was stirred at 25° C. under H₂ (10 psi)for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuoto give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(Dichloromethane: MeOH=12:1) to give compound 410 (4.3 mg, 55%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.82 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z374.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.20 (m,1H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 5H), 4.05-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15(d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.65 (m,1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.35(m, 6H), 1.15-1.20 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 348 Synthesis of Compound 411

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was addedCuCN (40 mg, 0.44 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (12 mg, 0.01 mmol) under N₂ at roomtemperature. The resulting mixture was stirred 30 min at 180° C. in amicrowave reactor. Water (15 mL) was added and the mixture was extractedwith EtOAc (3×20 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1) togive compound 3 (46 mg, 52%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (46 mg, 0.115 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (70 mg,0.175 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in amicrowave reactor under N₂. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel(petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 4 (19 mg, 40%) asa white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 411

To a solution of compound 4 (19 mg, 0.045 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (10mL) and NH₄OH (2 mL) was added t-BuOOH (0.5 mL, 65% in water). Themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated.Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) were added, and the organic layer wasdried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give the compound 411 (8.1 mg, 44%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.931 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 399 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.78 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.70 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (m, 4H), 4.24 (m,1H), 3.60 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.11 (m, 1H),2.96 (m, 1H), 2.74 (m, 1H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 1.61 (m, 1H),1.48 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.46 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 3H), 1.39 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 349 Synthesis of Compound 412

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A suspension of compound 1 (220 mg, 0.48 mmol), compound 1A (185 mg,0.73 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (70 mg, 0.1 mmol) and KOAc (150 mg, 1.5 mmol) indry 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was heated under 100° C. for 60 min in CEMmicrowave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by column on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethylacetate=3:1) to give compound 2 (300 mg, crude yield 100%) as a yellowsolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (300 mg, 0.6 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was addedAcOH (1 mL) and H₂O₂ (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C.for 10 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ (6 mL) and thenbalanced between EtOAc (2×20 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layerswere collected and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to givecompound 3 (70 mg, 35%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (35 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.30 mmol). After stirring for 5 min,bromomethyl-cyclopropane (13 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered andfiltrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether: ethylacetate=2:1) to give compound 4 (12 mg, 25%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A suspension of compound 4 (13 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (13mg, 0.03 mmol) in dry toluene (1 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 40 minin CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by column (eluent: petroleum ether:ethylacetate=5:1) to give compound 5 (6 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 412

A solution of compound 5 (6 mg, 0.046 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O(0.5 mL) in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. Then, themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 412 (0.8 mg, 15%) as awhite solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.94 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z443.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.45 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.00-7.15 (m, 4H), 6.85-6.90 (d, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50-6.55 (s, 1H),4.15-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (s, 1H,),3.15-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (m 1H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.75 (m,1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.50(m, 6H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.45-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.40 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 350 Synthesis of Compound 413

According to a similar synthesis of compound 412, compound 3 (35 mg,0.09 mmol) was alkylated with trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl ester (23 mg, 0.10 mmol) to give compound 3a (18mg, 45%) as a white solid. A suspension of compound 3a (18 mg, 0.04mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (17 mg, 0.04 mmol) togive compound 3B (8 mg, 45%) as a white solid. Finally, compound 3B (8mg, 0.016 mmol) was converted to compound 413 (1.90 mg, 25%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.93 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 472.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.20 (m, 1H,), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H),6.85-6.90 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50-6.55 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.40 (m, 2H),4.15-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (s, 1H,),3.15-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (m 1H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.75 (m,1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (s, 2H), 1.30-1.50(m, 6H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE I-11 Synthesis of Hydantoin 4

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 346,compound 1 (500 mg, 1.17 mmol) was alkylated with1-Bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (180 mg, 1.3 mmol) to give compound 2 (360 mg,65%) as a white solid. Compound 2 (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) was reacted withLawesson's Reagent (190 mg, 0.47 mmol) to give compound 3 (84 mg, 50%)as a white solid. And compound 3 (80 mg, 0.17 mmol) was converted tohydantoin 4 (55 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

EXAMPLE 351 Synthesis of Compound 414

A suspension of compound 4 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol), 2-fluoro-3-pyridineboronic acid (10 mg, 0.06 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg, 0.005 mmol) andCs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was heated at 120°C. for 15 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 414(5.0 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.086 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=485.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.20-8.25 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.70 (d, J=4.8 Hz,1H), 7.55-7.60 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H),3.80-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.35 (s,3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.70(m, 1H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 352 Synthesis of Compound 415

Following a similar synthesis of compound 414, compound 4 (25 mg, 0.05mmol) was reacted with 5-fluoro-3-pyridine boronic acid (10 mg, 0.06mmol) to give compound 415 (3.7 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS:t_(R)=1.088 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=485.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹⁹FNMR: (CD₃OD 19f): δ −128.50. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.20-8.25 (s,1H), 8.50-8.55 (s, 1H), 8.30-8.35 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.50-7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.55 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.15 (s,1H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.35(m, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.90 (m, 1H),2.55-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m,2H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 353 Synthesis of Compound 416

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2A

A suspension of compound 2 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol), CuCN (27 mg, 0.30 mmol)and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (17 mg, 0.02 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) was heated at180° C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 2A (34mg, 55%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2B

A suspension of compound 2A (34 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(35 mg, 0.09 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated under 130° C.for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo and the residue was purified by column on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 2B (16 mg, 40%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 416

A solution of compound 2B (16 mg, 0.04 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O(0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture wasconcentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 416 (1.70 mg, 10%) as a white solid.LCMS: t_(R)=1.028 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.50-7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.45(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H,), 7.10-7.15 (s, 1H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.65 (m,2H), 3.40-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.90(m, 1H), 2.55-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H),1.50-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 354 Synthesis of Compound 417

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (4.27 g, 21 mmol) and DMAP (0.029 g, 0.24mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN (40 mL) was added TMSCN (2.82 g, 28.4 mmol) viaa syringe under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The reactionmixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature, and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give crude compound 2 (6.35 g, 100%)which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (6.35 g, 21 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was addedLiHMDS (1 M in THF, 22 mL, 22 mmol) via a syringe at −78° C. under anitrogen atmosphere. After 1 h a solution of compound 2A (3.31 g, 20.66mmol) in THF (32 mL) was added dropwise at −78° C. The mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for 1.5 h then quenched by addition of a solution ofsat. NH₄Cl (50 mL), the resulting mixture was stirred overnight at roomtemperature, extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over sodiumsulfate, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: THF=40:1) to givecompound 3 (3.21 g, 42%) as a light yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (3.21 g, 8.8 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was addedt-BuOK (1.19 g, 10.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to refluxfor 50 min, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (30 mL),extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine (2×30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated invacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silicagel (petroleum ether: EtOAc=40:1) to give compound 4 (1.57 g, 51%) as ayellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (800 mg, 2.34 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (16 mL) wasadded TiCl₄ (4.10 mL, 1.0 M in dichloromethane, 4.10 mmol) dropwise.After stirring for 1 h at room temperature,bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (1.20 g, 6.45 mmol) was added, and thefinal mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reactionwas quenched by addition of ice-water (30 mL) and stirred for 15 min,extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 5(840 mg, crude) which was used for the next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (840 mg, 2.30 mmol) in EtOH (8 mL) and H₂O(8 mL) was added KCN (596 mg, 9.18 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (2.23 g, 23mmol). The reaction was heated at 75° C. overnight. The reaction wascooled to room temperature, and was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL), washedwith water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 6(800 mg, 80% crude) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 300 MHz): δ 11.02(s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 3H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (600 mg, 1.46 mmol) in toluene (24 mL) wasadded Lawesson's reagent (647 mg, 1.60 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactorat 130° C. for 40 min. The solvent was removed and the residue waspurified by chromatography (petroleum ether: EtOAc=20:1) to affordcompound 7 (570 mg, 90%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (570 mg, 1.33 mmol) in CH₃CN (45 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (554 mg, 3.99 mmol) followed by MeI (1.17 g, 7.97 mmol). Thereaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min and then at 100° C. for10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The solution was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified bychromatography (petroleum ether: EtOAc=30:1) to afford compound 8 (420mg, 69%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=8.8 Hz,1H), 7.06 (s, 4H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.39(m, 7H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.36 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 417

To a solution of compound 8 (20 mg, 0.044 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) wasadded NH₄I (52 mg, 0.35 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 120°C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 2 h. The solvent was removed and theresidue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 417 (4.2mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.199 min in 2 minchromatography, m/z 428.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.58 (m,2H), 7.19 (s, 4H), 6.98 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.73-2.55 (m,4H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.52 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 355 Synthesis of Compound 418

To a solution of compound 417 (40 mg, 0.094 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL)was added compound 11 (23 mg, 0.19 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (10 mg) and aq.Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2M in H₂O). The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C.in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min under a nitrogen atmosphere. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purifiedby preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 418 (8 mg, 20%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.016 min in 2 min chromatography, m/z 425.2 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 8.93 (m, 1H), 8.66 (m, 1H), 8.45 (m, 1H), 7.83(m, 3H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 5H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.61 (m,3H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.57 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 356 Synthesis of Compound 419

According to a similar synthesis of compound 418, compound 417 (20 mg,0.047 mmol) was reacted with compound 12 (14 mg, 0.094 mmol) to givecompound 419 (7.5 mg, 36%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.237 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 449.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ7.96 (m, 2H), 7.77-7.59 (m, 4H), 7.14 (m, 5H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.21 (s,3H), 2.69 (m, 3H), 2.33 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.53 (m, 2).

EXAMPLE 357 Synthesis of Compound 420

According to a similar synthesis of compound 418, compound 417 (20 mg,0.047 mmol) was coupled with compound 1A (12 mg, 0.094 mmol) to givecompound 420 (6.1 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.265 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 424.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ7.38-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.06-7.07 (s,1H), 6.97 (s, 4H), 6.87-6.89 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H).

EXAMPLE 358 Synthesis of Compound 421

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

To a solution of compound 417 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added(Boc)₂O (32 mg, 0.14 mmol), Et₃N (14 mg, 0.14 mmol) and DMAP (5 mg, 0.04mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight.The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=5:1) to givecompound 9 (60 mg, 99%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (60 mg, 0.11 mmol) in Et₃N (5 mL) and Et₂NH(1 mL) was added CuI (22 mg, 0.11 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (32 mg, 0.046mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was sealed and9A (75 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at50° C. overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, andthe residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=4:1)to give compound 10 (38 mg, 65%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300MHz): δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.28 (m, 3H), 7.07 (m, 4H), 7.03 (s,1), 6.82 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.58 (m, 3H),2.14 (m, 1H) 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.37 (m, 2H),0.71 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 421

Compound 10 (38 mg, 0.074 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) andheated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 15 min. The solvent wasremoved and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to affordcompound 421 (12 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.257 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ7.38 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (s, 4H), 6.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (m,2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.65 (m, 3H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.48 (m,1H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 329 Synthesis of Compound 422

To a solution of compound 421 (10 mg, 0.0243 mmol) in THF (3 mL) wasadded Pd/C (10 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphereat room temperature for 3 h. The solution was filtered and the filtratewas concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparativeHPLC to afford compound 422 (3 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.305 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 416.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.22 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 5H), 6.91 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m, 5H), 2.26 (m, 1H),1.63-1.42 (m, 4H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.49 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 330 Synthesis of Compound 423

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9A

To a solution of compound 9 (22 mg, 0.043 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was addedPd/C (10 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere atroom temperature for 3 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated to give compound 9A (11 mg, 60%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 423

Compound 9A (11 mg, 0.024 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) andheated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 15 min. The solvent wasremoved and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to affordcompound 423 (3 mg, 19%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.145 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 348.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.31 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (m, 4H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 3.22(m, 2H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.56 (m, 3H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 361 Synthesis of Compound 424

To a solution of compound 9 (30 mg, 0.057 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was addedCuCN (25 mg, 0.29 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (3 mg) under N₂. The reactionmixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 1 h. Water(10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3).The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to givecompound 424 (3 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.148 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 373.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.83 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 5H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.58 (m,3H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.56 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE I-12 Synthesis of Hydantoin 6C

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6A

To a solution of compound 6 (820 mg, 1.99 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and CH₃CN(10 mL) was added compound K₂CO₃ (332 mg, 2.39 mmol) and MeI (0.18 mL,2.99 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2h. CH₃CN was removed and water (80 mL) was added, extracted with EtOAc(50 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified bychromatography (petroleum ether: EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 6A (650mg, 77%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6B

To a solution of compound 6A (560 mg, 1.526 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (15 mL)was added 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane)(465 mg, 1.831 mmol), KOAc (449 mg, 4.578 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) underN₂. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. in a CEM microwavereactor for 1 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated to give compound 6B (1 g, crude), which was used for thenext step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6C

To a solution of compound 6B (1 g, crude) in THF (80 mL) was added H₂O₂(1.5 mL) and HOAc (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with NaHSO₃ solution(50 mL). After stirring for 30 min, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc(50 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparativeTLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 6C (400 mg with 50%purity).

EXAMPLE 362 Synthesis of Compound 425

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6C (150 mg, 0.206 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (34 mg, 0.24 mmol) followed by (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (42mg, 0.309 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 days. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20mL×2). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparativeTLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 7 (40 mg, 47%) as awhite solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.18 (s, 4H), 6.81 (s, 2H), 6.51(s, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 3.64 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.96 (s,3H), 2.57 (m, 3H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 1H), 1.15 (m,1H), 0.53 (m, 2H), 0.25 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (40 mg, 0.0957 mmol) in dry toluene (1 mL)was added Lawesson's reagent (58 mg, 0.143 mmol) under N₂. The reactionmixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 60 min. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 8 (24mg, 57%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 425

To a solution of compound 8 (24 mg, 0.055 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) andNH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (162 mg, 1.11 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed thereaction was completed. The solvent was removed and the residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 425 (9.0 mg, 39%) as awhite solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.231 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z418.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (m, 4H), 6.98 (m, 3H), 3.79(d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m, 3H), 2.27 (m,1H), 1.67-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, 1H), 0.61 (m, 2H), 0.32 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 363 Synthesis of Compound 426

According to a similar synthesis of compound 425, compound 6C (100 mg,0.137 mmol) was alkylated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethyltrifluoromethanesulfonate (96 mg, 0.412 mmol) to give compound 9 (35 mg,81%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (s, 4H), 6.87 (s,2H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.64-2.47(m, 3H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.42 (m, 1H). Compound 9 (35 mg,0.0783 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (47 mg, 0.117mmol) under N₂ to give compound 10 (29 mg, 81%) as a white solid.Finally, compound 10 (29 mg, 0.063 mmol) was converted to compound 426(8.0 mg, 29%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.241 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 446.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.05 (m, 6H), 6.94 (m, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H),2.62-2.47 (m, 3H), 2.21 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.41 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F400 MHz): δ −70.293, −71.342

EXAMPLE 364 Synthesis of Compound 427

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (100 mg, 0.243 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (41 mg, 0.292 mmol) and 2-iodopropane (1A) (45 mg, 0.267 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Water (15mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). Theorganic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 2 (68 mg, 62%) as a whitesolid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (m, 5H),6.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.48(m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.32 (m, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (68 mg, 0.149 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL)was added Lawesson's reagent (91 mg, 0.224 mmol) under N₂. The reactionmixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 1 h. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 3 (46mg, 66%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 427

To a solution of compound 3 (46 mg, 0.0977 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) andNH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (286 mg, 1.95 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed thereaction was completed. The solvent was removed and the residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 427 (13 mg, 30%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.278 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z454.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.98(d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.53(m, 3H), 2.24 (m, 1H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 365 Synthesis of Compound 428

To a solution of compound 427 (30 mg, 0.066 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) wasadded CuCN (40 mg, excess) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated ina CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 1 h. Water (10 mL) was added andthe mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer waswashed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 428 (2.1 mg,8%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.223 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 401.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.81 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 5H), 4.26 (m,1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.57 (m, 3H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.53 (m, 2H),1.49 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE I-13 Synthesis of (1s,4s)-ethyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(7)-Method 1

Step 1: Preparation ofN-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(4)

To a solution of6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (3) (923 mg,2.99 mmol) and 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (1.450 g, 11.96 mmol, 4eq.) in anhydrous THF (75 mL) was added Ti(OEt)₄ (5.46 g, 4.96 mL, 23.92mmol, 8.0 eq). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux overnight.LC-MS showed ca. 45% conversion. After another 8 h, no furtherimprovement. To the refluxing mixture was added2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (0.725 g, 5.98 mmol, 2 eq.) and Ti(OEt)₄(2.73 g, 2.5 mL, 11.96 mmol, 4.0 eq) and followed by another equalportions of 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide and Ti(OEt)₄ after 14 hours.The reaction mixture was refluxed for another 2 days, 93% conversionachieved at this point. The reaction was quenched with brine (3 mL)after cooled down to room temperature. The mixture was stirred foranother 30 min before filtered through a short pad of Celite®. Thefilter cake was washed with EA, and the filtrate was concentrated todryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography. Thefraction of desired product with 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide wasdissolved in EA (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (45mL), 1 M NaOH (40 mL) and brine successively. Solvent was removed underreduced pressure after dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered to afford 0.968 gof the desired product 4 as a light yellow solid. MS ESI+ve m/z 412(M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Preparation ofN-(6′-bromo-1′-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(5)

To solution of ethyl vinyl ether (1) (269 mg, 357 μL, 3.73 mmol, 5 eq.)in dry THF (10 mL) chilled to −78° C. under N₂ was added 1.7 M t-BuLi inheptanes (1.75 mL, 2.98 mmol, 4 eq.) dropwise within 10 min. Thetemperature of the resulting yellow clear solution¹ was allowed to warmto 0° C. slowly within 30 min. By removing dry ice and adding water todry ice-acetone bath, finally the cooling bath was replaced with a icewater bath. The color changed from yellow to nearly colorless afterbeing stirred ca 5 min at 0° C. Then the lithium regent solution (2) wascooled to −78° C. again and cannulated to a solution of startingmaterial 4 (307.5 mg, 0.746 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) at −78° C. withpositive pressure. The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperaturefor another 30 min. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueousNH₄Cl and extracted with ether and EA, the combined organic phases werewashed with water and brine, dried, and filtered. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to generate off-white foam, which waspurified by flash chromatography on silica gel 9:1 eluted with EA inhexane (0-40%) to produce the desired product 5 and its diastereomers ina ratio (321 mg, yield 89%). MS ESI+ve m/z 484 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of ethyl6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(6)

To a solution ofN-(6′-bromo-1′-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(5) (200 mg, 0.48 mmol) in acetone (15 mL) at room temperature (23° C.)was added a KMnO₄ solution (5.8 mL, prepared by dissolving 9.5 g ofKMnO₄ in 100 mL of H₂O). The mixture was stirred room temperature for 16h. Another portion of KMnO₄ solution (2.2 mL) was added and stirredanother 12 h. The reaction was quenched with 5% NaHSO₃, stirring untilcolorless clear solution achieved before combined. The combined organicphases were extracted with EA 2 times, washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, evaporated after filtration. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel eluted with EA in hexane (0-60%) to affordthe desired amino ester (6) (62.8 mg, 31%). MS ESI+ve m/z 486 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of ethyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(7)

To a solution of ethyl6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(6) (62.8 mg, 0.129 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added a 4 M HCl solution indioxane (2 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. Solventwas removed under reduced pressure, and the residue 7 was used for nextstep without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 382 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE I-14 Synthesis of (1s,4s)-ethyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(7)-Method 2

Step 1.N-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide(8)

To a mixture of6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (3) (0.9822g, 3.18 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide)(SESNH₂)(0.6338 g, 3.50 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in C1CH₂CH₂Cl (10 mL), cooledto 0° C., were successively added Et₃N (0.9 mL, 6.46 mmol, 2.0 equiv)and TiCl₄ (1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 3.4 mL, 3.4 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After 10 min,the ice bath was removed. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 h and then heated at 110° C. for 42 h. The reactionmixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water, andextracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) andevaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica geleluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 1.3685 g (91%) ofN-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide(8) as a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 472,474 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.78 (br s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.2,1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.21 (m, 3H),2.98 (s, 2H), 2.16-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.57 (m, 2H),1.42-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.10 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 189.97, 151.30, 137.91, 133.35, 127.50, 121.43, 78.10, 55.80,51.79, 51.39, 39.55, 33.97, 28.60, 9.98, −1.93.

Step 2.N-(6′-bromo-1′-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide(9)

To a solution of ethyl vinyl ether (7 mL, 73 mmol) in THF (10 mL) wasadded dropwise a solution of 1.7 M t-BuLi in pentane (26 mL, 44 mmol) at−78° C. under nitrogen. After 10 min, the reaction mixture was cooled inan ice bath and stirred for 45 min. To a solution ofN-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide(2) (1.3508 g, 2.86 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added a solution of-ethoxyvinyllithium, obtained as described above, at −78° C. undernitrogen via a cannula. After 2 h, LC-MS indicated the disappearance ofstarting material. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturatedNaHCO₃ (5 mL) and saturated brine (20 mL) and then vigorously stirred atroom temperature for 1 h. The mixture was extracted three times withEtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andevaporated. The crude product 9 (1.7654 g) was directly used in the nextstep without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.43 min in 3 minchromatography, m/z 544, 546 (MH⁺), 480, 482.

Step 3. ethyl6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(10)

To a solution of NaIO₄ (5.9503 g, 27.82 mmol) in water (40 mL) was addedRuCl₃ hydrate (0.0526 g, 0.25 mmol) followed by a solution of crudeN-(6′-bromo-1′-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide(9) (1.0894 g), obtained as described above, in EtOAc (60 mL). Theresulting mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 30 minand LC-MS indicated the disappearance of starting material. The organiclayer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice withEtOAc. The combined organic layers was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andevaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica geleluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford ethyl6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(10) (0.5329 g, 50% in two steps). LC-MS t_(R)=2.27 min in 3 minchromatography, m/z 568, 570 (MNa⁺), 333, 335; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.90 (s, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.25(m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.80 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H),2.16-2.04 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.22 (m,7H), 0.95-0.88 (m, 1H), 0.80-0.72 (m, 1H), 0.65-0.57 (m, 1H), −0.17 (s,9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 170.13, 142.21, 140.91, 132.97, 132.25,126.52, 119.45, 78.49, 75.10, 61.87, 55.79, 53.06, 50.92, 38.15, 28.64,28.38, 28.33, 27.82, 14.18, 9.98, −2.28.

Step 4. ethyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(7)

A mixture of ethyl6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(10) (0.2229 g, 0.41 mmol) and CsF (0.7893 g, 5.20 mmol) in DMF (2 mL)was heated at 110° C. for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with MeOH, andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was extracted with Et₂O, filteredthrough Celite® 545, and evaporated. The crude product was purified byreversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column,10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford ethyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(6) (165.8 mg, 82%) as a TFA salt; LC-MS t_(R)=1.17 min in 3 minchromatography, m/z 382, 384 (MH⁺), 365, 367, 333, 335; ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD) δ 7.47-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (q, J=7.1 Hz,2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.96 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.00-1.97(m, 2H), 1.55-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.21 (m, 4H), 1.14 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H);¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 169.72, 143.43, 140.85, 134.40, 128.80,128.11, 121.64, 79.44, 75.09, 64.34, 56.10, 52.49, 40.03, 31.05, 29.50,29.44, 28.87, 14.24.

EXAMPLE I-15 Chiral Synthesis of (1r,1′S,4S)-ethyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(14)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 11

The titled compound was synthesized according to the method described inExample 1-13 step 1, compound 11 in similar yield starting from compound3 and (R_(s))-tert-butylsulfinamide.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 12

To a solution of compound ethoxy-ethene (7.25 g, 0.101 mol) in anhydrousTHF (100 mL) at −78° C. under a N₂ atmosphere was added dropwise oft-BuLi (63 mL, 0.10 mol, 1.6 M in hexane) and stirred for 20 min. Theresulting mixture was then stirred at 0° C. for another 45 min. To thesolution obtained formerly at −78° C. was added dropwise of compound 11(8.24 g, 0.02 mol) in anhydrous THF (300 mL) and stirred for 2.5 h. Thereaction was quenched with sat. NH₄Cl (50 mL) and extracted with ethylacetate (3×50 mL). The organic phase was concentrated to give theresidue which was purified by column on silica gel (petroleum/ethylacetate=10/1) and further purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to givecompound 12 (5.2 g, 65%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.351 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 484.1, 486.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=3.76min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.82(s, 1H), 7.37-7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33(s, 1H), 4.31-4.32 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.23 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H),3.80-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.99 (d, J=15.6Hz, 1H), 2.56-2.60 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (s, 1H), 1.86-1.94 (m, 2H),1.73-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.37 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.27-1.16 (m, 3H), 1.00(s, 9H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 13

Compound 12 (5.0 g, 10.33 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1 (100mL) and pyridine (20 mL) was added, the mixture was chilled to −78° C.and ozone was bubbled through the mixture for 20 min, the mixturechanged from colorless to blue, TLC showed that the reaction wascompleted. The mixture was purged with N₂ and treated with Me₂S at −78°C., then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. Thesolvent was removed in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparativeTLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=3/1) to give compound 13 (4.5 g, 90%) as awhite solid and one portion of the crude product was further purified bypreparative HPLC (basic) to give compound 3 (43.30 mg) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.316 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 486.1, 488.1[M+H]⁺.SFC: t_(R)=4.37 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77-7.78 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.51 (dd, J=2.0,8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.39 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s,3H), 3.07-3.14 (d, J=27.2 Hz, 2H), 2.72-2.76 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H),2.11-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.44 (m,6H), 1.17 (s, 9H), 0.98-1.09 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

To a solution of compound 13 (4.5 g, 9.26 mmol) in MeOH (25 mL) wasadded a 4 M HCl solution in dioxane (10 mL). The resulting mixture wasstirred for 30 min. LC-MS shown no starting material left and productwas about 70% purity. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure to givecrude product 14 (3.0 g, 85%) as a colorless oil; the residue was usedfor next step without further purification and one portion of the crudeproduct was further purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give 14(39.70 mg) as a colorless oil. LC-MS t_(R)=0.894 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 404.1, 406.1 [M+Na]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.25 minin 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (d,J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.40 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.18 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.03(q, J=15.6 Hz, 14.0 Hz, 2H), 2.02-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.66 (m, 1H),1.30-1.51 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.23 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE I-16 Chiral Synthesis of (1r,1′R,4R)-ethyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(18)

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example I-15. LC-MSt_(R)=0.894 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 404.1, 406.1[M+Na]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.25 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.40 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz,1H), 7.16-7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H),3.14-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.03 (q, J=15.6 Hz, 14.0 Hz, 2H), 2.02-2.06 (m,2H), 1.58-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.51 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.23 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE I-17 Synthesis of Methyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

Step 1. Preparation of(S)-2-((5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)amino)-2-phenylethanol

A mixture ofcis-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′14)-one (2.0105g, 6.50 mmol), (S)-(+)-2-phenylglycinol (0.9290 g, 6.77 mmol), andp-TsOH monohydrate (0.0640 g, 0.34 mmol) in toluene was refluxed with aDean-Stark trap for 2 d and LC-MS indicated about 70% conversion ofstarting material. After removal of the solvent at reduced pressure, thecrude product was directly used in the next step without furtherpurification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 428, 430(MH⁺).

Step 2. Preparation of6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carbonitrile

A solution of(S)-2-((5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)amino)-2-phenylethanol,obtained as described above, in dry CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) was cooled withice-water, and then TMSCN (1.8 mL, 13.5 mmol) and dry MeOH (3.6 mL) wereadded. The cooling bath was removed, and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 24 h. After removal of the solvent atreduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next stepwithout further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.02 min in 3 minchromatography, m/z 455, 457 (MH⁺).

Step 3. Preparation of methyl6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

The6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carbonitrile,obtained as described above, was dissolved in 40 mL of saturatedmethanolic HCl. The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. for 18 h.The methanol was evaporated and the residue was diluted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO₃, water, andbrine, respectively, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After removal of thesolvent, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel elutedwith hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.2166 g (7%) of amino esters as amixture of diastereomers, and recovered 1.5226 g (75%) ofcis-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one.

The amino esters was further purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20mL/min) to afford methyl6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylateas a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.96 min in 3 min chromatography, t_(R)=9.49(major), 9.99 (minor) min in 16 min chromatography as a ratio of (93:7),m/z 488, 490 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.21-6.95 (m, 8H), 4.17(dd, J=10, 4 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.65 (dd, J=11, 4 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (t,J=10 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.29-2.15 (m, 2H),1.93-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.27 (m, 3H), 0.99-0.93 (m, 1H).

Step 4. methyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

To a solution of methyl6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(0.0180 g, 0.03 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) and MeOH (1.5 mL) was addedPb(OAc)₄ (0.0500 g, 0.11 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred for 2 h.After the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure, the residuewas purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90%MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0136g (94%) of methyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylateas a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.11 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 368,370 (MH⁺), 351, 353, 319, 321; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.57-7.54 (m,2H), 7.31 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.15 (m,2H), 3.04 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 2.09-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.29 (m, 6H); ¹³CNMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 170.36, 143.46, 140.64, 134.50, 128.89, 128.09,121.70, 79.44, 75.22, 56.11, 54.06, 52.58, 39.97, 31.11, 29.52, 29.44,28.88.

EXAMPLE 366 Synthesis of Compound 429

Step 1: Preparation of isothiocyanide 2

Crude compound 1 (0.13 mmol) was added to a solution of NaHCO₃ (714 mg,8.5 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL) and DCM (1 mL) which was chilled at 0° C., tothis stirred mixture was added thiophosgene (12 μL, 18.4 mg, 0.16 mmol)and stirred for 30 h at ° C., then another portion of thiophosgene (8μL, 0.11 mmol). The reaction was diluted with DCM and the separatedorganic phase was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrousNa₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to produce the desired product(1s,4s)-ethyl6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(2) as an oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Thiohydantoin 3

To a solution of (1s,4s)-ethyl6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(2) obtained in previous step in THF (3 mL) was added tert-butylamine(0.2 mL), and stirred for 12 h. The reaction was diluted with EA washedwith 1 M HCl, brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was dissolved in toluene (3 mL) and refluxed2.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue wasused for next step without further purification. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) andhexane (2 mL) and evaporated to afford 209 mg of6-bromo-1′-methyl-2-phenyl-2′-thioxo-2′,3′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[chromaN-4,4′-pyrimidin]-6′(5′H)-one(3) as a white foam. This product was used for next without furtherpurification. MS ESI+ve m/z 451 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3:Preparation of Acylguanidine 4

To the solution of above crude product in 7 M NH₃ solution in MeOH (8mL) was added tBuO₂H solution (5 M in nonane, 1 mL). The resultingmixture was stirred overnight before diluted with EA, then washed with5% NaHSO₃, and brine successively, and dried over Na₂SO₄. Solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by preparativeHPLC to afford the desired product 2.51 mg as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z434 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.60 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.51 (dd, J=8.4,2.0, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H),3.18 (m, 1H), 3.12 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (m,1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.68 (s, 9H), 1.48-1.27 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 367 Synthesis of Compound 430

The title compound was made by the method described in example 27. MSESI+ve m/z 457 (M+H)⁺. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.21 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H),3.19 (m, 1H), 3.13 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.92(m, 1H), 1.69 (s, 9H), 1.48-1.42 (m, 3H), 1.37-1.29 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 368 Synthesis of Compound 431

Step 1

A mixture of (1s,4s)-ethyl6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(110 mg, 0.26 mmol) and oxetaN-3-amine (80 mg, 1.09 mmol) was stirred atroom temperature for 2 h and concentrated to dry give the desiredproduct. MS ESI+ve m/z 451 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2

To the solution of above crude product (35 mg, 0.078 mmol) in 7 M NH₃solution in MeOH (3 mL) was added tBuO₂H solution (5 M in nonane, 0.6mL). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight before diluted with EA,then washed with 5% NaHSO₃, and brine successively, and dried overNa₂SO₄. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to afford the desired product 6.3 mg as TFAsalt. MS ESI+ve m/z 434 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.24 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ: 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26(m, 1H), 5.14 (m, 2H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.17 (d, J=16.0 Hz,1H), 3.16 (m, 1H), 3.08 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H),1.92 (m, 1H), 1.69 (s, 9H), 1.52 (dd, J=13.6, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 1.47-1.41 (m,2H), 1.36-1.28 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 369 Synthesis of Compound 432

General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To compound 1 (200 mg, 0.523 mmol) was added CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), H₂O (10 mL)and NaHCO₃ (439 mg, 5.23 mmol). To this stirred mixture was addedthiophosgene (144 mg, 1.26 mmol.) was added. The mixture was stirred for50 min, LC-MS shown no starting material left. After extracted withCH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL), washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried and solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure to give crude compound 2 (200 mg, 90%) asa yellow oil, which was used for next step without further purification.

General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (50 mg, 0.118 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was addedcompound 2A (24 mg, 0.236 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight atr.t., LC-MS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction was dilutedwith EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with 1 M HCl (2×5 mL) to remove excessamine, followed by saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×10 mL) and brine (2×10mL) washing. Solvent was removed after dried over Na₂SO₄ to give crudecompound 3 (50 mg, 88%) as a yellow oil. The residue was used for nextstep without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 432

To a solution of compound 3 (50 mg, 0.104 mmol) in MeOH (5 ml) and NH₄OH(1 ml) was added a solution of t-BuO₂H (289 mg, 2.09 mmol, 65% inwater). The mixture was stirred overnight and evaporated to removesolvent. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to givecompound 432 (7.0 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.962 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z 462.1, 464.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.41-7.43 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 3.99-4.08 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz,2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 3.00-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.58 (m,2H), 1.89-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.29-1.43 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 370 Synthesis of Compound 433

1. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 2 (50 mg, 0.118 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was addedcompound 2B (31 mg, 0.236 mmol) and Et₃N (24 mg, 0.236 mmol). Themixture was stirred overnight at r.t., LC-MS showed only haveintermediate, EtONa (16 mg, 0.236 mmol) was added, the mixture wasstirred overnight at r.t., LC-MS showed the reaction completed, thereaction was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with 1 M HCl (2×5 mL)to remove excess amine, followed by saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×10 mL)and brine (2×10 mL) washing. Solvent was removed after dried over Na₂SO₄to give crude compound 4 (50 mg, 97%) as a yellow oil. The residue wasused for next step without further purification.

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 433

To a solution of compound 4 (50 mg, 0.114 mmol) in MeOH (5 ml) and NH₄OH(1 ml) was added a solution of t-BuO₂H (317 mg, 2.28 mmol, 65% inwater). The mixture was stirred overnight and evaporated to removesolvent. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to givecompound 433 (10.0 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.971 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421.1, 423.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.40-7.42 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.10 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.09 (m,2H), 2.87-2.91 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 6H), 1.92-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.71 (m, 1H),1.28-1.42 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 371 Synthesis of Compound 434

The titled compound as a white solid was synthesized as described inExample 369, starting from compound 2 and 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine.LC-MS t_(R)=0.717 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 475.2, 477.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.42 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.22-7.24 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H),3.14 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.96-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.61(m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.89-2.16 (m, 6H), 1.56-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.42(m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 372 Synthesis of Compound 435

Step 1

To chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (1.6 mL, 2.60 g, 18.38 mmol) in toluene (8mL) was added formic acid (0.69 mL, 846 mg, 18.38 mmol) dropwise. Themixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature and concentrated todry to afford sulfamoyl chloride, which was used without purification.

To a solution of alcohol (226 mg, 0.69 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (3mL) at 0° C. under N₂ atmosphere was added sulfamoyl chloride (241 mg,2.08 mmol, 3 eq.). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. The reaction was diluted with EA and washed with H₂O, andbrine successively, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and evaporatedunder reduced pressure to afford the crude product, which was used fornext step without future purification.

Step 2

To a solution of above crude product in dry DCM (10 mL) under N₂atmosphere was added MgO (64 mg, 1.59 mmol, 2.3 eq.), Rh₂(OAc)₄ (11 mg,3.6 mmol %) and PhI(OAc)₂ (244 mg, 0.76 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resultingmixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature, then filtered through ashort pad of MgSO₄ and washed with DCM. The filtrate was evaporated andresidue was purified by silica gel column and eluted with EA/hexane(0-60%) to afford the desired product 168 mg as white solid.

Step 3

To a solution of above product (138 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) at roomtemperature was added allyl iodide (0.4 mL), Bu₄NCl (16 mg, 0.058 mmol)and 40% NaOH (3 mL). The reaction mixture was extracted with DCM afterstirred overnight. The organic phase was washed with H₂O, brinesuccessively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, andconcentrated to dryness to produce the desired product.

Step 4

To a solution of tert-butyl hydroxy(methyl)carbamate (600 mg, 4.08 mmol,prepared according the procedure described in Org. Lett 2007, 9, 4009)in anhydrous DMF (2.5 mL) at room temperature under N₂ atmosphere wasadded NaH (60%, 163 mg, 4.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 min,then a solution of above crude product in anhydrous DMF (1.5 mL) wasadded. The resulting mixture was stirred 16 h. The reaction was quenchedwith saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and extracted with EA, the separatedorganic phase was washed with H₂O, brine successively, and dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residuewas used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 509(M+H)⁺.

Step 5

A solution of above product and RhCl₃ nH₂O in EtOH (5 mL) was refluxedfor 3 h and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 20% TFA in DCMand stirred for 30 min. The reaction was concentrated and purified bypreparative HPLC to afford the desire product as TFA salt. It wasdissolved in DCM and washed with aqueous NaHCO₃ and bring, and driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to dryness toafford 4.5 mg of the desire product as free amine. MS ESI+ve m/z 369(M+H)⁺.

Step 6

To a solution of above product (4.5 mg, 0.012 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) wasadded a solution of cyanogen bromide (0.2 M in THF, 0.2 mL, 0.04 mmol).The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC toafford the desire product as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 394 (M+H)⁺. t_(R):1.31 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.52 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd,J=7.6, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H),4.09 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 3.06(d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.85 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.70 (dd,J=13.6, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.61 (td, J=13.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.51-1.29 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 373 Synthesis of Compound 436

Step 1

To a solution of(1s,4s)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (353mg, 1.14 mmol) in anhydrous THF (8 mL) at −78° C. was added a solutionof vinylmagnesiun bromide in THF (1 M, 5.7 mL, 5.7 mmol) dropwise. Thereaction temperature was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirredfor another 1 h. The reaction was chilled to 0° C. and quenched withsat. aq. NH₄Cl and extracted with ethyl ether (2×20 mL). The combinedorganic phases were washed with H₂O, brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purifiedthrough flash chromatography on silica gel to afford 320 mg of(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′-ol.MS ESI+ve m/z 319 (M+H—H₂O)⁺.

Step 2

The mixture of(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′-ol(162 mg, 0.48 mmol) and thiourea (55 mg, 0.72 mmol) in HOAc (3 mL) and 1M HCl (1.2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 20 min then 40° C.for 12 h. The solvents was removed under reduced pressure to give 252 mgof a mixture of2-((1r,4r)-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)ethylcarbamimidothioate HCl salt and thiourea. It was used for next stepwithout purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 395 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3

Above mixture of2-((1r,4r)-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)ethylcarbamimidothioate HCl salt and thiourea (98 mg, ca. 0.187 mmol) wasdissolved in TFA (1.5 mL) contain MeSO₃H (0.15 mL) and stirred at roomtemperature for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with sat NaHCO₃. Theseparated aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate once and thecombined organic phases were washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄,and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purifiedby preparative HPLC to afford 69 mg of the desired product as TFA salt.MS ESI+ve m/z 395 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.25 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD):7.50-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.36 (s,3H), 3.03 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (m, 1H),2.34 (m, 1H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.43-1.32 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 374 Synthesis of Compound 437

A mixture of compound 436 (15.9 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronicacid (20 mg, 0.14 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) and a catalyticamount of PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) was heatedat 110° C. in microwave oven for 15 min and 130° C. in microwave ovenfor another 10 min. 10 mL of water was added and extracted with EA, theseparated organic phase was washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄,and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purifiedthrough preparative HPLC to give the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 418(M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.37 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H),7.46 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.36 (m, 1H), 3.23 (m, 2H),2.5-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 4H),1.45-1.39 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 375 Synthesis of Compound 438

A mixture of compound 436 (41 mg, 0.08 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (72 mg, 0.22 mmol)and a catalytic amount of PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ in toluene (3 mL) was de-gasedand purged with N₂ 3 times, then, followed by addingtributyl(cyclopropylethynyl)stannane (43 mg, 0.12 mmol). The resultingmixture was heated at 130° C. in microwave oven for 10 min. The reactionwas diluted with EA, washed with aqueous CsF solution, and brinesuccessively, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated and the residue was purified through preparative HPLC togive the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 381 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.47 min. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 3.36(s, 3H), 3.35-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.05 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (d, J=16.4 Hz,1H), 2.46 (m, 1H), 2.33 (m, 1H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.34 (m, 7H), 0.88(m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 376 Synthesis of Compound 439

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example 373 startingfrom compound 1. LC-MS t_(R)=0.772 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 397, 399 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.53 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H),7.42 (dd, J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.27-3.37 (m, 6H),2.49-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.69 (m,5H).

EXAMPLE 377 Synthesis of Compound 440

A solution containing compound 1A (19 mg, 0.126 mmol) and compound 1 (50mg, 0.126 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.2 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 1.5mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through thereaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.006 mmol) wasadded. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwavereactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 35 min. TLC showed that thereaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuoand the residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane: EtOAc=5:1) andpreparative HPLC to give product compound 440 (1.0 mg, 2%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.965 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.45 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.98-3.10 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.03 (m,4H), 1.59-1.77 (m, 5H), 1.18 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 378 Synthesis of Compound 441

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example 373 startingfrom compound 1. LC-MS t_(R)=0.923 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 427, 429 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.46 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz,1H), 7.41 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (m, 4H), 3.18(m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.92-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 1H),2.27 (m, 1H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 379 Synthesis of Compound 442

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example 377, in 26%yield starting from compound 1 and 1A. LC-MS t_(R)=1.121 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 450 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.04(s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (t, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (m, 4H), 3.41 (m,2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.06-3.16 (m, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.61 (m, 2H),1.94 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.66 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 380 Synthesis of Compounds 443 and 444

Step 1

To a solution of(1s,4s)-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-methylene-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene](10.3 mg, 0.034 mmol), I₂ (20 mg, 0.104 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was addedKSCN (16.5 mg, 0.17 mmol), catalytic amount of tetrabutylammoniumchloride and H₂O (0.1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight and quenched with 10% NaHSO₃ and extracted with DCM once. Theseparated organic phase was washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄,and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to generate the crudeproduct(1r,4r)-6′-bromo-1′-(iodomethyl)-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene],which was used for next step without further purification.

Step 2

To a solution of above crude product in THF (3 mL) was addedtert-butylamine (5 mg, 7 μL, 0.068 mmol). The mixture was stirredovernight at room temperature and concentrated. The residue was purifiedby preparative HPLC to give 8 mg of the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z437 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3

Above product in concentrated HCl (2 mL) was refluxed for 60-90 min. Thereaction was cool to room temperature and diluted with EA, neutralizedwith K₂CO₃, washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. Thefiltrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by preparativeHPLC to give 1.7 mg of compound 443 and 3 mg of compound 444. Compound443: MS ESI+ve m/z 367 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.07 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD):7.70 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 4.05 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (m, 1H),3.03 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m,2H), 1.54-1.42 (m, 4H).

Compound 444: MS ESI+ve m/z 381 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.27 min. ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD): 7.70 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H),3.36 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (d, J=16.4 Hz,1H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.33 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 381 Synthesis of Compound 445

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 1

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1A (3.0 g, 9.7mmol), KCN (1.4 g, 21.5 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (9.5 g, 98.9 mmol) informamide (60 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 72 h. Thereaction mixture was then cooled and poured onto ice, then was extractedwith ethyl acetate:isopropanol=3:1 (200 mL×3). The combined organicfractions were washed with brine (200 mL×2). The separated organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was washedwith a mixed solvent of petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=10:1 (50 mL×2) togive compound 1 (2.4 g, 68%) as a yellow solid with 70% purity on LC-MS,which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.69min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=379.25 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1 (0.8 g, 1.41mmol), 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodo-ethane (1.5 g, 7.14 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.0g, 7.24 mmol) in DMF (30 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. in a CEMmicrowave reactor for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled andpoured into brine (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate(50 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL×3).The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo, the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography onsilica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=20:1 to 3:1 togive compound 2 (0.60 g, 92%) as a pale yellow solid.

LC-MS: t_(R)=2.02 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=461.5[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 2 (0.20 g, 0.43mmol), Lawessons's reagent (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) washeated to 150° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. After coolingdown, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with Ethyl acetate (20mL×2). The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withpetroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 3 (0.15 g, 73%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (0.15 g, 0.31 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL)was added BH₃-THF (1 M in THF, 20 mL, 20 mmol) at room temperature.After addition, the mixture was stirred at reflux for 72 h. Aftercooling down, the mixture was quenched with methanol (20 mL) carefully,then was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was dissolved inCH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). The mixture was washed with 1 N NaOH (10 mL) and brine(20 mL×2) in turn. The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=5:1 to givecompound 4 (60 mg, 42%) as a white solid with 59% purity on LC-MS, whichwas used directly in next step directly. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.15 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=463.4 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) was addedNH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.20 g, 2.22 mol). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo. H₂O (20 mL) was added to the residue,and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained10% methanol) (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed withbrine (20 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered off the solid andconcentrated in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethylacetate=1:1 to give compound 5 with 76% purity (50 mg, 86%) as a whitesolid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.62 min minin 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=446.0 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 5 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol, 76% purity), tert-Butyldicarbonate (48 mg, 0.22 mmol) and DMAP (27 mg, 0.22 mmol) in THF (5 mL)was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed byevaporation in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC onsilica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1 to givecompound 6 (30 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: 699-091-1B, t_(R)=2.06min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=546.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 445

A mixture of compound 6 (10 mg, 0.018 mmol), 3-chloro-5-fluorobenzeneboronic acid (6 mg, 0.034 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.2 mL) andPd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 mL) under nitrogen was stirredat 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 30 min. The reaction mixturewas concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified preparative TLCand then preparative HPLC to give compound 445 with 98% purity (3.4 mg,38%). ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.55-7.65 (dd, J=2.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H),7.50-7.55 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.40 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),7.25-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.30 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),4.20-4.25 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H) 4.10-4.20 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.90 (d,J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (s, 2H),1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 3H). LC-MSt_(R)=1.85 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=496.1 [M+H]⁺.

HRMS: MS (ESI) m/z=496.1764 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 382 Synthesis of Compound 446

A mixture of compound 6 (10 mg, 0.018 mmol) in HCl/dioxane (2 mL, 4 M indioxane) was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purifiedpreparative HPLC to give compound 446 with 93% purity (1.1 mg, 14%). ¹HNMR: (300 MHz): δ 7.45-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.30 (d,J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.25 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H) 4.10-4.20 (d, J=13.6 Hz,1H), 3.75-3.85 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 1H),2.85-3.00 (s, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.45 (m,3H). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.65 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=466.1[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 383 Synthesis of Compounds 447 and 448

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10B

To a solution of2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitril (25.0 g,82.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF,91.0 mL, 91.0 mmol) dropwise via an addition funnel at −78° C. undernitrogen. After 1.5 h, a solution of 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylic acidtert-butyl ester (18.1 g, 91.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added dropwisevia an addition funnel at −78° C. under nitrogen. After addition, thereaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h. 1 N HCl (200 mL) wasadded via an addition funnel at −78° C. carefully. After that, thereaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and kept atthis temperature overnight. The mixture was separated and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (3×150 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (2×200 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel(eluent: petroleum ether: EtOAc=50:1 to 10:1) to give pure compound 10B(32.0 g, 77% yield) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

10 Sealed tubes were charged with compound 10B (3.2 g, 6.59 mmol), THF(10 mL) and t-BuOK (0.81 g, 7.25 mmol) in each of them. These tubes wereheated at 70° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor parallelly. Aftercooling down, all the reactions were quenched by addition of 10 mL H₂Oin each of them and combined and separated, the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (2×100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica geleluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=100:1 to 10:1 to givecompound 10 (15.0 g, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 13

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 10 (3 g, 7.8mmol), KCN (1.02 g, 15 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (5.65 g, 58 mmol) and formamide(30 mL) and the mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h. The reactionmixture was cooled and poured into ice, then was filtrated to collectthe solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and was washedwith water (2×50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give thecrude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica geleluting with hexane:EtOAc (10:1 to 3:1) to give compound 13 (0.7 g, 20%)as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.97 (m, 8H), 1.24-1.29 (s, 9H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

To a solution of compound 13 (400 mg, 0.88 mmol) in anhydrous1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (393.2 mg, 0.97 mmol)under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 30min in a CEM microwave reactor. The solvent was removed in vacuo to givethe crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica geleluting with hexane: EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 14 (100 mg, 24%) as awhite solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.335 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z490 [M+Na]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15

To a solution of compound 14 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added HCl/dioxane(4.0 M, 2 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 h, the solvent was removed in vacuo to givecompound 15 (30 mg, 76%), which was used in the next step withoutfurther purification. LCMS: t_(R)=0.872 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 368 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 16

To a solution of compound 15 (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) wasadded Ac₂O (8.3 mg, 0.08 mmol), Et₃N (16.4 mg, 0.16 mmol) and DMAP (0.09mg, 0.008 mmol) under nitrogen at 0° C. After stirring at 0° C. for 2 h,water (5 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 16 (25 mg, 75%), which wasused in the next step without further purification. LCMS: t_(R)=1.097min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 17

To a solution of compound 16 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (16.5 mg, 0.12 mmol), and MeI (17.6 mg, 0.12 mmol) undernitrogen, the mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min and at 100° C. foranother 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was filtered off,and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc=3:1 to givecompound 17 (20 mg, 76%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.097 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 447

A solution of compound 17 (20 mg, 0.046 mmol), NH₄I (68 mg, 0.46 mmol)in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactorfor 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, andthe residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and preparative HPLC to give compound 447(8 mg, 43%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.41 (d, J=8.8Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.54 (m,2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.79 (m, 2H).LCMS: t_(R)=1.410 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 448

To a solution of compound 447 (7 mg, 0.017 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL)were added 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (3.78 mg, 0.025 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N,0.2 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.1 mg, 0.00017 mmol) under nitrogen, themixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min,LCMS analysis showed the complete consumption of compound 447. Water (2mL) was added and the mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, thenwas washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crudeproduct which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting withdichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to affordcompound 448 (1.2 mg, 16%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.81 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 3H), 7.23 (s,1H), 6.93 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.01(s, 3H), 2.0 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.56 (m, 2H). LCMS:t_(R)=1.558 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 430.2 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 384 Synthesis of Compound 449

Step 1: Preparation of3-acetyl-6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione

To a suspension of6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (545.6 mg, 1.86mmol) and Ac₂O (3 mL) which was stirred at room temperature was addedBF₃.Et₂O (1 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture color turned dark brownwithin several minutes. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice-waterafter being stirred overnight, and stirred another 1 h before dilutedwith EA. It was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brinesuccessively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, andevaporated to produce 580 mg of brown foam. The brown foam was dissolvedin MeOH (6 mL). To this solution was added a solution of NaOAc (610 mg,7.44 mmol) in H₂O (1 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux for 3 h.Organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure before re-dissolvedin EA (60 mL). The resulting solution was washed with H₂O and brinesuccessively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, andevaporated to produce dark oil, which was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel to afford 294.5 mg of the desired productas light yellow solid. MS ESI+ve m/z 335 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.86 min.

Step 2: Preparation of6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[d]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-oneand6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[c]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of3-acetyl-6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (41.5mg, 0.124 mmol) and NH₂OH.HCl (26 mg, 0.374 mmol) and EtOH/THF (2/0.5mL) charged in a 10-mL CEM microwave test tube was heated in a CEMmicrowave reactor at 100° C. for 10 min. To this mixture was added3-acetyl-6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (41.5mg, 0.124 mmol) solution in THF (0.5 mL) and NH₂OH.HCl (45 mg, 0.647mmol). The mixture was heated to 110° C. for another 10 min in the CEMmicrowave reactor. NaHCO₃ (158 mg, 1.88 mmol) was added and stirred for5 min before filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography on silica gel to afford 70 mg of the desired product as amixture with the ratio close 1:1. MS ESI+ve m/z 332 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.80min.

Step 3: Preparation ofN-(5′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[c]isoxazole-5,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamideandN-(5′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[d]isoxazole-5,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[d]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-oneand6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[c]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(ca 1:1 ration) (70 mg, 0.021 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) under N2atmosphere at room temperature was added TiCl₄ (1.0 M solution in DCM,0.42 mL, 0.42 mmol) dropwise. The resulting yellow suspension wasstirred for 1 h before bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86 mg, 105 μL,0.46 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. TiCl₄(1.0 M solution in DCM, 0.42 mL, 0.42 mmol) was added followed bybis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86 mg, 105 μL, 0.46 mmol). The mixturewas stirred for another 16 h before quenched by ice-water. The mixturewas stirred another 30 min and extracted with DCM 3 times, the combinedorganic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, andevaporated to produce 76 mg of crude product, which was used for nextstep without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 356 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.80min.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 449

To a suspension of above crude product in EtOH (3 mL) was added asolution of N-methylhydroxylamine (1.5 mL, prepared by adding 25 wt %NaOMe in MeOH (72 μL, 1.26 mmol) to a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (117 mg,1.4 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) being stirred for 5 min). After being stirredovernight, another portion of N-methylhydroxylamine (1.5 mL) was addedfollowed by another same portion of N-methylhydroxylamine after 10 min.The mixture was stirred overnight and evaporated to dryness and purifiedby preparative HPLC to afford 80 mg of the desired product as TFA salt.MS ESI+ve m/z 403 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.27 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ:7.72 (m, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),3.37, 3.36, 3.35, 3.34 (four s, total 3H), 3.01-2.39 (m, 6H), 2.29,2.25, 2.17, 2.13 (four s, total 3H), 2.30-1.87 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 385 Synthesis of Compound 450

To a solution of compound 1 TFA salt (10 mg, 0.019 mmol),3-cyanophenylboronic acid (6 mg, 0.041 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and H₂O (0.1 mL) charged in a 10 mL CEMmicrowave test tube was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 0.0028 mmol), then thesystem was degassed by sweeping N₂. The tube was sealed and heated to110° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. Due to low conversionPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 0.0028 mmol), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (6 mg,0.041 mmol) was added and heated at 110° C. for another 10 min inmicrowave reactor. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to yield 5.7 mg of the desired product as aTFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 426 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.45 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD) δ: 8.04 and 8.01 (tow s, total 1H), 7.98 and 7.93 (two d, J=8.0Hz, total 1H), 7.85 and 7.84 (two s, total 1H), 7.81-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.44(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.36 and 3.35 (four s, 3H), 3.10-2.45 (m,6H), 2.31, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.32-1.91 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 386 Synthesis of Compound 451

The title compound was made by the method described in example 385. MSESI+ve m/z 402 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.07 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.20(s, 1H), 8.88-8.83 (m, 2H), 8.12 (m, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.37 and 3.36 (four s, 3H),3.13-2.44 (m, 6H), 2.30, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.34-1.93 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 387 Synthesis of Compound 452

The title compound was made by the method described in example 385. MSESI+ve m/z 436 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.37 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.80(s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.0 Hz,1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.36 and 3.35 (four s, 3H),3.11-2.45 (m, 6H), 2.31, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.32-1.91 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 388 Synthesis of Compound 453

The title compound was made by the method described in example 385. MSESI+ve m/z 453 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.74 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.82(s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.22(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.36 and 3.35 (four s, 3H), 3.09-2.45 (m,6H), 2.30, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.32-1.90 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR(376 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: −112.29, −112.83, −112.85, −112.88.

EXAMPLE 389 Synthesis of Compound 454

Step 1

A mixture of6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(50 mg, 0.147 mmol), K₃PO₄ (125 mg, 0.588 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid(19 mg, 0.220 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (4.2 mg, 0.015 mmol, 10 mol%), toluene (3 mL), H₂O (0.15 mL) and Pd(OAc)₂ (3.4 mmol, 0.0147 mmol)charged in a 10-mL CEM microwave reactor was charged N₂. The mixture washeated at 110° C. for 70 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with EAand washed with H₂O and brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, andfiltered, and evaporated to produce the crude product, which was usedfor next step without further purification; MS ESI+ve m/z 303 (M+H)⁺.t_(R): 2.30 min.

Step 2

To a solution of above crude product in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) under N₂atmosphere at room temperature was added TiCl₄ (1.0 M solution in DCM,0.42 mL, 0.42 mmol) dropwise. The resulting yellow suspension wasstirred for 1 h before bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86 mg, 105 μL,0.46 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. TiCl₄(1.0 M solution in DCM, 0.65 mL, 0.65 mmol) was added followed bybis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (137 mg, 167 μL, 0.735 mmol). The mixturewas stirred for another 16 h before quenched by ice-water. The mixturewas stirred another 30 min and extracted with DCM 3 times, the combinedorganic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, andevaporated to produce the desired crude product, which was used for nextstep without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 327 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 2.29min.

Step 3

To a suspension of above crude product in EtOH (3 mL) was added asolution of N-methylhydroxylamine (4.15 mL, prepared by adding 25 wt %NaOMe in MeOH (72 μL, 1.26 mmol) to a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (117 mg,1.4 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) being stirred for 5 min). After being stirredovernight, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and purifiedby preparative HPLC to afford 54 mg of the desired product as TFA salt.MS ESI+ve m/z 374 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.78 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ:7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),7.18-7.07 (m, 4H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.34-2.94 (m, 4H), 2.81-2.64 (m, 2H),2.06-1.49 (m, 5H), 1.05-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 390 Synthesis of Compound 455

Step 1.6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-oneand6′-bromo-2,4-a,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (0.3045 g, 1.16mmol), 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (0.1120 g, 1.36 mmol), and toluene (5 mL). Thetube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 1 h. After thesolvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purifiedby reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column,10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0657 g (18%) of6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one,0.0083 g (2%) of6′-bromo-2,4-a,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one,and recover 0.0550 g (18%) of6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one.

For6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one,LC-MS t_(R)=1.35 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 315, 317 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.17 (s, 2H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J=8.2 Hz,1H), 3.36 (d, J=17.9 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (d, J=17.9 Hz, 2H), 3.08 (s, 2H); ¹³CNMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 207.41, 152.76, 152.37, 148.80, 139.59, 137.86,129.84, 128.04, 122.99, 57.87, 43.33, 42.33.

For6′-bromo-2,4-a,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one,LC-MS t_(R)=1.41 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 317, 319 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.22 (m, 1H), 9.14 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.85 (m, 1H),7.74-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.37-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.71(m, 4H), 2.22-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.84 (m, 1H).

Step 2.3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(0.0600 g, 0.19 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (0.1221 g, 0.83 mmol),Cs₂CO₃ (0.2822 g, 0.87 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), water (1 mL), andPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0360 g, 0.05 mmol). The tube was heated in a CEMmicrowave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture wasdiluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified byreversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column,10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0386 g (60%) of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile.LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 338 (MH⁺).

Step 3.N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(0.0386 g, 0.11 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.5 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.4 mL ofbis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the yellow solution. Theresulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 20 h. Themixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crudeproduct was directly used in the next step without further purification.LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 362 (MH⁺).

Step 4. Compound 455

A 50 mL flask was charged with 32 mL of EtOH, 0.8452 g of sodiummethoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.3707 g ofN-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered throughHPLC filter and 10 mL of the filtrate was added toN-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide,obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC(SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flowrate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 455 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.23min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 409 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ9.36 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.48 (m, 7H), 3.78 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (d, J=16Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.17 (m, 7H).

EXAMPLE 391 Synthesis of Compounds 456 and 457

Step 1. 6-bromo-2,2-di(but-3-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one

To a stirred solution of 6-bromo-1-indanone (0.5330 g, 2.52 mmol) in dryTHF (10 mL) was added NaH (0.3380 g, 60% in a mineral oil, 8.45 mmol) at0° C. under nitrogen. After being stirred for 10 min, 4-iodobut-1-ene(1.3450 g, 7.39 mmol) was added and then the mixture was stirred atambient temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C.,quenched with 1 N HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvents were evaporated, the residue was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford0.1304 g of 6-bromo-2,2-di(but-3-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one.LC-MS t_(R)=2.33 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 319, 321 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8 Hz,1H), 5.76-5.66 (m, 2H), 4.94-4.87 (m, 4H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 1.98-1.63 (m,8H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 209.23, 151.43, 138.85, 137.85, 137.54,127.94, 126.75, 121.55, 114.81, 52.87, 37.28, 36.58, 28.54.

Step 2. 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[4]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

To a solution of6-bromo-2,2-di(but-3-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (0.1300 g, 0.41mmol) in toluene (40 mL) was added Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst 2ndgeneration [301224-40-8] (0.0308 g, 0.049 mmol). The resulting mixturewas heated at 120° C. under nitrogen for 20 h. After the solvent wasevaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica geleluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.1204 g (100%) of a mixtureof 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[4]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′14)-one and6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one as observed by ¹HNMR. LC-MS t_(R)=2.25 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 291, 293 (MH⁺).

Step 3.6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-oneand6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with a mixture of6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[4]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′14)-one (0.1204 g),obtained as described above, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (0.0767 g, 0.93 mmol),and toluene (5 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at150° C. for 1 h. After the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ PrepC₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 minand then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) toafford 0.1646 g of a mixture of6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-oneand6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′14)-one.LC-MS t_(R)=6.21, 6.35 min in 16 min chromatography, t_(R)=1.49 min in 3min chromatography, m/z 343, 345 (MH⁺).

Step 4.3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrileand3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with a mixture of6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-oneand6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one(0.1646 g), obtained as described above, 3-cyanophenylboronic acid(0.2530 g, 1.7 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.6177 g, 1.9 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL),water (1 mL), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0360 g, 0.05 mmol). The tube washeated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reactionmixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solventwas evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified byreversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column,10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0281 g of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrileand 0.0925 g of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile.

For3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile,LC-MS t_(R)=1.51 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 366 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.35 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.97 (m, 4H), 7.75-7.63 (m, 3H),3.40-3.23 (m, 6H), 2.01-1.85 (m, 4H).

For3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile,LC-MS t_(R)=1.54 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 366 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.36 (m, 2H), 7.99-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.74-7.56 (m, 4H),3.45-2.89 (m, 6H), 2.15-1.72 (m, 4H).

Step 5. Preparation of Compound 456

To a solution of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(0.0281 g) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.5 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ atroom temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.4 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimidewas added to the yellow solution. The resulting mixture was then stirredat room temperature for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with ice, dilutedwith CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed underreduced pressure, the crude product (0.0830 g) was directly used in thenext step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.51 min in 3 minchromatography, m/z 390 (MH⁺)

A 50 mL flask was charged with 33 mL of EtOH, 1.5833 g of sodiummethoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.6517 g ofN-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered throughHPLC filter and 12 mL of the filtrate was added toN-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-3′(1W)-ylidene)cyanamide,obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC(SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flowrate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 456 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.09,1.23 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 437 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ 9.25 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.50 (m, 7H), 3.51-3.03 (m, 9H), 2.25-1.75 (m, 4H).

Step 6. Preparation of Compound 457

To a solution of3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile(0.0925 g) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added 1.0 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂at room temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.8 mL ofbis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the yellow solution. Theresulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 18 h. Themixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried overNa₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crudeproduct (0.1630 g) was directly used in the next step without furtherpurification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 390(MH⁺)

A 50 mL flask was charged with 33 mL of EtOH, 1.5833 g of sodiummethoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.6517 g ofN-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered throughHPLC filter and 23 mL of the filtrate was added toN-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide,obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC(SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flowrate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 457 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.19,1.25 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 437 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD)δ 9.25 (m, 2H), 8.16-7.35 (m, 7H), 3.63-1.62 (m, 13H).

EXAMPLE 392 Synthesis of Compound 458

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

A mixture of compound 1 (1.5 g, 5.1 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid(1.2 g, 7.7 mmol), aq. Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 20 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.15 g,0.21 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere wasstirred at 80° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, H₂O (50 mL) was addedwith stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer wasextracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×2). The combined organic fractionswere washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate=50:1 to 20:1 to give compound 2 (1.4 g, 87.5% yield) as a paleyellow solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.95-8.05 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz),7.88-7.95 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.73 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz),7.55-7.68 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.35 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.55 (m,2H), 2.25-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 2H). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.96 min in 3min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 316.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 in THF (60 mL) was added LiHMDS (10 mL, 10mmol, 1.0 M in THF) dropwise at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. Themixture was stirred at this temperature for 1 h and a solution of PhNTf₂(3.2 g, 8.88 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at −78° C. for another 2 h and then allowed to warm to ambienttemperature for 4 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with brine (50mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered andconcentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethylacetate=50:1 to 20:1 to give compound 3 (1.5 g, 78.9% yield) as a paleyellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.85-7.95 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz),7.80-7.85 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.55 (m,2H), 7.20-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.80-5.85 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (d, 1H, J=14.0 Hz),2.90-3.00 (d, 1H, J=14.0 Hz), 2.60-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.55 (m, 2H),1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.30 min in 3 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 448.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (0.70 g, 1.6 mmol), dimethylamine in THF (40 mL,80 mmol, 1 M in THF), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.011 g, 0.048 mmol) and dppp (20 mg,0.048 mmol) was stirred at 70° C. under CO (10 PSI) atmosphere for 24 h.The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated invacuo and then the residue was purified by column chromatography onsilica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=100:1 to 50:1 to givecompound 4 (0.43 g, yield: 72.9%) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400MHz): δ 8.20-8.25 (s, 1H), 8.05-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.95-8.00 (s, 1H),7.70-8.00 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.55-7.65 (m, 2H), 5.75-5.85 (m, 1H), 3.82(m, 1H), 3.10-3.20 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 2.90-3.00 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz),2.70-2.80 (m, 6H), 2.25-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.75 (m,1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 1H).

LC-MS: t_(R)=1.90 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 371.1[M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (3mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.26 mL, 0.26 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 15 min,then bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (50 mg, 0.26 mmol) was added. Themixture was stirred at 60° C. in microwave for 15 min. The mixture waspoured into ice-water (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted withCH₂Cl₂ (20 mL×2), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (50mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give crude compound 5 (60 mg,crude) as a pale yellow solid which was used directly for the next stepwithout purification.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 458

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (13 mg, 0.15 mmol)in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (75 mg, 0.15 mmol, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH),followed by compound 5 (60 mg, 0.15 mmol). After stirred at ambienttemperature overnight, the reaction was completed detecting by LC-Ms,and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which waspurified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 458 (15 mg, 22.7% yieldfor 2 steps) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.95-8.00 (s,1H), 7.90-7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.70-7.75 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.60-7.70(m, 2H), 7.55-7.60 (dd, 1H, J=4.0, 8.0 Hz), 5.80-5.90 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.20(m, 3H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.75-2.85 (d, 1H, J=15.6Hz), 2.45-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80(m, 2H).

LC-Ms: t_(R)=1.55 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442.2[M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 393 Synthesis of Compound 459

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a stirred solution of t-BuOK (9.66 g, 86 mmol) in THF (500 mL) wasadded Tosmic (16.8 g, 86 mmol) and compound 1 (10 g, 86 mmol) at −10° C.and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture wasevaporated and the residue was extracted with ether, the extracts werewashed with water and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in MeOH (125 mL). To thissolution was added a solution of sodium (3.9 g, 172 mmol) in MeOH (250mL), and then the mixture was refluxed for 1 h. The reaction mixture wasevaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on asilica gel (hexanes: EtOAc=20:1) to afford compound 2 (2 g, yield 23%).¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MH): δ 2.73-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.48-2.52 (m, 2H), 1.97-2.10(m, 4H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of LDA (6 mL, 10.8 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (15 mL) wasadded the solution of compound 2 (690 mg, 5.4 mmol) in THF (5 mL) slowlyat −60° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 1 h. Tothe resulting mixture was added the solution of compound 2A (1.83 g, 4.9mmol)) in THF (5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 2h, and then quenched with water (15 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. The crudeproduct was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give compound 3(372 mg, yield 24%) as a yellow solid.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

A flame dried 50 mL RBF was charged with compound 3 (372 mg, 0.88 mmol)and anhydrous THF (15 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. The resulting solutionwas stirred and cooled to −70° C., and 1.3 M t-BuLi solution in hexane(1.36 mL, 1.76 mmol, 2 eq.) was added dropwise. Deep red color wasobserved during the addition. The reaction was stirred another 1 h afterthe addition. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (0.1 mL), and followedby 2 M aq. HCl solution (2 mL). The resulting solution was concentratedto remove organic solvent. The residue was stirred in 0.5 M aq. HClsolution (10 mL). The suspension was heated to reflux (oil bath 105°C.). The reaction was cooled down to room temperature and filter. Thecake was washed with H₂O. The light yellow solid was collected andco-evaporated with MeOH two times to remove water to give crude product,which was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give compound 4(150 mg, yield 56%) as a white solid.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (80 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and wasdropwise m-CPBA (186 mg, 1.08 mmol) kept below 20° C. The solution wasstirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solid was filtered off, and thefiltrate washed with NaHCO₃, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 5 (80 mg, 95%). ¹H NMR(CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.70(m, 1H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.97-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 4H).

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol), compound 5A (89 mg, 0.6mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.45 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (5mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was stirred in microwave at 120° C. for15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give theresidue, which was purified pre-TLC to give compound 6 (40 mg, yield30%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.87 (m,3H), 7.72 (m, 3H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.17 (m, 2H), 3.01(m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 4H).

Step 6: Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was addedTiCl₄ (0.22 mL, 0.22 mmol) and the mixture was stirred in microwave at50° C. for 10 min. After the reaction, bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide(62 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred in microwave at60° C. for 10 min. The reaction was quenched with ice water andextracted with CH₂Cl₂, the organic layer was washed with water, brine,dried and concentrated to give the product 7 (20 mg, 57%).

Step 7: Preparation of Compound 459

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.4 mg, 0.05 mmol)in MeOH (1 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 24.3 mg, 0.045 mmol) andthe mixture was stirred for 5 min. Then a solution of compound 7 (20 mg,0.05 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added to above solution. Then reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Then the solution wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified pre-TLC and HPLC togive compound 459 (2 mg, yield 10%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.93 (m, 2H), 7.70 (m, 4H), 7.39 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m,1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 5H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.77(m, 1H). LC-MS t_(R)=0.989 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 423[M+H]⁺

EXAMPLE 394 Synthesis of Compound 460

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A solution of compound 1 (6.3 g, 0.03 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) waswarmed to 40° C., then 3 mL of concentrated HCl was added dropwise,followed by isoamyl nitrite (4.38 mL, 0.033 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at 40° C. for 1 h. The formed precipitate was collected byfiltration, washed with methanol (2×25 mL), dried in the vacuo todryness to give compound 2 (4.0 g, 56%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR(DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 12.75 (s, 1H), 7.87-7.89 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.83-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A solution of compound 2 (2.5 g, 10.4 mmol) in 1.2 N aq. NaOH solution(10 mL) and water (250 mL) was cooled to 4° C., then ammonia (3 mL) wasadded, followed by 5% aq. NaC10 solution (40 mL). After addition, themixture was warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 3 h, then wasextracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×125 mL). The combined organic phases were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 3 (1.1g, 46%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.87 (s, 1H),7.61-7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 4 and 5

To a suspension of Rh₂(OAc)₄ (26 mg, 0.059 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(10 mL) was added compound 3A (4.41 g, 42.3 mmol) at 20˜25° C., then asolution of compound 3 (1.0 g, 4.23 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was addeddropwise to the mixture over 30 min and stirred for one more hour. Themixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, theresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleumether: EtOAc=50:1 to 30:1) to give two isomers: compound 4 (250 mg, 30%)and compound 5 (600 mg, 64%). ¹H NMR compound 4 (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.78(d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.71 (dd, J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.42 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.31 (m, 5H), 3.35-3.36 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 2.93-2.98(t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.80 (m, 1H). LC-MS:t_(R)=1.43 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 312.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR compound 5 (CDCl₃ 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.67 (dd,J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.37 (t, J=7.2, 14.8 Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.29 (m,2H), 7.14-7.16 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.94-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.77 (d,J=18.0 Hz, 1H), 2.02-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.77 (m, 1H).

LC-MS: t_(R)=1.36 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 312.9[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 4 (60 mg, 0.19 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (1mL) was added a solution of TiCl₄ (0.387 mL, 0.38 mmol in CH₂Cl₂) atambient temperature. After stirring for 1 h,bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimid (70 mg, 0.38 mmol) was added, then thefinal mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h. The reactionmixture was quenched by addition of ice (5 g), extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10mL). The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andthe filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound 6 (70 mg, 42%)with 39% purity, which was used in next step directly withoutpurification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.505 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 336.9 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 460

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (17.4 mg, 0.208 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) wasadded MeONa (10.3 mg, 0.187 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 10 min, then a solution of compound 6 (60 mg, 0.19 mmol)in methanol (3 mL) was added dropwise at ambient temperature and stirredfor 10 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 460 (2.7mg, 34%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.44 (m, 2H),7.21-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.02 (m,1H), 2.99-3.33 (m, 3H), 2.38-2.78 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.30(m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z384.0 [M+H]⁺.

EXAMPLE 395 Synthesis of Compound 461

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a suspension of compound 1 (545.6 mg, 1.86 mmol) in Ac₂O (3 mL) wasadded BF₃ Et₂O (1 mL) dropwise at room temperature. The mixture wasstirred overnight and quenched with ice water. The mixture was stirredanother 1 h and extracted with ethyl acetate (25 mL) washed with H₂O (20mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) successively,then was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to givethe crude compound 2 (600 mg, 84%) as a light brown foam, which was usedin next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of crude compound 2 (300 mg, 0.78 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) wasadded a solution of NaOAc (305 mg, 3.72 mmol) in H₂O (0.5 mL). Themixture was heated at reflux for 3 h. MeOH was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (10 mL), washed with H₂O(10 mL) and brine (10 mL) successively, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated to dryness. The oil was purified by columnchromatography on silica gel (hexanes: EtOAc=20:1) to give compound 3(153 mg, 69%); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H),7.27-7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.48 (m, 2H),2.12 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.51 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (153 mg, 0.46 mmol) in a mixture of EtOH (10mL) and THF (2.5 mL) was added NH₂OH HCl (95 mg, 1.37 mmol). The mixturewas heated at reflux for 3 h. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silicagel (hexanes: EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 4 (100 mg, 66%) as a lightyellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 4 (1.8 g, 5.4mmol), KCN (706 mg, 10.8 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (3.9 g, 40.5 mmol) informamide (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 72 h, cooled toroom temperature and poured into ice (50 g). After acidification withconc. HCl solution (20 mL), the resulting mixture was filtered and thefilter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed withwater (5×20 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give compound 5 (1 g, 47%). as a brown solid, which wasused in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A suspension of compound 5 (400 mg, 0.99 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent(402 mg, 0.99 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was stirred at 150°C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentratedin vacuo, and the residue was purified by prep-TLC to give compound 6(140 mg, 34%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (230 mg, 0.55 mmol) in CH₃CN (15 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (304 mg, 2.2 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, MeI (155mg, 1.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated invacuo, the residue was purified by prep-TLC to give compound 7 (120 mg,50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 461

A solution of compound 7 (140 mg, 0.31 mmol) and NH₄I (362 mg, 2.5 mmol)in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 5 mL) was stirred at 120° C. in a microwave reactorfor 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure.The residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL) and stirred for 30 min. The mixturewas filtered, concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC (basic) to givecompound 461 (80 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.882 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414, 417 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.52-7.53 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m,1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 2.81 (m, 3H), 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m,2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 396 Synthesis of Compound 462

To a solution of compound 461 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL)was added compound 8A (15 mg, 0.10 mmol) and aq.Cs₂CO₃ (2M, 0.072 mL,0.14 mmol), and deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen. ThenPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (50 mg, 0.071 mmol) was added The reaction mixture washeated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 30 min. The solventswere removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 462 (4.1 mg, 19%). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.08min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ 7.934 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.87 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.63 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.54 (t, J=8.0, Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.40 (t, J=8.0, 10.6Hz, 1H), 3.21-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.67-2.80 (m, 3H),2.46-2.50 (d, J=13.2, 1H), 2.23-2.31 (t, J=18.4, 15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.10-2.18(t, J=15.6, 18.8 Hz, 2H), 1.91-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.91 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 397 Synthesis of Compound 463

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (20 mg,0.05 mmol) was coupled with compound 8D (16.8 mg, 0.097 mmol) to givecompound 463 (2.5 mg, 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.036 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 464 [MH+]. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.61-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.38 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.15 (m, 1H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.15 (s,3H), 2.71-2.76 (m, 3H), 2.45-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.15 (m, 2H),2.05 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 398 Synthesis of Compound 464

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (20 mg,0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 8C (12 mg, 0.096 mmol) to givecompound 464 (2.8 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.757 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.66 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H),7.47 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 3.29 (m, 1H),2.99 (s, 3H), 2.66 (m, 4H), 2.18 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 399 Synthesis of Compound 465

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (20 mg,0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 8D (11.3 mg, 0.072 mmol) to givecompound 465 (11 mg, 50%.); LC-MS t_(R)=1.021 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 447 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 3.36-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.75 (m, 3H), 2.54 (m,1H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.83 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 400 Synthesis of Compound 466

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (30 mg,0.072 mmol) was coupled with compound 1A (23 mg, 0.144 mmol) to givecompound 466 (1.5 mg, 6%) as white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.921 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 448.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ8.50 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H),7.12 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 3H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.88-2.03(m, 4H), 1.59 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 401 Synthesis of Compound 467

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

Compound 4 (500 mg, 1.5 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (10 mL) and Et₂NH (2mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (150 mg) and CuI (142.5 mg) under a nitrogenatmosphere. Compound 8E (1 mL) was added by syringe. The system wasdegassed purged N₂ one more time, the reaction was heated at 50° C. for12 h, LCMS indicated that the reaction was completed. The reactionmixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified preparative TLC (hexanes: EtOAc=2:1) to give compound 5 (262mg, 55%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 5 (262 mg, 0.83mmol), KCN (107 mg, 1.65 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (594 mg, 6.19 mmol) andformamide (20 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h, then wascooled and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated HClsolution to pH=1, the mixture was filtered, and the solid was dissolvedin CH₂Cl₂ (500 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (2×200 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=50:1) togive compound 5 (178 mg, 55%) as an orange solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To solution of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (104mg, 0.26 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was heated at 150° C. for 30 min in amicrowave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated in vacuo.The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel(hexanes: EtOAc=20:1) to give compound 7 (30 mg, 38%) as a light orangesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (96 mg, 0.69 mmol) and MeI (48 mg, 0.34 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was filtered, and thefiltrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC (hexanes: EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 8 (38 mg, 51%) asa white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 467

A solution of compound 7 (38 mg, 0.088 mmol) and NH₄I (102 mg, 0.70mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 0.5 N) was heated at 120° C. in aCEM microwave reactor for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo andthe residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and filtered. The filtrate wasconcentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 467 (3.1 mg,8.8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.979 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 401 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (m, 3H), 3.20(m, 3H), 2.94 (m, 1H), 2.74 (m, 3H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.25(m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.18 (m, 1H), 0.74(m, 2H), 0.63 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 402 Synthesis of Compound 468

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL)was added TiCl₄ (0.6 mL, 1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 0.6 mmol) and the mixture wasreacted in microwave at 50° C. for 10 min. After the reaction,bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (168 mg, 0.9 mmol) was added and themixture was reacted in microwave at 60° C. for 10 min. The reaction wasquenched by addition of ice water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂, the organiclayer was washed with water, brine, dried and concentrated to give theproduct 5 (104 mg, 97%) as a yellow oil, which was used in next stepwithout purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (24.4 mg, 0.29 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) wasadded NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 141 mg, 0.26 mmol) and the mixture wasstirred for 5 min. Then to a solution of compound 5 (104 mg, 0.29 mmol)in MeOH (8 mL) was added to above solution. Then final reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 45 min. Then the solution wasconcentrated and the residue was purified, which was purifiedpreparative TLC to give compound 6 (80 mg, 68%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 468

The compound 6 (40 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (3 mL) and Et₂NH(1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) and CuI(5 mg). Compound 6A (0.5 mL) was added by syringe. The system wasdegassed purged N₂ one more time, the reaction was heated 50° C. for 12h, LCMS indicated that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixturewas concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purifiedpreparative TLC and preparative HPLC to give compound 468 (1.9 mg, 5%)as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.994 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 389 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.17 (d, J=5.6 Hz,2H), 7.00-7.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.73 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m,3H), 2.20 (m, 5H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.37 (m, 1H), 0.82 (m, 2H), 0.64 (m,2H).

EXAMPLE 403 Synthesis of Compound 469

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (140 mg, 0.42 mmol) in anhydrous EtOH (5 mL)was added CH₃NHNH₂ (95 mg, 2.09 mmol). The reaction mixture was heatedat reflux overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure andthe residue was purified by preparative TLC (EtOAc) to give compound 4(42 mg, 29%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (42 mg, 0.12 mmol) in anhydrousdichloromethane (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (115 mg, 0.61 mmol). The mixturewas heated at 50° C. for 10 min in a microwave reactor, thenN,N′-methanediylidene bis(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (168 mg, 0.36mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 40 min ina microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was poured into ice (20 g) andextracted with dichloromethane (3×30 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (2×30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate,concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified bypreparative TLC (EtOAc) to give compound 5 (10 mg, 24%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 469

To a solution of compound 5 (10 mg, 0.027 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was addedMeNHOHHCl (2.3 mg, 0.027 mmol) and MeONa solution (10 wt % in MeOH, 13.5mg, 0.025 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 469 (10 mg, 88%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=0.851 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418 [M+H]⁺.¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H),3.73 (m, 3H), 2.20-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.88-2.63 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.56 (m, 3H),2.18-1.94 (m, 4H), 1.81-1.80 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 404 Synthesis of Compound 470

To a solution of compound 469 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) and3-chloro-5-fluoro-phenyl bronic acid (12.6 mg, 0.072 mmol) in dioxane (3mL) was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (6.7 mg, 0.009 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (2N, 0.048mL, 0.096 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 15 minin a microwave reactor under nitrogen, then diluted with ethyl acetate(80 mL), washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate,concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 470 (11 mg, 50%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=0.983 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 466 [M+H]⁺.¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.61-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.29 (m,2H), 7.19 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.66 (m, 3H), 3.14-3.06 (m, 3H),2.92-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.59 (m, 3H), 2.16-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.84-1.81 (m,1H), 1.27-1.25 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 405 Synthesis of Compound 471

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (7.0 g, 24.1 mmol) in toluene (600 mL) wasadded Grubbs Catalyst 1^(st) generation (2.98 g, 3.62 mmol), and thereaction mixture was refluxed overnight. The mixture was concentrated invacuo to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography(petroleum ether: EtOAc=100:1) to give compound 2 (5.21 g, 82%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.464 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z263.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.28(m, 1H), 5.66 (s, 2H), 3.06 (s, 2H), 2.84 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (d,J=14.8 Hz, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 2 (2 g, 7.6mmol), KCN (988 mg, 15.2 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (5.8 g, 60.8 mmol),formamide (60 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h.The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice. Afteracidification with concentrated HCl (50 mL), the mixture was filtratedto give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) andwashed with water (2×150 mL). The combined organic phase was dried andconcentrated to give compound 3 (2.2 g, 87%) as a white solid, which wasused in the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (600 mg, 1.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (45 mL)was added Lawesson's reagent (800 mg, 2.97 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactorat 120° C. for 60 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure,and the residue was purified by chromatography (petroleumether:EtOAc=5:1) to give compound 4 (410 mg, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (300 mg, 0.86 mmol) in CH₃CN (15 mL) wasadded compound K₂CO₃ (478 mg, 3.44 mmol) and MeI (488 mg, 3.44 mmol).The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min and then at 100° C.for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The solution was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=15:1) to afford compound 5 (240mg, 71%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5a

To a solution of compound 5 (420 mg, 1.11 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (10 mL) wasadded NH₄I (1.13 g, 7.80 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 120°C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. The solution was concentrated togive the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC(CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) to afford compound 5a (399 mg, 90%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.054 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 346.0[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.08 (m,1H), 5.09 (m, 2H), 3.31 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.82 (d,J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.53-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.27 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5a (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (3mL) was added compound 7 (52 mg, 0.636 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 150° C. in a CEMmicrowave reactor for 1 h. The solution was concentrated to give theresidue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=8:1) toafford compound 6 (30 mg, 26%) as a red solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 471

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg, 0.14 mmol) in a 10 mL of flask under a nitrogenatmosphere was treated sequentially with compound 6 (30 mg, 0.075 mmol),1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.1 mL) and compound 6A (22 mg, 0.15mmol). The mixture was heated at 120° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere ina microwave reactor for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated invacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC toafford compound 471 (3.1 mg, 10%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.978 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ9.10 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.56(m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.16 (s,3H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 406 Synthesis of Compound 472

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (477 mg, 1.8 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 3.6 mL, 3.6 mmol) at roomtemperature. After the mixture was stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 15min., bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (1.17 mL, 5.4 mmol) was added, andthe mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for 25 min. TLC showedthe reaction was completed, and the mixture was poured into ice-water(10 mL), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL×3). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentratedto give compound 5 (400 mg, 90%) as a yellow solid, which was used forthe next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of 6

A steel clabe was charged with a mixture of compound 5 (400 mg, 1.39mmol), KCN (362 mg, 5.57 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) and H₂O (4 mL). Themixture was heated at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooledto room temperature and poured into ice (10 g) and filtered. The filtercake was washed with water (10 mL×2) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×2), dried underreduced pressure to give compound 6 (440 mg, 78%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.219 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 333, 335[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO 400 MHz): δ 10.82 (m, 1H), 8.52 (d, J=27.2 Hz, 1H),7.53 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 2H), 5.78 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (m, 4H), 2.23(m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7A

A suspension of compound 6 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent(121 mg, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (4 mL) was heated at 130° C. for35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by prep-TLC(petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 7A (70 mg, 67%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8B

To a solution of compound 7A (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (110 mg, 0.8 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min., MeI (56.5 mg,0.4 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentratedunder reduced pressure, and there residue was purified by prep-TLC(petroleum ether:EtOAc=5:1) to give compound 8B (60 mg, 79%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 472

A solution of compound 8B (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) and NH₄I (92 mg, 0.64 mmol)in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 2 mL) was heated at 120° C. in a microwave reactorfor 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue waspurified by prep-HPLC (acidic) to give compound 472 (1.8 mg, 7%) as awhite solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.077 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z348, 350 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.51 (dd, J=1.6 Hz, 4 Hz,1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (s, 2H), 2.91(m, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.61 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H).

EXAMPLE 407 Synthesis of Compound 473

To a solution of compound 76 (7.38 mg, 0.02 mmol) in pyridine was addedacetic anhydride (5 drops). The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 30 min, quenched with MeOH, and purified with a revisedphase HPLC to give compound 474 (8.3 mg, 80%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS:t_(R)=1.84 min, 3 min method, MS (ESI) m/z 420 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400MHz): δ 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.08 (m, 6H),2.28 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.20 (m, 6H), 0.84(m, 2H), 0.64 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 408 Synthesis of Compound 476

Compound 1 was dissolved in DCM (1 mL) and treated with TFA (1 mL) atroom temperature for 30 min, and purified by a HPLC to give compound 76(5.7 mg) as TFA salt, along with compound 476 (5.0 mg, TFA salt) as aby-product. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, 3 min method, MS (ESI) m/z 396[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s,1H), 4.78 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 6H), 2.76-2.38 (m, 2H),2.10-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.24 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 409 Synthesis of Compounds 477 and 478

Compound 76 (5 mg, was purified on a chiral HPLC followed by a revisedphase HPLC to give compound 478 (1.53 mg) as a TFA salt, t_(R)=37.86 min(ADH column, eluted with 80% Hexane/EtOH with 0.1% diethylamine, flowrate 4 mL/min); LC-MS: MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz):δ 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.12 (m, 6H), 2.06-1.96(m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 6H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H);and compound 477 (1.64 mg) as a TFA salt, t_(R)=42.76 min (ADH column,eluted with 80% Hexane/EtOH with 0.1% diethylamine, flow rate 4 mL/min);LC-MS: MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H),7.18 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 6H), 2.06-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.82(m, 1H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 6H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.66 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 410 Synthesis of Compounds 488-518 and 592-604 Microsorb 1s:Column: Varian Microsorb 100 C18, 30×4 6 mm

-   -   UV-Detection: 210-380 nm    -   Eluent A: Water (0.15% TFA), Eluent B: Acetonitrile    -   Gradient:

Time (min) % Eluent B Flow mL/min 0.00 5 3.5 0.18 5 3.5 2.00 98 3.5 2.2098 3.5 2.30 5 3.5 2.50 5 3.5

Microsorb 4s MeOH: Column: Varian Microsorb 100 C18, 30×4.6 mm

-   -   UV-Detection: 210-380 nm    -   Eluent A: Water (0.13% TFA), Eluent B: Methanol    -   Gradient:

Time (min) % Eluent B Flow mL/min 0.00 5 2.4 0.35 5 2.4 3.95 100 2.44.45 100 2.4 4.55 5 2.4 4.90 5 2.4

Microsorb 7s MeOH: Column: Varian Microsorb C18, 20×4.6 mm

-   -   UV-Detection: 210-380 nm    -   Eluent A: Water (0.13% TFA), Eluent B: Methanol    -   Gradient:

Time (min) % Eluent B Flow mL/min 0.00 5 5.2 0.25 5 5.2 1.90 100 5.22.05 100 5.2 2.15 5 5.2 2.25 5 5.2

A. Compound 504

Step 1. 6-(4-Methoxy-benzyloxy)-indan-1-one

4-methoxybenzylchloride (9.19 mL, 67.5 mmol) was added to a mixture of6-hydroxy-1-indanone (10 g, 67.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (14 g,101 mmol) in 15 mL DMF. The mixture was reacted at RT for 14 h. Thereaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. Theorganic layer was separated and the solvents were removed byevaporation. The residue was dissolved in DCM and filtered through aplug of activated basic alumina. 6-(4-Methoxy-benzyloxy)-indan-1-one (18g, 99%) was obtained after evaporation of the filtrate. The material wastaken to the next step without further purification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.46 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=269

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 504 stepl thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting Starting material material MS HPLC Rt No. 1 2 Product m/z [M +H]⁺ Method min 1.1.1 compound 505 Step 1

289 Microsorb 1s 1.55 1.1.2 compound 4.1.1

427 Microsorb 1s 1.75 1.1.3

239 Microsorb 1s 1.52

Compound 504 Step 2

6-(4-Methoxy-benzyloxy)-indan-1-one (13.5 g 95%, 47.8 mmol) was mixedwith methyl acrylate (17.33 mL, 191 mmol) and heated to 60° C. Potassiumfluoride (60% on alumina, Aldrich, 22.2 g, 382 mmol) was added inportions. The mixture was cooled to RT and Celite was added. The mixturewas washed with DCM (200 mL). Evaporation yielded the crude productCompound 504 Step 2 (14.8 g, 70%). The material was taken to the nextstep without further purification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.55 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=441

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 504 step 2 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting MS HPLC Rt No. material Product m/z [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.2.1compound 518 Step 1

421 Microsorb 1s 1.46

Compound 504 Step 3

Potassium-3,7-dimethyl-octan-3-olate (14.4 g, 36.7 mmol, 50% in heptane,BASF) in toluene (50 mL) was heated to reflux under nitrogen. Compound504 Step 2 (14.7 g, 33.4 mmol) was added in toluene (50 mL). The mixturewas refluxed for 12 h. The solvents were evaporated and the crudeproduct Compound 504 Step 3 was taken to the next step without furtherpurification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.69 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=409

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 504 step 3 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting MS HPLC Rt No. material Product m/z [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.3.11.2.1

389 Microsorb 1s 1.58

Compound 504 Step 4

To Compound 504 Step 3 (2.78 g) in MeOH (20 mL) was added 4 M aqueousNaOH (7.0 mL, 28.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 70° C. Themixture was cooled to RT. The precipitate was filtered, washed withwater and dried to give Compound 504 Step 4 (1.2 g, 50%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.49 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=351

Compound 504 Step 5

Sodium borohydride (1.1 g, 29.2 mmol) was added portionwise over aperiod of 1 h to Compound 504 Step 4 (10.2 g) in THF (70 mL) at −78° C.After 1 h the mixture was heated to 4° C. and stirred for 12 h. Acetone(13.7 mL) was added. After 15 min the mixture was diluted with water andextracted with EA. The organic layer was separated and the solvents wereevaporated to yield Compound 504 Step 5 (8.0 g) that was taken to thenext step without further purification. The material contained thediasteromeric alcohol as minor impurity.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.50 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=353

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step 5 thefollowing compound was obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.5.1

295/297 (Br) Microsorb 1s 1.31 1.5.2 2.3.1

323 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.22 1.5.3 23.1.1

323 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.21

Compound 504 Step 6

Methyliodide (5.71 mL, 90.8 mmol) was added to Compound 504 Step 5 (8 g,22.7 mmol) in DMF (70 mL) followed by portionwise addition of sodiumhydride (60% in mineral oil, 4.54 g, 114 mmol). The mixture was stirredfor 2 h at RT and 2 h at 40° C. Methanol was added (1 mL). The reactionwas diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer wasseparated and the solvents were evaporated. The crude product waspurified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: methanol) to giveCompound 504 Step 6 (4.5 g) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.77 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=367

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step 6 thefollowing compound was obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting materials Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.6.1

309/311 (Br) Microsorb 1s 1.55 1.6.2 1.5.2

337 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.45

Compound 504 Step 7

Compound 504 Step 6 (96 mg, 0.26 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrousacetonitrile (2 mL) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolvedin acetonitrile (6 mL) and cesium fluoride (160 mg, 1.05 mmol) and1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodimide (0.24 mL, 1.05 mmol) were added. Themixture was stirred at 50° C. for 13 h. The reaction mixture wasquenched with water and extracted with EA. The organic layer wasseparated. Evaporation yielded Compound 504 Step 7. Toluene was added (2mL) and evaporated to dryness to remove traces of water. The residualmaterial was taken to the next step without further purification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.70 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=391

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step 7 thefollowing compound was obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.7.11.1.1

313 Microsorb 1s 1.59 1.7.2 1.1.3

361 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.51

Compound 504 Step 8

A mixture of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (43 mg, 0.51 mmol) inanhydrous EtOH (2 mL) was treated with sodium hydride (60% in mineraloil, 18 mg, 0.46 mmol) and added to a mixture of Compound 504 Step 7(100 mg, 0.26 mmol) in anhydrous EtOH (2 mL). The mixture was stirredfor 45 min at RT. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EA.The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified by HPLC(eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: methanol) to give the desiredproduct Compound 504 (21 mg, 12%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s):

Rt: 1.33/1.39 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=438

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step 8 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method minCompound 516  1.7.2

408 Microsorb 4s MeOH  2.82/ 3.08 Compound 594 32.3.2

428 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.20 Compound 595 32.3.3

428 Microsorb 4s MeOH  2.88/ 3.19 Compound 596 32.3.4

436 Microsorb 4s MeOH  3.05/ 3.29 Compound 597 32.3.5

422 Microsorb 1s MeOH  1.42/ 1.50 Compound 601 32.3.6

466 Microsorb 4s MeOH  2.94/ 3.19

B. Compound 488

Compound 488 Step 1.3-[6-Bromo-2-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-1-oxo-indan-2-yl]-propionic acidmethyl ester

To 6-bromo-1-indanone (25 g, 0.12 mol) in dioxane (150 mL) was addedTriton B (2.48 mL, 6.3 mmol) and hydroquinone (5 mg, 0.05 mmol). Afterstirring the mixture for 10 min at 50° C. methylacrylate (21.5 mL, 0.24mol) in 50 mL dioxane was added. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 50°C. and 14 h at RT. Then 2 mL methylacrylate was added and the reactionwas stirred for 1 h at 50° C. The reaction mixture was poured ontowater, extracted with EA and the solvents were evaporated. The residuewas purified by MPLC (340 g silicagel, gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50)to give3-[6-Bromo-2-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-1-oxo-indan-2-yl]-propionic acidmethyl ester (38 g, 84%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s MeOH),

Rt: 3.18 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=383/385 (Br)

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 488 step 1 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.1.11.1.3

411 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.36

Compound 488 Step 2

200 mL toluene which contained 2.5 g (108 mmol) of sodium were heated toreflux. Under an atmosphere of nitrogen3-[6-Bromo-2-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-1-oxo-indan-2-yl]-propionic acidmethyl ester (compound 504 Step 1) (38 g, 99.3 mmol) in 200 mL Toluolwere added. The reaction was RF for 14 h and 0.5 g sodium was added.After 2.5 h under reflux the mixture was cooled to RT and 0.5 M aqueousHCl (400 mL) was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with EA and theorganic layer was evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (340 gsilicagel, gradien CH/EA 100:0 to 70:30) to give Compound 488 Step 2 (17g, 49%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s MeOH),

Rt: 3.54 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=351/353 (Br)

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 488 step 2 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.2.12.1.1

379 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.66

Compound 488 Step 3

To Compound 488 Step 2 (17.1 g, 48.7 mmol) in MeOH (170 mL) was added 1M aqueous NaOH (200 mL, 200 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at120° C. The reaction was cooled and the precipitate was filtered off,washed with water and MeOH and dried to give Compound 488 Step 3 (12.6g, 81%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s MeOH),

Rt: 2.98 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=293/395 (Br)

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 488 step 3 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.3.12.2.1

321 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.23

Compound 488 Step 4

To compound 1.6.1 (300 mg, 0.97 mmol) in dioxane (12 mL) was addedPdCl₂dppf (72 mg, 0.1 mmol) and (cyclohexyl)methyl zinc-bromide (9.6 mL,4.8 mmol) under argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at50° C. Then the reaction was diluted with DCM and water was added. Thelayers was separated and the organic layer was washed with brine andaqueous ammoniumchloride solution. The organic layer was evaporated. Theresidue was purified by MPLC (50 g silicagel, gradient petrol PE/EA100:0 to 70:30) to give Compound 488 Step 4 (213 mg, 67%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.99 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=327

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 488 step 4 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method mint 2.4.1

272 Microsorb 1s 1.65 2.4.2

287 Microsorb 1s 1.74 2.4.3

335 Microsorb 1s 1.75 2.4.4

301 Microsorb 1s 1.88 2.4.5

273 Microsorb 1s  1.78/ 1.81 2.4.6

301 Microsorb 1s 1.84 2.4.7

287 Microsorb 1s 1.91 2.4.8

299 Microsorb 1s 1.93 2.4.9

325 Microsorb 1s 1.97  2.4.10

331 Microsorb 7s 1.38

Compound 488 Step 5

A mixture of Compound 488 Step 4 (210 mg, 0.64 mmol) and titanium-(IV)chloride (1N in DCM) (1.29 mL, 1.29 mmol) was stirred for 1 h at RT.Then 1,3-bis(trimethylsiyl)carbodiimide (0.48 mL, 2.07 mmol) was added.The reaction was stirred for 2 h at RT. The reaction was quenched withwater and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was evaporated and thecrude product Compound 488 StepS was taken to the next step.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.99 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=351

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 488 step 5 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.5.12.4.1

297 Microsorb 1s 1.70 2.5.2 2.4.2

311 Microsorb 1s 1.77 2.5.3 2.4.3

359 Microsorb 1s 1.78 2.5.4 2.4.4

325 Microsorb 1s 1.89 2.5.5 2.4.5

297 Microsorb 1s  1.81/ 1.83 2.5.6 2.4.6

325 Microsorb 1s 1.87 2.5.7 Compound 502 step1

283 Microsorb 1s 1.72 2.5.8 2.4.7

311 Microsorb 1s 1.92 2.5.9 2.4.8

323 Microsorb 1s 1.97  2.5.10 2.4.9

325 Microsorb 1s 1.97  2.5.11 Compound 517 Step2

361 Microsorb 1s 1.54  2.5.12 Compound 518 Step3

371 Microsorb 1s 1.66  2.5.13 Compound 602 Step1

343 Microsorb 1s 1.60  2.5.14 Compound 603 Step2

341 Microsorb 1s 1.68  2.5.15 Compound 602 Step2

355 Microsorb 1s 1.55  2.5.16 Compound 504 Step6

391 Microsorb 1s 1.67Compound 488 step 6

A mixture of N-methylhydroxylamine (35 mg, 0.42 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) wastreated with sodium hydride (60% in Mineral Oil) (16.8 mg, 0.42 mmol)and added to a mixture of Compound 488 Step 5 (73 mg, 0.21 mmol) in EtOH(2 mL). The reaction was stirred for 1 h at RT. Water was added and themixture was extracted with EA. The solvents were evaporated and theresidue was purified by MPLC (10 g Silicagel, CH/EE 100:0 to 50:50) togive the desired product compound 488 (43 mg, 52%). (Method: Microsorb7s MeOH)

Rt: 1.52/1.65 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=398

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 488 step 6 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method minCompound 489 2.5.1

297 Microsorb 1s  1.27/ 1.36 Compound 490 2.5.2

297 Microsorb 1s  1.34/ 1.44

C. Compound 491

Compound 491 Step 1

Compound 2.5.2 (155 mg, 0.5 mmol), potassium cyanide (65 mg, 1 mmol) andammonium carbonate (336 mg, 3.5 mmol) in EtOH (1.5 mL) and water (1.5mL) were stirred for 14 h at 75° C. in a sealed tube. The mixture wascooled, diluted with water and extracted with EA. The organic layer waswashed with brine and evaporated. The crude product Compound 491 Step1was taken to the next step.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.38 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=357

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 491 step 1 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 3.1.1Compound 504 Step7

437 Microsorb 1s 1.33 3.1.2 Compound 488 Step5

397 Microsorb 1s 1.66 3.1.3 2.5.1

343 Microsorb 1s 1.30 3.1.4 2.5.3

405 Microsorb 1s 1.44 3.1.5 2.5.4

371 Microsorb 1s 1.58 3.1.6 2.5.5

343 Microsorb 1s  1.34/ 1.37 3.1.7 2.5.6

371 Microsorb 1s 1.55 3.1.8 2.5.7

329 Microsorb 1s 1.27 3.1.9 2.5.8

357 Microsorb 1s 1.47  3.1.10 2.5.9

410 Microsorb 1s 1.47  3.1.11  2.5.10

371 Microsorb 1s 1.51  3.1.12  2.5.13

389 Microsorb 1s 1.19  3.1.13  2.5.14

387 Microsorb 1s 1.28  3.1.14  2.5.15

401 Microsorb 1s 1.15  3.1.15  2.5.16

437 Microsorb 1s 1.42

Compound 491 Step 2

Compound 491 Step 1 (155 mg, 0.3 mmol, purity: 72%), 2-iodopropane (35μl, 0.35 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (49 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were stirredfor 14 h at RT. Then 0.02 mL2-iodopropane was added and the mixture wasstirred for 3 h. The reaction was diluted with DCM and extracted withwater. The organic layer was evaporated. The residue was purified byMPLC (10 g silicagel, gradient CH/EA 100:0 to 70:30) to give Compound491 Step 2 (89 mg, 71%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.64 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=399

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 491 step 2 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 3.2.13.1.1

479 Microsorb 1s 1.54 3.2.2 3.1.2

439 Microsorb 1s 1.99 3.2.3 3.1.3

385 Microsorb 1s 1.57 3.2.4 3.1.4

447 Microsorb 1s 1.80 3.2.5 3.1.5

413 Microsorb 1s 1.88 3.2.6 3.1.6

385 Microsorb 1s  1.66/ 1.68 3.2.7 3.1.7

429 Microsorb 1s 2.03 3.2.8 3.1.8

371 Microsorb 1s 1.59 3.2.9 3.1.9

399 Microsorb 1s 1.77  3.2.10  3.1.10

411 Microsorb 1s 1.77  3.2.11  3.1.11

413 Microsorb 1s 1.79  3.2.12 3.3.15

503 Microsorb 1s 1.93  3.2.13 3.3.15

443 Microsorb 1s 2.08  3.2.14 3.3.15

443 Microsorb 1s  1.72/ 1.83  3.2.15 32.4.1

435 Microsorb 1s 1.56  3.2.16 3.1.12

453 Microsorb 7s 1.30  3.2.17 3.1.13

451 Microsorb 1s 1.50  3.2.18 3.1.14

465 Microsorb 7s 1.28

Compound 491 Step 3

Compound 491 Step 2 (88 mg, 0.22 mmol) and2,4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,3,2,4]dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide(178.6 mg, 0.44 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) were stirred for 1 h at 130° C.in the microwave. Then additional (178.6 mg, 0.44 mmol)2,4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,3,2,4]dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfidewas added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h under the same conditions.The solvent was evaporated. The residue purified by MPLC (25 gsilicagel, gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 60:40 to give Compound 491 Step 3(66 mg, 72%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.81 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=415

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 491 step 3 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 3.3.11.1.2

443 Microsorb 1s 1.94 3.3.2 3.2.2

445 Microsorb 1s 2.13 3.3.3 3.2.3

401 Microsorb 1s 1.74 3.3.4 3.2.4

463 Microsorb 1s 1.96 3.3.5 3.2.5

429 Microsorb 1s 2.05 3.3.6 3.2.6

401 Microsorb 1s  1.85/ 1.88 3.3.7 3.2.7

412 Microsorb 1s 1.59 3.3.8 3.2.8

387 Microsorb 1s 1.78 3.3.9 3.2.9

415 Microsorb 1s 1.92  3.3.10  3.2.10

427 Microsorb 1s 1.93  3.3.11  3.2.11

429 Microsorb 1s 1.97  3.3.12 Compound 510 Step5

465 Microsorb 1s 1.80  3.3.13 Compound 511 Step1

451 Microsorb 1s 1.87  3.3.14 Compound 512 Step1

469 Microsorb 1s 1.91  3.3.15 3.1.7

387 Microsorb 7s MeOH 1.51 Compound 599 Compound 599 Step2

431 Microsorb 1s 1.88 Compound 600 39.2.1 

461 Microsorb 1s 1.76 Compound 602  3.2.16

469 Microsorb 1s 1.56 Compound 603  3.2.17

467 Microsorb 1s 1.64 Compound 604  3.2.18

481 Microsorb 1s 1.55

Compound 491 Step 4

Compound 491 Step 3 (65 mg, 0.16 mmol) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (6 Min decane, 0.55 mL, 3.30 mmol) and 5 mL ammonia in methanol (7 M) werestirred for 3 d. The solvent was evaporated and the residue purified byMPLC (10 g silicagel, gradient: DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 90:10) to giveCompound 491 Step 4 (22 mg, 35%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s MeOH)

Rt: 1.55 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=398

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 491 step 4 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method minCompound 598 32.5.2

434 Microsorb 1s 1.41

D. Compound 505

Compound 505 Step 1

Compound 504 Step 6 (900 mg, 2.46 mmol) was added to a mixture of DCM (5mL), TFA (5 mL), water (0.050 mL), and triisopropylsilane (1 mL). Themixture was stirred at RT for 5 min. The solvents were evaporated andthe residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 505 Step 1 (300 mg, 50%)as an oil.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s):

Rt: 1.12 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=247

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 505 step 1 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 4.1.13.2.1

359 Microsorb 1s 1.25

Compound 505 Step 2

A mixture of N-methylhydroxylamin hydrochloride (77 mg, 0.92 mmol) inanhydrous EtOH (3 mL) was treated with sodium hydride (60% in mineraloil, 34 mg, 0.86 mmol) and added to a mixture of compound 1.7.1 (120 mg)in anhydrous EtOH (3 mL). The mixture was stirred for 3 h min at RT.Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EA. The solvents wereevaporated and the residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13%TFA, eluent B: methanol). The base was liberated by dissolution in DCMand extraction with aqueous potassium carbonate solution. Separation ofthe organic layer and evaporation of the solvents yields the desiredproduct Compound 505 (5 mg, 5%) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s):

Rt: 1.27/1.34 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=360

E. Compound 506

Compound 506 Step 1

Compound 3.3.1 (260 mg) was mixed with ammonia (7 M in MeOH, 2 mL) andtert.-butylhydroperoxide (5.5 M in nonane, 0.49 mL, 2.70 mmol) andstirred for 48 h at RT. DCM and Na₂S₂O₃ (10% in water) were added. Theorganic layer was separated and the solvents were evaporated. Theresidue was purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 506 (25 mg) as a whitesolid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.56 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=426

F. Compound 492

Compound 492 Step 1

The product was obtained in analogy to compound 505 step 2 from compound2.5.3. The crude product was purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13%TFA, eluent B: methanol) to yield the product as TFA salt compound 492as a white solid (101 mg, 80%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.38/1.47 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=406

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 492 step 1 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method minCompound 493 2.5.4 

372 Microsorb 1s 1.43/1.54 Compound 497 2.5.5 

344 Microsorb 1s 1.31/1.39 Compound 501 2.5.6 

372 Microsorb 1s 1.40/1.51 Compound 502 2.5.7 

330 Microsorb 1s 1.23/1.32 Compound 517 2.5.11

408 Microsorb 1s 1.18/1.26 Compound 518 2.5.12

418 Microsorb 1s 1.28Compound 502 step 1

To compound 1.6.1 (300 mg, 0.97 mmol) and PdCl₂dppf (70 mg, 0.096 mmol)in dioxane (10 mL) at 0° C. diethyl-zinc in hexane (1 M, 2.00 mL, 2.00mmol) was added under argon atmosphere. The mixture was allowed to warmto RT and stirred for 14 h. The mixture was purified by MPLC (25 gsilicagel, gradient CH/EA 100:0 to 60:40) to give Compound 502 Step 1(197 mg, 79%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.69 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=259

G. Compound 495

Compound 495 Step 1

Compound 3.3.2 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was mixed with ammonia (7 M in MeOH, 3mL) and tert.-butylhydroperoxide (6 M in decane, 0.38 mL, 2.28 mmol).The mixture was stirred for 3 d at RT. The solvents were evaporated. Theresidue was purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the desired product compound 495 (30 mg, 50%) as awhite solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.71 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=438

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 495 step 1 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method minCompound 494 3.3.3 

384 Microsorb 1s 1.43 Compound 496 3.3.4 

446 Microsorb 1s 1.58 Compound 503 3.3.5 

412 Microsorb 1s 1.62 Compound 499 3.3.6 

384 Microsorb 7s 1.47 Compound 498 3.3.7 

412 Microsorb 1s 1.59 Compound 500 3.3.8 

370 Microsorb 1s 1.37 Compound 508 3.3.9 

398 Microsorb 7s 1.52 Compound 507 3.3.10

410 Microsorb 1s 1.54 Compound 509 3.3.11

412 Microsorb 7s 1.53 Compound 510 3.3.12

448 Microsorb 1s 1.43 Compound 511 3.3.13

434 Microsorb 7s 1.48 Compound 512 3.3.14

452 Microsorb 7s 1.53

Compound 510 Step 1

The reaction was split between 7 microwave vials (20 mL). To Compound488 Step 3 (4.99 g, 16.7 mmol) in 61 mL dioxane was added3-methoxyphenyl boronic acid (3.05 g, 20.0 mmol), Na2CO3 solution (2 Min water, 25 mL, 51.8 mmol) and1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene-dichloropalladium-(II). Argon wasbubbled through the mixture for 1 min and the vials with the mixturewere heated in the microwave to 140° C. for 30 min. The content of thevials was pooled and the mixture concentrated. The residue was mixedwith DCM, filtered over silica and the filtrate washed with aqueoussaturated ammonium chloride solution and brine. The organic phase wasdried and evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (340 gsilicagel, gradient: CH/EA 1:0 to 1:1, 90 min). The product wasdissolved in DCM and washed with aqueous NaOH solution. The organiclayer was evaporated to yield the product Compound 510 Step 1 (3.25 g,61%)

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.51 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=321

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 510 step 1 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 23.1.1Compound 488 step 3

321 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.21

Compound 510 Step 2

To a mixture of anhydrous iron-(III) chloride 15.2 mg (0.094 mmol) andCompound 510 Step 1 (600 mg, 1.87 mmol) in ACN (20 mL)isopropoxy-trimethylsilane (1.66 mL, 9.36 mmol) and triethylsilane (1.05mL, 6.56 mmol) were added successively at RT under an argon atmosphere.The mixture was stirred 14 h. 50 mg of iron-(III) chloride were addedand the mixture was stirred for 24 h at RT. The mixture was diluted withphosphate buffer (pH 7) and extracted with DCM. The mixture wasevaporated and the crude product purified by HPLC (C18, eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: ACN). The first eluting diastereomer wascollected. Freeze drying gave the product Compound 510 Step 2 as a whitepowder.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.95 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=365

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 510 step 2 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 23.2.123.1.1

351 Microsorb 1s MeOH 1.88

Compound 510 Step 3

To Compound 510 Step 2 (300 mg, 0.82 mmol) in dry DCM (3 mL)titanium-(IV) chloride (1 N in DCM, 1.73 mL, 1.73 mmol) was added. Themixture was stirred for 45 min at RT. 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodimid(0.67 mL, 2.88 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 2 h at RT.The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organiclayer was evaporated to yield the product Compound 510 Step 3 as whitesolid (310 mg, 97%.)

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.96 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=389

Compound 510 Step 4

Compound 510 Step 3 (247 mg, 0.64 mmol), potassium cyanide (82.7 mg,1.27 mmol) and ammonium carbonate (428 mg, 4.45 mmol) in EtOH (1.0 mL)and water (1.0 mL) were stirred for 14 h at 75° C. in a sealed tube. Themixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EA. Theorganic layer was evaporated. The crude product was evaporated andpurified by MPLC (25 g silicagel, gradient: DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 93:3). Theproduct Compound 510 Step 4 was obtained as white solid (150 mg, 54%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.51 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=335

Compound 510 Step 5

Compound 510 Step 4 (150 mg, 0.35 mmol), methyliodide (24 μl, 0.38 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (105 mg, 0.76 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) were mixed and stirred inthe microwave for 20 min at 100° C. The reaction was diluted with DCMand water and the mixture extracted with DCM. The organic layer wasevaporated. The was residue purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA,eluent B: methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 510 Step 5(150 mg, 97%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.63 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=449

Compound 511 Step 1

Compound 511 Step 1 was prepared from 3.1.7 (87%, 167 mg, 0.40 mmol) inanalogy to Compound 510 Step 2. Instead of 2-iodopropane2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane (63 mg, 0.44 mmol) was used to obtain 173 mg(95%) Compound 511 Step 1 as a colorless resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s),

Rt: 1.57 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=435

Compound 512 Step 1

Compound 512 Step 1 was prepared from 3.1.7 (87% 167 mg, 0.40 mmol) inanalogy to Compound 491 Step 2. Instead of 2-iodopropane2,2,2-trifluoroethyltrifluoromethylsulfonate (63 μl, 0.44 mmol) was usedto obtain 165 mg (93%) Compound 512 Step 1 as a colorless resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s),

Rt: 1.61 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=453.

H. Compound 513

Compound 513 Step 1

Product 3.2.12 (152 mg, 0.3 mmol) and ammonium iodide (350 mg, 2.41mmol) in ammonia (2 M in EtOH, 6.0 mL, 17.3 mmol) were stirred for 2 hat 120° C. in the microwave. The solvents were evaporated. The residuewas purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: methanol) toyield the product as TFA salt compound 513 as a white solid (98.8 mg,60%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.52 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=428

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 513 step 1 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method minCompound 514 3.2.13

398 Microsorb 7s MeOH 1.50 Compound 515 3.2.14

384 Microsorb 7s MeOH 1.48

I. Compound 517

Compound 517 Step 1

To Compound 488 Step 3 (1.5 g, 5.12 mmol), 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid(930 mg, 6.12 mmol), PdCl₂dppf (200 mg, 0.27 mmol) and potassiumcarbonate (2M in water, 7.65 mL, 15.3 mmol) in dioxane (18 mL) and MeOH(6 mL) were stirred for 30 min at 140° C. in the microwave. The solventswere evaporated. To the residue was added DCM. The organic layer waswashed with ammoniumchloride solution and with brine. The DCM wasevaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (100 g silicagel,gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50). The product Compound 517 Step 1 wasobtained as a solid (1.39 g, 85%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.53 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=321

Compound 517 Step 2

To Compound 517 Step 1 (1.39 g, 4.34 mmol) in THF at −78° C. was addedmethylmagnesium chloride (3 M, 1.6 mL, 4.8 mmol) in THF. After stirringfor 1.5 h at −78° C. the mixture was warmed to RT. The reaction wascoolded down to 0° C. and methylmagnesium chloride (1 mL) was added. Thereaction was quenched with ammoniumchloride solution and extracted withDCM. The organic layer was washed with brine and the solvent wasevaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (120 g silicagel,gradient: DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 95:5) and then by MPLC (120 g silicagel,gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50). The first eluting stereoisomer wascollected. The product Compound 517 Step 2 was obtained as a solid (1.39g, 85%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.48 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=337

J. Compound 518

Compound 518 Step 1

5-Fluoro-6-hydroxy-indan-1-one (7.50 g, 45.1 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (17.0 g,123 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) were stirred for 10 min at 80° C. Then2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoro-methanesulphonate (10.7 g, 46.1 mmol) wasadded and the mixture was stirred for 2 min at 80° C. Water was addedand the mixture was extracted with EA. The organic layer separated andthe solvents were evaporated to give Compound 518 Step 1 (10.4 g, 93%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.34 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=249

Compound 518 Step 2

To compound 1.3.1 (28.5 g) in dioxane (80 mL) was added 4 M aqueous HCl(50 mL). The mixture was stirred for 14 h at 120° C. The solvents wereevaporated. The was residue purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA,eluent B: methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 518 Step 2(4.8 g).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.49 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=331

Compound 518 Step 3

To compound 518 Step 2 (1.30 g, 3.94 mmol) and ferric chloride (31.9 mg,0.20 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (50 mL) was addedmethoxytrimethylsilane (5.43 mL, 39.4 mmol) and triethylsilane (6.29 mL,39.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred 10 min at RT. The solvents wereevaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA,eluent B: acetonitrile) to yield the desired product Compound 518 Step 3(610 mg, 45%) as the earlier eluting diastereomer.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.64 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=347

K. Compound 592

Compound 592 Step 1

To 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (1.00 g,3.23 mmol) in dioxane/water (1:1, 10 mL) was added potasium hydroxide(1.05 g, 18.7 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (150 mg,0.16 mmol) and di-tert-butyl-(2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-phosphane (280mg, 0.58 mmol). The mixture was stirred in the microwave for 10 min at140° C. The mixture was diluted with EA and 1 M HCl and extracted withEA. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated. Theresidue was purified by MPLC (100 g silicagel, gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to40:60 over 70 min). The product compound 592 Step 1 was obtained as ayellow resin (660 mg, 83%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s MeOH),

Rt: 1.16 min; Mass (M+H)⁺ 247

Compound 592 Step 2

Compound 592 Step 1 (275 mg, 1.12 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (330mg, 2.25 mmol, copper(II)-acetate (17.3 mg, 0.095 mmol) and molecularsieves (4 A, 1.0 g) in DCM (7 mL) were mixed, than pyridine (442 μl,5.58 mmol) was added and argon was bubbled through the mixture. Themixture was stirred in a sealed tube for 14 h at RT. The tube was openedand 17 mg copper(II)-acetate was added. The vial was closed again andstirred 14 h at RT. Then it was opened again and stirred with a dryingtube over night at RT. 270 mg 3-cyanophenyl boronic acid, 17 mgcopper(II)-acetate and 440 μL pyridine were added and the mixturestirred at RT for 3 days. The precipitate was separated, the filtratewas diluted with DCM, saturated NaHCO₃-solution and brine. The organiclayer was separated and the solvent was evaporated. The crude productwas purified by MPLC (25 g silicagel, gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50over 50 min) to give Compound 592 Step 2 (197 mg, 51%) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.65 min; Mass (M+H)⁺ 348

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 592 step 2 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M +H]⁺ Method min 32.2.1 Compound 592 Step 1

391 Microsorb 1s 2.04 32.2.2 Compound 594 Step 1

357 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.56 32.2.3 Compound 595 Step 1

357 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.53

Compound 592 Step 3

To compound 592 Step 2 (195 mg, 0.561 mmol) in DCM (anhydrous, 12 mL)titanium(IV)-chloride (1 N in dioxane, 1.11 mL, 1.11 mmol) was added andthe mixture stirred at RT for 1 h. Then1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimde (418 μl, 1.80 mmol) was added andmixture stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched withwater and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and thesolvent was evaporated to give compound 592 Step 3 (239 mg, purity 85%,97%) as a resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.67 min; Mass (M+H)⁺ 372

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 3 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 Product [M + H]⁺ Method min32.3.1 32.2.1

415/ 417 Microsorb 1s 2.01 32.3.2 32.2.2

381 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.56 32.3.3 32.2.3

381 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.52/ 3.67 32.3.4 Compound 597 step 1

389 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.71 32.3.5 23.2.1

375 Microsorb 1s MeOH 1.88 32.3.6 36.1.1

419 Microsorb 1s MeOH 3.58

Compound 592 Step 4

Compound 592 Step 3 (188 mg, 0.506 mmol), potassium cyanide (66 mg, 1.01mmol) and ammonium carbonate (500 mg, 5.20 mmol) in EtOH (1.5 mL) andwater (1.5 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 h at 75° C. The mixture wascooled, diluted with water and EA. The mixture extracted with EA. Theorganic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated to givecompound 592 Step 4 as a white solid of 90% purity (164 mg, 70%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.34 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=418

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 4 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.4.132.3.5

421 Microsorb 1s 1.45

Compound 592 Step 5

To compound 592-Step 4 (164 mg, purity 90%, 0.35 mmol) in toluene(anhydrous, 10 mL)2,4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,3,2,4]dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide(145 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added and nitrogen was bubbled trough themixture. Then the reaction was stirred for 14 h at 125° C. The solventwas evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (25 g silicagel,gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50 over 50 min) to give compound 592-Step 5(107 mg, 71%) as a yellow resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.45 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=434

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 5 thefollowing compounds were obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.5.1Compound 593 Step 1

477/ 479 Microsorb 1s 1.70 32.5.2 3.2.15

541 Microsorb 1s 1.73

Compound 592 Step 6

Compound 592 Step 5 (107 mg, 0.25 mmol), methyliodide (62 μl, 1.0 mmol)and K₂CO₃ (160 mg, 1.16 mmol) in ACN (anhydrous, 3 mL) were mixed andstirred in the microwave first for 20 min at 60° C. then 20 min at 100°C. The reaction was diluted with DCM and water and the mixture extractedwith DCM. The organic layer was evaporated to yield the desired productcompound 592 Step 6 (100 mg, purity 88%, 77%) as a colorless resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.61 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=462

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 6 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.6.132.5.1

505/507 Microsorb 1s 1.98

Compound 592 Step 7

Compound 592 Step 6 (100 mg, 0.19 mmol) and ammonium iodide (221 mg,1.53 mmol) in ammonia (2 M in EtOH, 4.0 mL, 8 mmol) were stirred for 3 hat 120° C. in the microwave. The solvents were evaporated. The residuewas purified by HPLC (eluent A: water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: methanol) toyield the product as TFA salt compound 592 as a white solid (69 mg,67%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.30 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=431

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 7 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method minCompound 593 32.6.1

474/476 Microsorb 1s MeOH 1.54

L. Compound 593

Compound 593 Step 1

Product 32.3.1 (166 mg, 0.40 mmol), potassium cyanide (52 mg, 0.80 mmol)and ammoniumcarbonate (270 mg, 2.81 mmol) in EtOH (1.5 mL) and water(1.5 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 h at 75° C. The mixture wascooled, diluted with water and EA. The mixture extracted with EA. Theorganic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated to givecompound 593 Step 1 as a white solid of 80% purity (176 mg, 76%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.60 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=461/46

M. Compound 596

Compound 596-Step 1

To product 1.5.3 (200 mg, 0.62 mmol) in THF was added NaH (112 mg, 2.79mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT. Then 1-iodopropane(131.7 mg, 0.78 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. and the mixture wasallowed to warm up and stirred for 14 h at RT. The mixture was quenchedwith water and the organic layer was evaporated. The residue wasextracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried andevaporated. The crude product was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: methanol) to yield the product compound 596step 1 as a white solid (100 mg, 44%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s)

Rt: 3.66 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=365

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 596 step 1 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M +H]⁺ Method min 36.1.1 1.5.3

395 Microsorb 4s 3.51

N. Compound 599

Compound 599 Step 1

Product 3.2.1 (2.6 g, 5.43 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid containing 5%water (5.0 mL) in DCM (5.0 mL) were mixed and stirred for 5 min at RT.The solvents were evaporated, the residue was stirred in MeOH, theprecipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to givecompound 599 Step 1 as an orange oil (2.3 g, 80% purity, 95% yield).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.25 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=359

Compound 599 Step 2

To compound 599 Step 1 (300 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 1.0 mL),1-iodo-2-methylpropane (0.95 mL, 8.04 mmol) and sodium hydride (320 mg,60%, 8.035 mmol) were mixed together and stirred for 20 h at 35° C. Themixture was diluted with 2 M HCl and extracted with DCM. The organiclayer was separated and evaporated. The crude product was purified byMPLC (gradient DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 98:2 over 30 min) to give compound 599Step 2 as an oil (300 mg, 85% purity, 92% yield).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.69 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=415

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 599 step 2 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M +H]⁺ Method min 39.2.1 Compound 599 Step 1

445 Microsorb 1s 1.56

O. Compound 602

Compound 602 Step 1

Product compound 592 step 1 (200 mg, 0.812 mmol),1-bromo-3-methoxypropane (130 mg, 0.850 mmol) and potassium carbonate(340 mg, 2.46 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 h at100° C. The mixture was diluted with EA and extracted with water. Theorganic layer was separated and the solvent was evaporated to givecompound 602 Step1 as a yellow resin (234 mg, 91%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.52 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=319

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 602 step 1 thefollowing compound was obtained:

Starting Starting MS m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M +H]⁺ Method min 42.1.1 Compound 592 step 1

331 Microsorb 1s 1.49

P. Compound 603

Compound 603 Step 1

Product 2.4.10 (395 mg, 1.20 mmol), trifluoroacetic acid (4.0 mL) andwater (50 μL, 2.78 mmol) in DCM (4.0 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 hat RT. The mixture was diluted with DCM and quenched with saturatedNaHCO₃ and NaOH (1 M). The organic layer was washed with water, driedand evaporated to give compound 603 Step 1 as a yellow solid (285 mg,83%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.31 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=287

Compound 603 Step 2

To compound 603 Step 1 (200 mg, 0.698 mmol) in ACN (anhydrous, 5 mL)ferric chloride (5.7 mg, 0.035 mmol) was added. Thentrimethylethoxysilane (328 μL, 2.108 mmol) and triethylsilane (343 μL,2.153 mmol) were added successively at RT under an argon atmosphere. Themixture was stirred for 14 h at RT. The mixture was diluted withphosphate buffer (pH7) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer wasseparated and evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (25 gsilicagel, gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 70:30 over 45 min) to give compound603 Step 2 as a resin (134 mg, 61%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.63 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=317

EXAMPLE 411 Synthesis of Compound 519

Step 1. tert-butyl 3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of azetidine-3-carbonitrile hydrochloride (5.03 g, 42 mmol),Boc₂O (10.75 g, 49 mmol), and NaHCO₃ (10.1 g, 120 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50mL) and H₂O (20 mL) was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 15 h.The organic phase was separated and aqueous phase was extracted withCH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄. After thesolvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purifiedby chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate toafford 7.3143 g (95%) of tert-butyl 3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate as asolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 183 (MH⁺), 168(MH⁺-15), 127 (MH⁺-56); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.23-4.15 (m, 4H),3.43-3.35 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 155.40,119.43, 80.68, 52.37, 28.21, 16.99.

Step 2. tert-butyl3-(4-bromo-2-iodobenzyl)-3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate (2.1774 g,11.95 mmol) and 4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-iodobenzene (5.0227 g, 13.36mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 Min THF, 15 mL, 15 mmol) at−78° C. The mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature over20 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with saturated NH₄Cl,extracted with EtOAc, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified bychromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford4.2959 g (75%) of tert-butyl3-(4-bromo-2-iodobenzyl)-3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate as foam. LC-MSt_(R)=2.17 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 477, 479 (MH⁺), 462, 464(MH⁺-15), 421, 423 (MH⁺-56).

Step 3. tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl3-(4-bromo-2-iodobenzyl)-3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate (4.2876 g, 8.99mmol) in THF (120 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5 Min hexane, 3.8 mL, 9.5mmol) at −78° C. dropwise over 10 min under nitrogen. After 1 h, thereaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH₄Cl, diluted with CH₂Cl₂,and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica geleluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 1.7020 g (54%) of tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylateas a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.90 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 352, 354(MH⁺), 337, 339 (MH⁺-15), 296, 298 (MH⁺-56); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.91 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (d, J=8.2Hz, 2H), 3.88 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR(100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 204.38, 156.03, 150.44, 138.17, 137.24, 127.88,127.29, 122.19, 80.05, 57.88, 44.70, 39.67, 28.35.

Step 4. tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-(((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)imino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate(0.2863 g, 0.8 mmol), 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide (0.2000 g, 1.1mmol), and Ti(OEt)₄ (0.6900 g, 3.0 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (3 mL)was heated at 110° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was then quenchedwith ice, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After thesolvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purifiedby chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate toafford 0.4031 g (96%) of tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-(((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)imino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate.LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 515, 517 (MH⁺), 459,461 (MH⁺-56).

Step 5. tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-(((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)imino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate(0.4031 g, 0.78 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added vinylmagnesium bromide(1.0 M in THF, 3 mL, 3.0 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen. The mixture wasallowed to slowly warm to room temperature over 18 h. The reactionmixture was then quenched with saturated NH₄Cl, extracted with EtOAc,and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step withoutfurther purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z543, 545 (MH⁺), 487, 489 (MH⁺-56).

Step 6.6′-bromo-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylicacid

A mixture of tert-butyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate,obtained as described above, and NaIO₄ (1.3800 g, 6.45 mmol), and RuCl₃hydrate (0.0180 g, 0.0867 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL), and H₂O(3 mL) was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reactionmixture was then diluted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄. After thesolvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the crude product wasdirectly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MSt_(R)=1.98 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 533, 535 (MH⁺-28), 505, 507(MH⁺-56).

Step 7. 1-tert-butyl 1′-methyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1,1′-dicarboxylate

A mixture of6′-bromo-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylicacid, obtained as described above, and TMSCHN₂ (2.0 Min hexane, 1 mL) inCH₂Cl₂ (6 mL) and MeOH (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 19 h.After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue waspurified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethylacetate to afford 0.3263 g (72% in three steps) of 1-tert-butyl1′-methyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1,1′-dicarboxylateas foam. LC-MS t_(R)=2.20 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 575, 577(MH⁺), 547, 549 (MH⁺-28), 519, 521 (MH⁺-56).

Step 8. methyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

A mixture of 1-tert-butyl 1′-methyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1,1′-dicarboxylate(0.3010 g, 0.52 mmol) and TFA (1 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was stirred atroom temperature for 2 h. After the solvent was evaporated under reducedpressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ PrepC₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 minand then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) toafford 0.2346 g (76%) of TFA salt of methyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate.LC-MS t_(R)=1.50 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 475, 477 (MH⁺).

Step 9. methyl6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

To a solution of methyl6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylatetrifluoroacetate (0.2196 g, 0.37 mmol) and 2-chloropyrimidine (0.1080 g,0.94 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added Et₃N (0.5 mL) at room temperature.The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 18 h and then concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC(SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1%CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flowrate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0803 g (39%) of methyl6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate.LC-MS t_(R)=1.87 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 553, 555 (MH⁺).

Step 10. methyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

A mixture of methyl6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate(0.0803 g, 0.145 mmol) and CsF (0.6400 g, 4.2 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) washeated at 110° C. for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with MeOH, filteredthrough HPLC filter, and then purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20mL/min) to afford 0.0249 g (34%) of TFA salt of methyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate.LC-MS t_(R)=1.05 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 389, 391 (MH⁺).

Step 11

To a solution of methyl1′-amino-6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylatetrifluoroacetate (0.0249 g, 0.0494 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 mL) was addedEt₃N (0.15 mL) followed by methylisothiocyanate (0.0615 g, 0.84 mmol).The reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 15 h and thenconcentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was directly usedin the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.54 min in 3min chromatography, m/z 430, 432 (MH⁺).

Step 12. Compound 519

A mixture of 3-methyl-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one, obtained as describedabove, ammonia (ca. 7 N solution in MeOH, 2 mL), and TBHP (˜5.5 Msolution in nonane, 0.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 19 h.After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue waspurified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mmcolumn, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O,0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 519 asa TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.09 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 413, 415(MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.36 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 7.58-7.54 (m,2H), 7.34 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (d, J=9.1 Hz,1H), 4.17 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (d, J=9.1 Hz,1H), 3.66 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (d, J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 412 Synthesis of Compound 591

The title compound was made by the method described in example 389. MSESI+ve m/z 416 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.15 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ:8.06-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (m, 7H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.39-1.68 (m,4H).

EXAMPLE 413 Synthesis of Compound 527

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

A solution containing 7A (0.216 g, 0.56 mmol) and compound 7 (0.2 g,0.47 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream ofnitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (20mg, 0.047 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed intoCEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 40 min. After beingcooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (5mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 5 mL), and the aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated invacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC over silica geleluted with petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 8 (80 mg, 38%) asa yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.173 min in 2 min chromatography MS (ESI)m/z 439.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

A Parr flask was charged with compound 8 (80 mg, 0.182 mmol) andmethanol (5 mL), 10% Pd/C (10 mg) was added. The suspension was degassedunder vacuum and flushed several times with hydrogen and thenpressurized with hydrogen (50 Psi) at 60° C. with vigorous stirring for24 h. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with methanol (2×50mL). The filtrate and washings were concentrated by evaporation invacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC over silica geleluting with petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 9 (40 mg, 49%)as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.335 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 443.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (40 mg, 0.090 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (5mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (40 mg, 0.099 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was heated at reflux for 12 h. After coolingdown, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resultingresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleumether: EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 10 (30 mg, 73%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.420 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 459.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 527

To a solution of compound 10 (30 mg, 0.065 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) wasadded NH₄OH (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). After addition,the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent wasremoved by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned betweenEtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (20 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). The organiclayer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give VT_B011010_(—)03 (5 mg, 17%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.118 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 4.61-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.94(m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.89(m, 2H), 2.36-2.53 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.95 (m, 1H),1.58-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.33 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ −76.92, −68.15.

EXAMPLE 414 Synthesis of Compound 533

A mixture of compound 1 (50 mg, 0.115 mmol), compound 1A (8.6 mg, 0.115mmol), CuI (21.8 mg, 0.115 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (75 mg, 0.23 mmol) in NMP (1mL) was placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 195° C. for1 h. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitionedbetween H₂O (10 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. Theresidue was purified by RP-HPLC (acidic) to give compound 533 (5.3 mg,12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.152 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 432.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD 400 MHz): δ 7.32-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.15(s, 1H), 3.90-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 6H), 3.07 (m,1H), 2.98-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m,1H), 1.61-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.46 (m, 5H), 1.01-1.04 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 415 Synthesis of Compounds 521a and 521b

40 mg of compound 207 was purified by preparative SFC HPLC to givecompound 521b (11.3 mg, 28%), LC-MS: t_(R)=1.009 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=4.362min in 8 min chromatography (OD-H_S_(—)4_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3ML_(—)8 min), MS(ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.71 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.40(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 3.24 (s,3H), 2.98-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.91 (m, 2H),1.72 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.18 (m, 2H).

and compound 521a (8.6 mg, 21%), LC-MS: t_(R)=1.017 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=5.544min in 8 min chromatography (OD-H_S_(—)4_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3ML_(—)8 min), MS(ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.71 (s, 1H),7.38-7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H),3.24 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.84-1.92(m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.16-1.28 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 416 Synthesis of Compound 473

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedcompound 1A (33.5 mg, 0.225 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (58 mg, 0.17 mmol). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to givecompound 2 with 84% purity (60 mg, 94%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.113 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=399.2 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of compound 2 (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added Lawesson'sreagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in toluene (4 mL). The reaction was heated at130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. After cooling down, theprecipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (40 mL×2).The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and the residuewas purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to givecompound 3 with 80% purity (38 mg, 62%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.416 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415.1 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 473

To a solution of compound 3 (38 mg, 0.09 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was addedNH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (263 mg, 1.8 mmol). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. Themixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 473 (6.3 mg, 16%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.000 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400M Hz): δ 7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H),2.93-3.02 (m, 5H), 1.76-2.03 (m, 9H), 1.62 (m, 3H), 1.24-1.39 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 417 Synthesis of Compounds 483 and 484

40 mg of compound 237 was purified by preparative SFC HPLC to givecompound 484 (10.3 mg, 28%), LC-MS: t_(R)=0.844 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=388.0 [M+H]⁺.CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=5.87 minin 15 min chromatography, Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL,Co-solvent: MeOH (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (MeOD 300 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=5.1Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H),3.69 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.29(m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.24-1.42 (m, 5H); and compound 483(8.0 mg, 20%), LC-MS: t_(R)=0.852 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z=388.1 [M+H]⁺; CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=7.92 min in 16 minchromatography, Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL, Co-solvent: MeOH(0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (MeOD 300 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d,J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (d, J=2.1 Hz,2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m,2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.42 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 418 Synthesis of Compound 569

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 21

To a solution of compound 20 (600 mg, 1.53 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) andDMSO (30 mL) was added dppp (314 mg, 0.76 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (171 mg, 0.76mmol) and Et₃N (6 mL). The reaction was heated at 80° C. under COatmosphere (40 psi) for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtratewas concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH, 10:1) to afford compound 21(270 mg, 47%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 22

To a solution of compound 21 (50 mg, 0.134 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL)was added Lawesson's reagent (55 mg, 0.161 mmol) under nitrogen. Thereaction mixture was heated at 120° C. for 2 h. After cooling down, thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc, 1:1) to give compound 22 (45mg, 86%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 23

A solution of LiAlH₄ (13 mg, 0.348 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was stirred at 0°C. and a mixture of compound 22 (45 mg, 0.116 mmol) in THF (1 mL) wasadded dropwise. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0°C. for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of 5 drops of waterand 3 M of NaOH aqueous solution. After stirring for 10 min, the mixturewas filtered and the filtrated was concentrated to give crude compound23 (30 mg, 72%), which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 24

To a solution of compound 23 (30 mg, 0.083 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedNaH (33 mg, 0.83 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring for 30 min,iodo-ethanethe (104 mg, 0.667 mmol) was added dropwise, and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction wasquenched by addition of water (10 mL). The mixture was extracted withEtOAc (3×10 mL). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, driedover Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc, 3:1) to afford compound 24 (23mg, 67%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 569

A sealed tube was charged with compound 24 (23 mg, 0.055 mmol), NH₄I (81mg, 0.55 mmol). NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was added, and the vial was sealedand placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 2 h.After cooling down, the solvent was removed and the residue was purifiedby preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH, 10:1) and acidic RP-HPLC to givecompound 569 (5.5 mg, 27%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.893 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 372.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.25 (s, 2H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 4.37 (s, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H),3.09 (s, 3H), 3.03-3.06 (m, 3H), 1.89-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 1H),1.22-1.34 (m, 5H), 1.11 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 419 Synthesis of Compound 559 and 560

Compound 341 (40 mg, 0.088 mmole) was purified by preparative SFC togive compound 560 (12.60 mg, 31%), LCMS: t_(R)=0.975 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 452.0 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=4.49 min in 15 minchromatography (OJ-H_(—)5_(—)5_(—)40%_(—)2, 35ML), ee=100%; ¹H-NMR(CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.07 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.40(s, 1H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 3.67 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.93-3.06(m, 1H), 2.84-2.93 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.83 (m, 1H),1.39-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.05-1.10 (m,1H), 0.40-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.30 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ−72.07.

and compound 559 (10.90 mg, 27%) as a white solid, LCMS: t_(R)=0.958 minin 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 452.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=6.76 minin 15 min chromatography (OJ-H_(—)5_(—)5_(—)40%_(—)2, 35ML), ee=98%;¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),6.39 (s, 1H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 3.72 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H),2.93-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.93 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.83 (m,1H), 1.45-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.32 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.18 (m, 2H), 1.01-1.10(m, 1H), 0.39-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.22-0.29 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz):δ −72.07.

EXAMPLE 420 Synthesis of Compounds 522 and 523

Compound 274 (50 mg, 0.121 mmol) was re-purified by preparative SFC togive compound 523 (20 mg), LC-MS t_(R)=3.070 min in 7 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.5 [M+H]⁺; SFC t_(R)=3.652 min in 8 minchromatography (OD-H_S_(—)3_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3ML_(—)8MIN.M), ee=100%; ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.12 (s, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.08-6.46 (t, J=76.0Hz, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.90 (m,3H), 1.40-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.17-1.34 (m, 3H), 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.58 (m, 2H).¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −81.48.

And compound 522 (24 mg) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=3.061 min in 7min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.5 [M+H]⁺; SFC t_(R)=4.179 min in 8min chromatography (OD-H_S_(—)3_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3ML_(—)8MIN.M), ee=96%; ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.11 (s, 2H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.08-6.46 (m, J=76.0Hz, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.90 (m,3H), 1.40-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.17-1.34 (m, 3H), 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.58 (m, 2H);¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −81.47.

EXAMPLE 421 Synthesis of Compounds 580 and 581

Compound 309 (40 mg) was purified by preparative SFC column to givecompound 581, LC-MS: t_(R)=0.969 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI)m/z 422.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=5.77 min in 15 min chromatography ee=96%,Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL, Co-solvent: IPA (0.05% DEA); ¹HNMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.99 (m,2H), 3.55-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 6H), 3.09-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.02-2.09 (m,2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.44 (m, 6H), 0.86-0.90 (m, 2H), 070-0.72 (m,2H).

And compound 580, LC-MS: t_(R)=0.967 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 422.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=6.39 min in 15 min chromatography,ee=96.5%, Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL, Co-solvent: IPA (0.05%DEA); ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d,J=8.0 Hz 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 3.87-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.36(m, 6H), 3.09-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.46(m, 6H), 0.86-0.90 (m, 2H), 069-0.72 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 422 Synthesis of Compound 557

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.20 g, 0.483 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (0.166 g, 0.208 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then iodomethane (74 mg, 0.531mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. Themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixturewas partitioned between H₂O (25 mL) and ethyl acetate (25 mL). Theseparated organic phase was washed with saturated brine (3×20 mL), driedover anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crudeproduct. The crude was purified by preparative TLC (hexane: EtOAc=3:1)to give compound 2 (0.15 g, 73%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (0.2 g, 0.467 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) wasadded compound 2A (0.131 g, 0.514 mmol), KOAc (0.132 g, 1.4 mmol). Themixture was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through thereaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(dppf) (1.6 mg, 0.002 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was heated to reflux overnight in a N₂ atmosphere.The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the solid wasfiltered off. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the crudecompound 3 (0.2 g, crude). It can be used for the next step withoutfurther purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (0.2 g, crude) in dioxane (10 mL) was addedH₂O₂ (10 mL) and HOAc (30 mL). The final solution was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and theresidue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane; EtOAc=1:1) to give thecompound 4 (0.1 g, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (0.1 g, 0.273 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (83 mg, 0.501 mmol) and compound 4A (70 mg, 0.306 mmol). Themixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored by TLC. When thecompound 4 was consumed, Sat.NH₄Cl (5 mL) was added to quench thereaction. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combinedorganic layers were separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, and evaporated invacuo to give the crude. The crude was purified by preparative TLC(hexane: EtOAc=3:1) to give the compound 5 (20 mg, 16%) as a whitesolid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

An 8 mL vial was charged with compound 5 (20 mg, 0.0446 mmol),Lawesson's reagent (19.9 mg, 0.0491 mmol). Toluene (3 mL) was added, andthe vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiatedat 130° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed byevaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified bypreparative TLC (hexane: EtOAc=2:1) to give compound 6 (10 mg, 47%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 557

To a solution of compound 6 (10 mg, 0.022 mmol) in MeOH (2.5 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (66 mg, 0.447 mmol).After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h.The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue waspartitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (50 mL) and H₂O (20mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue waspurified by preparative HPLC to give compound 557 (2.8 mg, 28%) as awhite solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.015 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z448.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.44 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.32-6.69 (m, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m,1H), 3.16-3.34 (m, 5H), 2.13 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.87 (m, 1H),1.52-1.72 (m, 4H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −77.00, −81.94.

EXAMPLE 423 Synthesis of Compound 487

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (1.2 g, 3.17 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (530 mg, 3.81 mmol) and compound 1A (0.38 mL, 3.81 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (20mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). Theorganic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography(petroleum ether: EtOAc=5:1) to afford compound 2 (1.07 g, 80%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (405 mg, 0.964 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL)was added compound 2A (294 mg, 1.157 mmol), KOAc (280 mg, 2.892 mmol)and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (120 mg) under N₂. The reaction mixture was refluxedovernight. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentratedto give the residue, which was purified by chromatography (petroleumether: EtOAc=8:1) to afford compound 3 (450 mg, 98%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (450 mg, 0.96 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was addedHOAc (1.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (3.6 mL). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with Na₂S₂O₃ solution(15 mL), and stirred for 15 min. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc(3×30 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give compound 4 (315 mg, 90%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (80 mg, 0.223 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (62 mg, 0.446 mmol) and compound 4A (62 mg, 0.335 mmol). Thereaction mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight. LCMS showed thereaction was completed. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture wasextracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The organic layer was washed with water,brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to affordcompound 5 (80 mg, 80%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.12(d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 5.31 (s, 1H),4.23 (m, 3H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.88 (m, 6H), 2.03 (m,1H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.33 (m, 6H), 1.25 (m, 4H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (77 mg, 0.172 mmol) in dry toluene (2.5 mL)was added Lawesson's reagent (104 mg, 0.258 mmol) under nitrogen. Thereaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 60min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound6 (67 mg, 84%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 487

To a solution of compound 6 (67 mg, 0.144 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) andNH₃—H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (422 mg, 2.89 mmol). The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent wasremoved and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to givecompound 487 (19.5 mg, 30%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=1.032 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 488 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ8.02 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 4.19(m, 1H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.38. (s, 3H), 3.12-2.95 (m, 3H), 2.03 (m, 3H),1.88 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.46 (m, 6H), 1.32 (m, 2H), 1.21 (m, 3H);¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −130.560, −145.261

EXAMPLE 424 Synthesis of Compounds 479 and 480

Compound 182 (53 mg) was purified by SFC to give compound 480 (15.2 mg),LC-MS t_(R)=0.978 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458.2[M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=1.63 min in 10 min chromatography, ee=100%, Column:OD-3, Method: 40_(—)2.5 ml, Co-Solvent: IPA (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (CD₃OD400 MHz): δ 7.63-7.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.52 (t,J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.27 (m, 6H), 2.05-2.12 (m, 2H),1.88-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.49 (m, 5H).

And compound 479 (20.6 mg) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=1.101 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=5.87 min in 10min chromatography, ee=100%, Column: OD-3; Method: 40_(—)2.5 ml,Co-Solvent: IPA (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 7.54-7.70 (m,4H), 7.36-7.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.52-6.81 (brs, 1H),3.22 (s, 3H), 2.95-3.09 (q, 3H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 1.64-1.97 (m, 3H),1.09-1.36 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 425 Synthesis of Compound 590

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A solution containing the compound 1A (164 mg, 0.427 mmol) and compound1 (150 mg, 0.356 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling astream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then,PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (13 mg, 0.018 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealedand placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitionedbetween EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layerswere washed with brine (3×10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purifiedpreparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 2 (100mg, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was addedPd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for overnight under H₂ atmosphere, LCMS showed onlyby-product was formed, the reaction mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL) wasadded dry Pd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50°C. for overnight under H₂ (50 Psi) atmosphere, LCMS showed that thereaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and thefiltrate was concentrated to give compound 3 (80 mg, crude, 80%) as awhite solid, which was used directly for next step without furtherpurification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A solution of compound 3 (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (89mg, 0.219 mmol) in dry toluene (10 mL) was heated at reflux for 5 hunder a nitrogen atmosphere. LCMS showed that the reaction wascompleted, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and theresidue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=15:1) to givecompound 4 (50 mg, 61%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 590

A mixture of compound 4 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide(305 mg of a 65% solution in water, 2.2 mmol) in NH₄OH/MeOH (2 mL/10 mL)was stirred overnight at room temperature, LCMS showed that the reactionwas completed, which was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness.Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=10:1) andpreparative HPLC to gave compound 590 (6.7 mg, 14%) as a white solid,LC-MS t_(R)=1.055 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.11-7.13 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03-7.05(d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 4.07-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H),2.97-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.87-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.36 (m,2H), 1.91-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.35(m, 7H), 1.15-1.21 (m, 3H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −68.09

EXAMPLE 426 Synthesis of Compound 551

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 37A

To a solution of compound 37 (50 mg, 0.102 mmol) in t-BuOH (2 mL) wasadded compound 37A (19 mg, 0.152 mmol), K₃PO₄ (32 mg, 0.152 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (5 mg) and2-di-t-butylphosphino-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2′,4′,6′-tri-1-propylbiphenyl(5 mg,). The reaction mixture was heated at 80˜100° C. under a nitrogenatmosphere for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate wasconcentrated by evaporation in vacuo to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum: EtOAc, 1:1) to afford compound37A (40 mg, 74%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 551

A solution of compound 37A (50 mg, 0.093 mmol) in HCl/MeOH (10 mL, 5 M)was stirring at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed the reaction wascompleted and 3 N aqueous NaOH was added until pH=9. MeOH was removedand the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). the organiclayer was washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated to givethe residue, which was purified by acidic RP-HPLC to give compoundVT_B111609_(—)07 (10 mg, 25%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=0.900 min in2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 434.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz):δ 7.72 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s,1H), 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.23 (m,6H), 2.04-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.53 (m, 4H), 1.35-1.47 (m,1H).

EXAMPLE 427 Synthesis of Compound 541

A mixture of compound 1 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), compound 1A (7.6 mg, 0.1mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.1 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (66 mg, 0.2 mmol) in NMP (1 mL)was placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 195° C. for 1 h.After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitionedbetween H₂O (10 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. Theresidue was purified by RP-HPLC (acidic) to give the compound 541 (3.5mg, 9%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=0.971 min in 2 min chromatography,MS (ESI) m/z 388.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.31-7.38 (m, 2H),7.22 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.03 (m,2H), 2.88-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.67 (m,2H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 5H), 1.01-1.04 (m, 3H)

EXAMPLE 428 Synthesis of Compound 528

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

To a solution of compound 8 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (74 mg, 0.54 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (47.8 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) wasadded dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at60° C. overnight, and then the mixture was filtered off, the filtratewas concentrated to give compound 9 (97 mg, 80%) as a white solid, whichwas used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MSt_(R)=1.392 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 467.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (90 mg, 0.19 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (84 mg, 0.20 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h. After coolingdown, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resultingresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withpetroleum ether:EtOAc (3:1) to give compound 10 (65 mg, 70%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.503 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 483.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 528

To a solution of compound 10 (65 mg, 0.135 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Thesolvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (50 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bybasic RP-HPLC to give compound 528 (28.10 mg, 44%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.150 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 466.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 3.80-3.86 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.76 (d, J=6.8Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.06-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.96-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.60(m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.60 (m, 1H),1.30-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.35 (m, 3H), 0.5-0.7 (m, 2H), 0.2-0.4 (m, 2H);¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −66.67.

EXAMPLE 429 Synthesis of Compound 572

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (300 mg, 0.79 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedK₂CO₃ (328 mg, 2.37 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then compound 1A (96 mg, 0.79mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. Themixture was stirred at 40° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture waspartitioned between H₂O (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL). The separatedorganic phase was washed with brine (3×20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andconcentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 2 (335 mg, 100%) as a whitesolid, which was used for the next step directly without purification.LC-MS t_(R)=1.094 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=425.0[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (340 mg, 0.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL)was added compound 2A (243 mg, 0.96 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (100 mg), andKOAc (235 mg, 2.4 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 4 h undernitrogen. After cooling down, the mixture was filtered and the filtratewas concentrated to give compound 3 (370 mg, crude), which was used forthe next step directly without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.182 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=473.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (370 mg, 0.8 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was addedHOAc (3 mL) and H₂O₂ (5 mL), the mixture was stirred at room temperatureovernight. Then quenched with aqueous NaHSO₃ (10 mL), extracted withEtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified bypreparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 4 (200 mg,70%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.924 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z=363.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (95 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was addedcompound 4A (40 mg, 0.26 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (325 mg, 1.0 mmol), themixture was stirred at 40° C. for 4 h. Then quenched with H₂O (10 mL),extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL), the combined organic layer was driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give the residue, which waspurified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound5 (100 mg, 91%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.163 min in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=419.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A 8 mL vial was charged with compound 5 (130 mg, 0.316 mmol) andLawesson's reagent (138 mg, 0.342 mmol). Toluene (2 mL) was added, andthe vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiatedat 140° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed byevaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel (petroleum ether: EtOAc, 50:1 to 10:1) togive compound 6 (35 mg, 25%) as a whit solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.244 min in 2min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=435.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 572

To a solution of compound 6 (35 mg, 0.080 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (117 mg, 0.8 mmol).After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h.The solvent was removed by evaporation. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 572 (4.8 mg, 14%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=1.011 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=418.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.14-7.16 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H),6.81-6.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 4.43-4.57 (m, 2H), 3.89-4.03(m, 2H), 3.59-3.61 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (s, 1H), 2.91-3.09 (m, 3H),1.76-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.22-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.18-1.21 (m, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD19F 400 MHz): δ −75.932

EXAMPLE 430 Synthesis of Compound 526

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (74 mg, 0.54 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then1,1-difluoro-2-iodo-ethane (51.8 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) wasadded dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at60° C. overnight. Then the mixture was filtered off, the filtrate wasconcentrated to give compound 10 (90 mg, 77%) as a white solid, whichwas used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MSt_(R)=1.337 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 435.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 11

To a solution of compound 10 (90 mg, 0.20 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (92 mg, 0.22 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was heated at reflux for 12 h. After coolingdown, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resultingresidue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel petroleumether:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 11 (65 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LC-MSt_(R)=1.439 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 451.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 526

To a solution of compound 11 (65 mg, 0.14 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Thesolvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (20 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bybasic preparative HPLC to give compound 526 (25.20 mg, 40%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.109 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z434.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 5.92-6.22 (t, J=55.6 Hz, 1H), 3.92-4.04 (d,J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.77 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m,1H), 2.96-3.01 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.63(m, 1H), 1.30-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.30 (m, 3H), 0.5-0.7 (m, 2H), 0.2-0.4(m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −124.36

EXAMPLE 431 Synthesis of Compound 525

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 24

To a solution of compound 23 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (74 mg, 0.54 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then 1-bromo-2-fluoro-ethane(41 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe withstirring. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. Then the mixturewas filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 24 (87mg, 77%) as a white solid which was used for the next step directlywithout purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.303 min in 2 min chromatography, MS(ESI) m/z 417.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 25

To a solution of compound 24 (87 mg, 0.209 mmol) in anhydrous toluene(10 mL) was added lawsson's reagent (93 mg, 0.23 mmol) under a nitrogenatmosphere, the mixture was heated at reflux for 12 h. After coolingdown, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resultingresidue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting withpetroleum ether:EtOAc (3:1) to give compound 25 (63 mg, 70%) as a whitesolid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.406 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433.2[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 525

To a solution of compound 25 (63 mg, 0.145 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Thesolvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (20 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and washed with brine (30 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bybasic RP-HPLC to give compound 525 (39.60 mg, 65%) as a white solid.LC-MS: t_(R)=1.083 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 416.2[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 4.59-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.49-4.59 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.95(m, 2H), 3.75 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 1H),2.90-3.05 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.64 (m,1H), 1.30-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.30 (m, 3H), 0.50-0.70 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.40(m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −76.90.

EXAMPLE 432 Synthesis of Compound 535

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (6.0 g, 15.9 mmol, crude) in DMF (80 mL) wasadded K₂CO₃ (3.3 g, 23.8 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then iodomethane (2.1 g,15.9 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring.The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reactionmixture was partitioned between H₂O (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (600 mL).The separated organic phase was washed with saturated brine (3×50 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 5(6.13 g, 90%) as a white solid, which was used for the next stepdirectly without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (4.0 g, 10.2 mmol) in toluene (100 mL) wasadded Lawesson's reagent (4.53 g, 11.2 mmol). The resulting mixture washeated at reflux overnight. After cooling down, the solvent was removedby evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by columnchromatography over silica gel (petroleum ether: EtOAc=10:1) to givecompound 3 (4.7 g, 68%) as a whit solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (4.7 g, 11.5 mmol) in MeOH (450 mL) wasadded NH₃—H₂O (90 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (31.9 g, 230.4 mmol).After addition, the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 24 h. The solventwas removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned betweenEtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (600 mL) and H₂O (100 mL). The organiclayer was separated and washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 4 (3.8 g, 60%purity, 72%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directlywithout purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (3.8 g, 60% purity, 9.7 mmol) in THF (40 mL)was added Boc₂O (8.5 g, 38.9 mmol), DMAP (2.4 g, 19.4 mmol) and Et₃N (2mL, 19.4 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 24h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The resultingresidue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (petroleumether: EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 5 (1.7 g, 61%) as a whit solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 535

A mixture of compound 5 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), compound 5A (11.2 mg, 0.1mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.1 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (66 mg, 0.2 mmol) in NMP (1 mL)was placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 195° C. for 1 hunder nitrogen atmosphere. After being cooled to room temperature, themixture was added brine (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). Thecombined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuoto dryness. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC to give compound 535 (15mg, 36%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.987 min in in 2 minchromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.26-7.38 (m, 8H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.21 (m, 6H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H),1.84-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 433 Synthesis of Compound 554

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) wasadded compound 1A (82 mg, 0.57 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (371 mg, 1.14 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (7.5 mg), and Xantphos (30 mg) under a nitrogen atmosphere.The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight, then quenched with H₂O (10mL), the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), the combinedorganic layer was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparativeTLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 2 (108 mg, 68%) as awhite solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

An 8 mL vial was charged with compound 2 (116 mg, 0.27 mmol) andLawesson's reagent (112 mg, 0.27 mmol). Toluene (5 mL) was added, andthe vial was refluxed overnight. After cooling down, the solvent wasremoved by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purifiedby preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 3 (70mg, 58%) as a whit solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 554

To a solution of compound 3 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was addedNH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (219 mg, 4.6 mmol). Afteraddition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Thesolvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitionedbetween EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (10 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and washed with brine (10 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC to give compound 554 (6.6 mg, 7%) as a white solid.LC-MS t_(R)=0.915 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=419 [M+H]⁺;¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J=4.0, 2.4Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.21(s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.83(m, 1H), 1.49-1.29 (m, 5H); ¹⁹F NMR (19F CD₃OD): δ −96.71.

EXAMPLE 434 Biological Data A. BACE Enzyme Assay

Inhibitory activity of compounds was assessed by a fluorescence quenchassay of BACE activity using commercially available substrate HiLyteFluor™ 488-Glu-Val-Asn-Leu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Lys-(QXLT™ 520)-OH (AnaSpec,San Jose, Calif.) and truncated human beta-secretase (residues 1-458,His₆-tagged at the C-terminus) expressed in insect cells D. melanogasterS2 using a baculovirus expression system (Mallender et al.,Characterization of recombinant, soluble beta-secretase from an insectcell expression system., Mol Pharmacol 59:619-26, 2001). The assay wasperformed at room temperature in 96-well white opaque Optiplates aqueOptiplates (PerkinElmer, Waltham, Mass.) in a total volume of 200 μl ofthe incubation mixture containing 50 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5,0.4 μM FRET substrate, 2.4 nM enzyme, 5% DMSO, and 0.05% Brij-35. Thetested compounds were serially diluted in DMSO and pre-incubated withthe substrate. The reaction was started by addition of enzyme, and theprogress of the reaction was followed by measuring fluorescence with anexcitation wavelength of 480 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm.Ten measurements were taken every 5-10 min, and the intensity offluorescence was regressed against time in order to derive velocities ofreaction in all 96 wells. These velocities were used for calculatingpercent inhibition using an uninhibited control containing 5% DMSO and afully inhibited control incubations performed in the absence of enzyme.IC₅₀ values were calculated by fitting percent inhibition vs inhibitorconcentration into a four-parametric logistic model using XLFit software(IDBS, Guildford, UK).

B. BACE Cell Assay

H4 neuroglioma cell line that stably expresses Amyloid Precursor Protein(APP) containing the KM-NL Swedish mutation (H4-APPsw) was generated.For the assay, cells are treated overnight in the presence of inhibitorand the culture media are subjected to ELISA analysis of soluble AmyloidBeta 1-40 (Aβ 1-40).

Materials

H4 neuroglioma cell line: ATCC, Cat #HTB-148

Dulbecco's Minimal Essential Medium (DMEM): Invitrogen, Cat #11995

Fetal bovine serum (FBS): Hyclone, Cat #SH30070.03)

Penicillin/streptomycin: Invitrogen, Cat#15140-122 Zeocin: Invitrogen,Cat #R25001 0.5% Trypsin/EDTA: Invitrogen, Cat #25300

96-well plate for compound serial dilution in DMSO96-well deep well plate96-well Black Polymer BTM β-D-L plate: Nunc, Cat #15203796-well White polystyrene ½ area optiplate: Corning, Cat #3642

DMSO: Sigma, Cat #494-429

Aβ 1-40 ELISA kit: Covance, Cat #sig38940

CellTiter Glo Viability Assay: Promega, Cat #G7571 Aβ 1-40 AlphaLISAkit: PerkinElmer, Cat #AL202F Microscope

Wallac Victor² Multilabel HTS counterPerkinElmer Fusion-Alpha FP-HT Multiplate readerSpectraMax 384 plus plate reader

Generation and Maintenance of H4-APPsw Cell Line

H4 neuroglioma cell line was cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1%penicillin/streptomycin (Culture Medium) at 37° C., 5% CO₂. The cultureplate (150 mm) with 50% confluence of H4 cells was transfected with 15ug plasmid pcDNA3.1/Neo(+) containing a 2310-bp insert of APPsw atHind3/Xba1 sites. 24 hrs after transfection, the cells were replacedinto three new plates (150 mm) in fresh Culture Medium with 250 ug/mLZeocin. The stably transfected cell colonies were isolated in about 2-3weeks. The levels of APPsw expression were analyzed by immunoblottingand the production of Aβ 1-40 was detected by ELISA of culturesupernatants. The selected clones are maintained in Culture Medium with250 μg/mL Zeocin and routinely split in 3-4 days to maintain 20-80%confluence.

Assay Protocol Final Assay Conditions (96-Well Plate)

H4-APPsw cells 6 × 10³ cells/well DMEM 200 μL DMSO 0.2%

Day 1

Split cells. Split H4-APPsw cells in Culture Medium and cultureovernight such that cells will be ˜80% confluent next morning.

Day 2

Create Compound Dilution Plate. After determining the desired finalconcentration of compound to be tested, create a 500× dilution plate.Add DMSO, but not inhibitor, to each well of Column 1. Use Column 2 forControl Compound (BACE inhibitor IV, EMD Bioscience, Cat #565788) serialdilution starting at 5 mM (final concentration of 2.5 μM). Add compoundsof interest at 500× desired final concentration to wells A3-A10. AddDMSO, but not inhibitor, to each well of Columns 11 and 12. Dilutecontents of Row A 1:3 in Row B, then continue through Rows C-H.Create Media Plate. To create a 2× solution of compound in media, add9964, Culture Medium to each well of a 96-well 2 mL deep well plate(Media Plate) in biosafety hood. Add 4 μL 5 mM control compound to MediaPlate wells A1-D1 for determination of full inhibition. Add 4 μL fromCompound Dilution Plate to corresponding wells of Medium Plate (do notadd additional DMSO to wells A1-D1).Add media to Cell Plate. With a multichannel pipettor, mix each well ofMedia Plate several times to insure homogeneity. Add 1004 of mixture toBlack polymer bottom P-D-L plates. Next, place Medium Plate and CellPlate in the incubator.Add cells to Cell Plate. Trypsinize and count H4-APPsw cells. Dilutecells 6×10⁵ cells/mL in Culture Medium and remove Cell Plate fromincubator. Vortex cells to homogeneity, then using a multichannelrepeating pipettor, add 100 μL cell suspension to Cell Plate, addingcells from Row H to Row A. Place Cell Plate in incubator.Change media in Cell Plate. After 5 h, check Cell Plate by microscope toinsure cells are attached. In culture hood, remove media from Cell Plateusing multichannel repeating pipettor. Add 100 μl Culture Medium to eachwell. Remove Media Plate from incubator and mix with pipettor asprevious. Add 100 μl from each well of Media Plate to corresponding wellin Cell Plate. Place Cell Plate in incubator overnight.

Day 3

Perform ELISA to determine levels of secreted Aβ 1-40. After 16 hincubation, spin Cell Plate for 8 min at 1200 rpm. The primary readingof Aβ 1-40 levels is done using PerkinElmer AlphaLISA technology. Followthe manufacturer's protocol for performing AlphaLISA in a white ½ areaOptiwell plate using Row 12 for peptide standard (1:2 dilutions,starting at 15 ng/ml). Data are acquired using PerkinElmer Fusion-AlphaFP-HT, Alpha protocol (Count Time 0.6s, Count Time Ratio 30%:70%). Tovalidate IC50 determinations, a second Aβ 1-40 ELISA was performed usinga kit from Covance that uses different antibodies to Aβ 1-40 and adifferent detection method (absorbance at 490 nM) than the PerkinElmerkit.Perform viability assay to determine compound toxicity. Remove remainingmedia from Cell Plate and add 100 μL CellTiter Glo reagent to cells.Incubate 9 min at room temperature and read luminescence counts onWallac Victor² Multilabel HTS counter.

Data Reduction

Export data from Fusion using Columnar Report format into a separatefile for each plate. Upload data into Activity Base usingRIA-DOSE-RESPONSE protocol (Version 1). Data from at least eight doseswere fitted to a four parameter logistical model using XLfit software todetermine potency.

Results

The in vitro cell activity studies were carried out for compounds of theinvention and the data is shown below:

COMPOUND NO. IC₅₀ 1-4 ***** 5-7 ****  8 *****  9 **** 10 ** 11-12 *****13 **** 14 ***** 15 ** 16 ***** 17 *** 18 ***** 19-20 **** 21-23 ** 25***** 26 ** 27 * 28-29 **** 30-31 ** 34-35 *** 36 * 38 # 39 * 40-41 **42 ***** 43-45 ** 46-47 * 49-50 *** 52 ** 53 # 54 ** 56-57 ** 58 *****59 **** # represents IC₅₀ less than 50 μM; * represents IC₅₀ less than10 μM; ** represents IC₅₀ less than 5 μM; *** represents IC₅₀ less than1 μM; **** represents IC₅₀ less than 500 nM; ***** represents IC₅₀ lessthan 100 nM.

EXAMPLE 435 BACE Assay

For each compound being tested, the BACE activity was monitored in afluorescence quenching assay (FRET) using the ectodomain of BACE (aa1-454) fused to a myc-his tag and secreted from HEK293/BACE_(ect). cellsinto OptiMEM™ (Invitrogen) as enzyme source and a substrate peptidederived from the APP-Swedish mutation which possesses a Cy3-fluorophoreat the N-terminus and a Cy5Q-quencher at the C-terminus(Cy3-SEVNLDAEFK-Cy5Q-NH2; Amersham). The substrate was dissolved at 1mg/mL in DMSO.

The assay was performed in the presence of 5 μl OptiMEM (supernatantcollected over 24 hours and cleared from cellular debris bycentrifugation) containing the ectodomain of BACE, 25 μl watercontaining the desired concentration of test compound and 1% DMSO, 1 μMsubstrate peptide, 20 mM NaOAc, pH 4.4 and 0.04% Triton-X100 in a totalassay volume of 50 μl in a 384 well plate. In general, 25 μl of compounddilution were given to the plate followed by the addition of 10 μl ofBACE containing OptiMEM™ diluted 1:2 in water with 0.2% Triton X-100.The reaction was started with the addition of 15 μl substrate in NaOAcbuffer. The reaction was incubated at 30° C. in a fluorimeter and thecleavage of the substrate was recorded as kinetic for 60 min. at ex: 530nm, em: 590 nm. Blank wells containing either no inhibitor or no enzymewere included on each plate.

The intensity of fluorescence was regressed against time in order toderive velocities of reaction in all 384 wells. These velocities wereused for calculating percent inhibition using an uninhibited controlcontaining 1% DMSO and a fully inhibited control incubations performedin the absence of enzyme. IC₅₀ values were calculated by fitting percentinhibition vs inhibitor concentration using standard software likeGraphPadPrism.

Using this assay protocol, compound dilutions were either done using aTecan Freedom EVO(assay format A) or manually using multichannelpipettes (assay format B).

The BACE inhibitor activities of compounds of the invention were testedaccording to protocols described in Example 434A or Example 435, and areshown below:

Compound IC₅₀ No. Structure/Ex. No. (nM)  1

2.6^(a)  2

3.5^(a)  3

4.5^(a)  4

4.0^(a)  5

4.5^(a)  6

4.8^(a)  7

5.9^(a)  8

5.9^(a)  9

7.0^(a)  10

7.4^(a)  11

7.8^(a)  12

7.9^(a)  13

8.8^(a)  14

11.1^(a)  15

11.2^(a)  16

11.5^(a)  17

12.1^(a)  18

16.8^(a)  19

14.6^(a)  20

18.7^(a)  21

18.9^(a)  22

19.3^(a)  23

20.7^(a)  24

21.0^(a)  25

26.2^(a)  26

 27

38.3^(a)  28

41.7^(a)  29

5.3^(b)  30

61.6^(a)  31

64.0^(a)  32

74.1^(a)  33

89.0^(a)  34

93.3^(a)  35

104.6^(a)  36

121.7^(a)  37

125.6^(a)  38

130.4^(a)  39

157.6^(a)  40

159.6^(a)  41

161.1^(a)  42

172.7^(a)  43

178.4^(a)  44

189.1^(a)  45

194.7^(a)  46

292.9^(a)  47

295.2^(a)  48

378.3^(a)  49

41.7^(a)  50

443.2^(a)  51

465.8^(a)  52

505.8^(a)  53

514.4^(a)  54

617.9^(a)  55

670.4^(a)  56

204.3^(b)  57

935.52^(a)  58

969.7^(a)  59

1554.9^(a)  60

1856.1^(a)  61

3262.1^(a)  62

4106.0^(a)  63

5053.9^(a)  64

36244.8^(a)  65

50000.0^(a)  66

200000^(a)  67

138.5^(a)  68

1778.6^(a)  69

4702.2^(a)  70

 71

 72

 73

 74

 75

 76

2.1^(a)  77

 78

 79

 80

 81

 82

432.3^(a)  83

 84

 85

 86

 87

 88

 89

 90

 91

 92

 93

 94 Ex.61  222.2^(a)  95 Ex.62  136.8^(a)  96 Ex.63  28.3^(a)  97 Ex.64 3881.1^(a)  98 Ex.64  3322.6^(a)  99 Ex.65  2.4^(a) 100 Ex.66  4.7^(a)101 Ex.67  56.7^(a) 102 Ex.68  14.7^(a) 103 Ex.69  46.0^(a) 104 Ex.70 255.1^(a) 105 Ex.71  8.4^(a) 106 Ex.72  5.3^(a) 107 Ex.73  228.1^(a) 108Ex.74  156.3^(a) 109 Ex.75  23.6^(a) 110 Ex.76  14.6^(a) 111 Ex.77 195.7^(a) 112 Ex.78  80.4^(a) 113 Ex.79  24.6^(a) 114 Ex.80  9.7^(a) 115Ex.81  3.7^(a) 116 Ex.82  76.7^(a) 117 Ex.83  17.4^(a) 118 Ex.84 9.0^(a) 119 Ex.85  2,312.0^(b) 120 Ex.85  3,505.0^(b) 121 Ex.86 56.2^(a) 122 Ex.87  42.5^(a) 123 Ex.88  124 Ex.89  21.5^(b) 125 Ex.90 263.5^(b) 126 Ex.91  31.6^(b) 127 Ex.92  14.9^(b) 128 Ex.93  1198.0^(b)129 Ex.94  28.2^(b) 130 Ex.95  69.1^(b) 131 Ex.96  132 Ex.97  24.9^(b)133 Ex.98  38.5^(b) 134 Ex.99  14.4^(a) 135 Ex.100 7.3^(a) 136 Ex.1018.1^(a) 137 Ex.102 7.8^(b) 138 Ex.103 15.6^(a) 139 Ex.104 13.6^(a) 140Ex.105 4.5^(b) 141 Ex.106 12.9^(b) 142 Ex.107 2.0^(a) 143 Ex.108705.8^(b) 144 Ex.108 18.9^(b) 145 Ex.109 16.2^(a) 146 Ex.110 7.9^(a) 147Ex.111 2.2^(a) 148 Ex.112 5.4^(b) 149 Ex.113 4.8^(a) 150 Ex.114 3.0^(a)151 Ex.114 207.0^(a) 152 Ex.115 104.2^(b) 153 Ex.116 36.6^(a) 154 Ex.11730.1^(a) 155 Ex.118 12.2^(a) 156 Ex.119 12.2^(b) 157 Ex.120 342.7^(b)158 Ex.121 49.3^(b) 159 Ex.122 83.9^(b) 160 Ex.123 53.2^(b) 161 Ex.1244.8^(b) 162 Ex.124 631.3^(b) 163 Ex.125 8.9 164 Ex.126 8.9^(b) 165Ex.127 166 Ex.128 11.5^(b) 167 Ex.129 42.5^(b) 168 Ex.130 29.3^(b) 169Ex.131 20.3^(b) 170 Ex.132 89.7^(b) 171 Ex.133 55.8^(b) 172 23 Ex.1347.3^(b) 173 Ex.135 16.7^(b) 174 Ex.136 23.5^(b) 175 Ex.136 850.9^(b) 176Ex.137 177 Ex.138 1.5^(b) 178 Ex.139 0.6^(a) 179 Ex.140 2.6^(a) 180Ex.141 1.1^(a) 181 Ex.142 198.3^(a) 182 Ex.143 57.1^(a) 183 Ex.1441.0^(a) 184 Ex.145 3.3^(a) 185 Ex.146 2.8^(a) 186 Ex.147 187 Ex.1482.6^(a) 188 Ex.149 1.9^(a) 189 Ex.150 2.9^(a) 190 Ex.151 10.5^(b) 191Ex.152 101.7^(a) 192 Ex.153 0.96^(a) 193 Ex.154 0.8^(a) 194 Ex.15517.4^(a) 195 Ex.156 49.7^(a) 196 Ex.157 11.5^(a) 197 Ex.158 29.6^(a) 198Ex.159 9.9^(b) 199 Ex.159 110.7^(b) 200 Ex.160 269.2^(b) 201 Ex.161187.8^(b) 202 Ex.162 32.3^(b) 203 Ex.163 79.8^(b) 204 Ex.164 30.3^(b)205 Ex.165 4.9^(a) 206 Ex.166 40.8^(b) 207 Ex.167 9.5^(b) 208 Ex.16839.9^(b) 209 Ex.169 813.7^(b) 210 Ex.170 647.5^(b) 211 Ex.171 28.5^(b)212 Ex.172 32.4^(b) 213 Ex.172 214 Ex.173 30.9^(a) 215 Ex.174 24.0^(b)216 Ex.174 1814.0^(b) 217 Ex.175 32.3^(a) 218 Ex.176 161.0^(a) 219Ex.177 11.2^(b) 220 Ex.178 23.2^(b) 221 Ex.179 4.0^(b) 222 Ex.18016.0^(b) 223 Ex.181 5.1^(b) 224 Ex.181 137.9^(b) 225 Ex.182 20.0^(a) 226Ex.183 350.6^(a) 227 Ex.184 12.0^(a) 228 Ex.185 72.4^(b) 229 Ex.18637.8^(a) 230 Ex.187 321.3^(b) 231 Ex.188 161.3^(b) 232 Ex.189 144.7^(b)233 Ex.190 144.8^(b) 234 Ex.191 235 Ex.192 368.5^(b) 236 Ex.193 8.9^(b)237 Ex.194 10.6^(b) 238 Ex.195 42.8^(b) 239 Ex.196 29.3^(b) 240 Ex.19710.0^(b) 241 Ex.198 9.6^(b) 242 Ex.198 495.6^(b) 243 Ex.198 6.5^(b) 244Ex.199 3.5^(b) 245 Ex.199 2.1^(b) 246 Ex.199 423.4^(b) 247 Ex.20055.4^(b) 248 Ex.201 48.0^(b) 249 Ex.202 493.0^(a) 250 Ex.203 2,010.0^(b)251 Ex.204 13,500.0^(b) 252 Ex.205 253 Ex.206 825.3^(b) 254 Ex.20720.4^(b) 255 Ex.208 618.0^(b) 256 Ex.209 11.6^(b) 257 Ex.210 7.4^(b) 258Ex.211 639.8^(b) 259 Ex.212 260 Ex.213 1,071.0^(b) 261 Ex.2142,543.0^(b) 262 Ex.215 2,226.0^(b) 263 Ex.216 716.1^(b) 264 Ex.21729.2^(a) 265 Ex.218 634.1^(b) 266 Ex.219 267 Ex.220 268 Ex.221 269Ex.221 1000.0^(b) 270 Ex.222 13,500.0^(b) 271 Ex.223 10.4^(b) 272 Ex.224182.5^(b) 273 Ex.224 26.1^(b) 274 Ex.225 8.4^(b) 275 Ex.226 20.0^(b) 276Ex.227 277 Ex.228 176.6^(b) 278 Ex.229 279 Ex.230 13.5^(b) 280 Ex.231281 Ex.232 150.8^(b) 282 Ex.232 1580.0^(b) 283 Ex.233 265.3^(b) 284Ex.234 35.3^(b) 285 Ex.235 18.2^(b) 286 Ex.236 44.9^(b) 287 Ex.237473.3^(b) 288 Ex.238 14.8^(b) 289 Ex.239 36.1^(b) 290 Ex.240 15.7^(b)291 Ex.241 125.7^(b) 292 Ex.242 1357.0^(b) 293 Ex.243 91.1^(b) 294Ex.244 22780.0^(b) 295 Ex.244 3156.5^(b) 296 Ex.245 297 Ex.246 17.4^(b)298 Ex.247 299 Ex.248 300 Ex.249 14.8^(b) 301 Ex.250 138.6^(b) 302Ex.251 333.2^(b) 303 Ex.252 18.1^(b) 304 Ex.253 4.7^(b) 305 Ex.2544.3^(b) 306 Ex.255 15.2^(b) 307 Ex.256 5.3^(b) 308 Ex.257 9.3^(b) 309Ex.258 9.2^(b) 310 Ex.259 48.9^(b) 311 Ex.260 7.4^(b) 312 Ex.26135.2^(b) 313 Ex.262 12.3^(b) 314 Ex.263 11.2^(b) 315 Ex.264 17.3^(b) 316Ex.265 15.6^(b) 317 Ex.266 17.0^(b) 318 Ex.267 7.3^(b) 319 Ex.26813.7^(b) 320 Ex.269 321 Ex.270 22.2^(b) 322 Ex.271 5.2^(b) 323 Ex.2727.1^(b) 324 Ex.273 10.3^(b) 325 Ex.274 14.0^(b) 326 Ex.275 16.1^(b) 327Ex.276 5.4^(b) 328 Ex.277 12.0^(b) 329 Ex.278 7.4^(b) 330 Ex.27924.0^(b) 331 Ex.280 30.9^(b) 332 Ex.281 34.9^(b) 333 Ex.282 11.6^(b) 334Ex.282 1.7^(b) 335 Ex.282 2.2^(b) 336 Ex.282 206.9^(b) 337 Ex.282262.2^(b) 338 Ex.283 19.5^(b) 339 Ex.284 22.5^(b) 340 Ex.285 316.1^(b)341 Ex.286 13.5^(b) 342 Ex.287 37.5^(b) 343 Ex.288 21970.0^(b) 344Ex.289 345 Ex.290 61.5^(b) 346 Ex.291 16^(b) 347 Ex.292 20.4^(b) 348Ex.293 12.6^(b) 349 Ex.294 16.3^(b) 350 Ex.295 481.5^(b) 351 Ex.29539.8^(b) 352 Ex.296 22.9^(b) 353 Ex.297 15.8^(b) 354 Ex.298 47.7^(b) 355Ex.299 62.3^(b) 356 Ex.300 192.0^(b) 357 Ex.301 12.5^(b) 358 Ex.302 359Ex.303 14.1^(b) 360 Ex.304 97.8^(b) 361 Ex.304 185.5^(b) 362 Ex.30581.1^(b) 363 Ex.306 17.3^(b) 364 Ex.307 24.1^(b) 365 Ex.308 24.3^(b) 366Ex.309 367 Ex.310 15.8^(b) 368 Ex.311 24.8^(b) 369 Ex.312 13.2^(b) 370Ex.313 3.5^(b) 371 Ex.314 24.3^(b) 372 Ex.315 9.7^(b) 373 Ex.31613.5^(b) 374 Ex.317 28.9^(b) 375 Ex.318 8.8^(b) 376 Ex.319 11.3^(b) 377Ex.320 16.5^(b) 378 Ex.321 19.6^(b) 379 Ex.322 886.8^(b) 380 Ex.322415.5^(b) 381 Ex.323 382 Ex.324 29.2^(b) 383 Ex.325 6.2^(b) 384 Ex.32618.1^(b) 385 Ex.327 7.0^(b) 386 Ex.328 7.8^(b) 387 Ex.329 15.5^(b) 388Ex.330 15.4^(b) 389 Ex.331 17.2^(b) 390 Ex.332 26.1^(b) 391 Ex.332566.5^(b) 392 Ex.333 353.0^(b) 393 Ex.334 17.0^(b) 394 Ex.335 1.4^(a)395 Ex.336 6.7^(a) 396 Ex.336 213.0^(b) 397 Ex.336 3.4^(b) 398 Ex.33733.8^(b) 399 Ex.338 74.6^(b) 400 Ex.339 43.0^(b) 401 Ex.340 25.6^(b) 402Ex.341 72.5^(b) 403 Ex.342 404 Ex.343 46.8^(b) 405 Ex.344 11.4^(b) 406Ex.344 6.3^(b) 407 Ex.344 2134.5^(b) 408 Ex.345 9.7^(b) 409 Ex.34619.1^(b) 410 Ex.347 566^(b) 411 Ex.348 91.4^(b) 412 Ex.349 79.3^(b) 413Ex.350 48.3^(b) 414 Ex.351 6.3^(b) 415 Ex.352 8.1^(b) 416 Ex.35316.1^(b) 417 Ex.354 418 Ex.355 8.7^(b) 419 Ex.356 134.9^(b) 420 Ex.35723.1^(b) 421 Ex.358 14.8^(b) 422 Ex.359 6.8^(b) 423 Ex.360 186.2^(b) 424Ex.361 53.6^(b) 425 Ex.362 4.1^(b) 426 Ex.363 7.0^(b) 427 Ex.364182.4^(b) 428 Ex.365 293.2^(b) 429 Ex.366 1673.5^(b) 430 Ex.367 431Ex.368 55.8^(b) 432 Ex.369 80.5^(b) 433 Ex.370 575.2^(b) 434 Ex.371532.7^(b) 435 Ex.372 2336.0^(b) 436 Ex.373 2357.0^(b) 437 Ex.374 438Ex.375 79.1^(b) 439 Ex.376 30000.0^(b) 440 Ex.377 730.2^(b) 441 Ex.37819460.0^(b) 442 Ex.379 1166.5^(b) 443 Ex.380 6230.5^(b) 444 Ex.3801446.0^(b) 445 Ex.381 339.7^(b) 446 Ex.382 4327.0 447 Ex.38313,500.0^(b) 448 Ex.383 1,949.0^(b) 449 Ex.384 206.8^(a) 450 Ex.3858.4^(a) 451 Ex.386 58.6^(a) 452 Ex.387 7.0^(a) 453 Ex.388 6.2^(a) 454Ex.389 128.3^(a) 455 Ex.390 2456.1^(a) 456 Ex.391 877.2^(a) 457 Ex.3911351.28^(a) 458 Ex.392 3702.8^(a) 459 Ex.393 693.3^(a) 460 Ex.3949805.4^(a) 461 Ex.395 16.7^(a) 462 Ex.396 1.4^(a) 463 Ex.397 1.1^(a) 464Ex.398 7.9^(a) 465 Ex.399 1.2^(a) 466 Ex.400 13.2^(a) 467 Ex.401 2.8^(a)468 Ex.402 16.7^(a) 469 Ex.403 1519.7^(a) 470 Ex.404 67.0^(a) 471 Ex.405869.5^(a) 472 Ex.406 13,500.0^(b) 473 Ex.416 474 Ex.407 26.6^(a) 475Ex.76  5158.0^(a) 476 Ex.408 33.1^(a) 477 Ex.409 693.5^(a) 478 Ex.4092.2^(a) 479 Ex.424 604.1^(b) 480 Ex.424 4.2^(b) 481

273.6^(b) 482

42.8^(b) 483 Ex.417 960.5^(b) 484 Ex.417 7.2^(b) 485

99.1^(b) 486

87.1^(b) 487 Ex.423 21.2^(b) 488

76.3^(b) 489

92.8^(b) 490

72.8^(b) 491

78.2^(b) 492

403^(b) 493

29.8^(b) 494

54.3^(b) 495

44.3^(b) 496

187.8^(b) 497

144.3^(b) 498

27.1^(b) 499

148.9^(b) 500

199.3^(b) 501

15.8^(b) 502

521.1^(b) 503

39^(b) 504

807^(b) 505

170.6^(b) 506

34.3^(b) 507

128^(b) 508

48^(b) 509

267^(b) 510

61^(b) 511

9^(b) 512

77^(b) 513

9^(b) 514

8^(b) 515

10^(b) 516

890^(b) 517

877.1^(b) 518

53^(b) 519 Ex. 411 520

521a Ex.415 14^(b) 521b Ex.416 691^(b) 522 Ex.420 294^(b) 523 Ex.4202.4^(b) 524

5.0^(b) 525 Ex.431 6.8^(b) 526 Ex.430 9.0^(b) 527 Ex.413 16^(b) 528Ex.428 10^(b) 529

128^(b) 530

115^(b) 531

169^(b) 532

320^(b) 533 Ex.414 8.9^(b) 534

128^(b) 535 Ex.432 40^(b) 536

172^(b) 537

88^(b) 538

614^(b) 539

2440^(b) 540

138^(b) 541 Ex.427 4.0^(b) 542

11^(b) 543

4.5^(b) 544

21^(b) 545

9.4^(b) 546

212^(b) 547

157^(b) 548

23^(b) 549

110^(b) 550

77^(b) 551 Ex.426 12^(b) 552

25^(b) 553

34^(b) 554 Ex.433 30^(b) 555

149.0^(b) 556

176.6^(b) 557 Ex.422 8^(b) 558

4,079.5^(b) 559 Ex.419 7^(b) 560 Ex.419 3,1060.0^(b) 561

11.7^(b) 562

8,052.0^(b) 563

168.7^(b) 564

60.0^(b) 565

1,452.5^(b) 566

134.2^(b) 567

250.5^(b) 568

546.7^(b) 569 Ex.418 13.2^(b) 570

13500^(b) 571

111.7^(b) 572 Ex.429 7.0^(b) 573

57.9^(b) 574

78.6^(b) 575

576

108.3^(b) 577

247.6^(b) 578

3.9^(b) 579

15.9^(b) 580 Ex.421 6^(b) 581 Ex.421 181^(b) 582

457.9^(b) 583

267.8^(b) 584

423.8^(b) 585

4,226.0^(b) 586

2,119.0^(b) 587

13,500.0^(b) 588

19,370.0^(b) 589

4,509.3^(b) 590 Ex.425 591 Ex.412 592

7^(b) 593

6^(b) 594

99^(b) 595

105^(b) 596

455^(b) 597

86^(b) 598

15^(b) 599

12^(b) 600

390^(b) 601

293^(b) 602

6.2^(b) 603

102^(b) 604

31^(b) ^(a)IC₅₀ values were determined according to protocols describedin Example 434A. ^(b)IC₅₀ values were determined according to protocolsdescribed in Example 435.

1. A compound represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: ring Het is a 5membered monocyclic heterocycle or a 6 membered monocyclic heterocycle;X is —O—, —C(R_(a)R_(b))—C(R₃R₄)—, —C(R₃R₄)—C(R_(a)R_(b))— or —C(R₃R₄)—;R_(a) and R_(b) are each independently —H, -halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl,methoxy, fluoromethoxy, methoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and fluoro(C₁-C₄)alkyl; eachR₀ is independent selected from —H, ═O, ═S, ═NR₁₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —CN, —NO₂, halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroarylor heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group representedby R₀ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,aryl, heteroaryl, —NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—S(O)_(i)R₅—, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —OR₅, —C(═O)R₅, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(O)OR₅,—OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —O(C—O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅,—NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C—S)NR₁₂R₁₃ and—C(═S)R₅, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroarylgroups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₀ are eachoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selectedfrom halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁ is —H, —OH,—(C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl; wherein each alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl isoptionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selectedfrom halogen, —CN, —OH, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxyand halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy; each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H,-halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR(C—S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, and —C(═O)R₅, and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C_(g))cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl groups represented by R₂ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅,—C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on thegroups represented by R₂ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H,-halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl represented by R₃ and R₄ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on thegroups represented by R₃ and R₄ are each optionally substituted with 1to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon towhich they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 memberedmonocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclicring, wherein ring A optionally contains 1 to 3 heteroatomsindependently selected from O, N, and S and when the heteroatom isnitrogen, the nitrogens is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl orhalo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfurs isoptionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionally substitutedwith 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the groupconsisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, (C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryland heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected fromhalogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroarylor heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl in the groupsrepresented by R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of halogen, ═O,—NR₆C(═NH)NR₆R₇, —C(═O)OR_(c), —OR_(c), —SR_(c), —C(═O)NR₆R₇,—C(═O)R_(c), —S(O)_(i)R_(c), —NO₂, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and —NR₆R₇;R_(c) is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl,or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, all of which groups are optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₈ andR₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A,which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A optionally contains 1 to 3heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S and when theheteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with —H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, thesulfur is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of from halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, andheteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryland heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected fromhalogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or when R₃ and R₄,together with the carbon to which they are attached, form a ring A, R₈and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅,—C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁ (C═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, and—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl orheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl group represented by R₈ and R₉ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅,—O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(═S)R₅,—NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl andheteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₈and R₉ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₁ is or(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein (C₁-C₆)alkyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 5substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl andheteroaryl, wherein the (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groupsare each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substitutes independentlyselected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein the(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group isoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with the nitrogen towhich they are attached, form a 3-8 membered ring optionally substitutedwith 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the groupconsisting of halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅,—C(═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₆R₇,—NR₁₁(C═S)NR₆R₇, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8membered ring optionally contains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, whichare independently selected from O, N and S, wherein when the additionalheteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with —H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the additional heteroatom issulfur, the sulfur is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; R₁₅ is —H or(C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5-F. i is 0, 1 or 2; p is1, 2 3 or 4; and q is 1, 2 or
 3. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein thecompound is represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is —O—,—CH₂—C(R₃R₄)—, or —C(R₃R₄)—; W is —N(R₁₄)—, —S—, —O—; Z is —C(═O)—,—C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—,—C(═NR₁₅)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —N(R₁₈)—, —(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)— or —O—(CR₁₆R₁₇)—,provided when W is S— or —O—, Z is not —O—; R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl; each R₂ is independentlyselected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, and —C(═O)R₅; and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl,phenoxy, and benzyloxy, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Br, —CN, —OR₅,—SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; R₃ and R₄ are eachindependently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroarylis optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,—S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; or R₃ and R₄, togetherwith the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 memberedpolycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; R₅ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇) cycloheteroalkyl, aryl,heteroaryl or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to whichthey are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclicring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring,wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN,—OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; orwhen R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached,form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl,or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; R₁₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkylor halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkyl amino (C₁-C₆)alkyl,or di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with thenitrogen to which they are attached, form a 3-8 membered ring optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxyand (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8 membered ring optionallycontains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, which are independently selectedfrom O, N and S, wherein when the additional heteroatom is nitrogen, thenitrogens is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, andwhen the additional heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfurs is optionally monoor di-oxygenated; R₁₄ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl,each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy; R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₆ andR₁₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₁₈ is —H or(C₁-C₃)alkyl; i is 0, 1 or 2; p is 1 or 2; and m is 1 or
 2. 3. Thecompound of claim 2, wherein the compound is represented by any one ofthe following Structural Formulas:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 4. The compound of claim2, wherein the compound is represented by any one of the followingStructural Formulas:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 5. The compound of claim3, wherein ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14 memberedbicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C_(r) C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl,hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S. 6.The compound of claim 5, wherein ring A is selected from the groupconsisting of tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane,cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cycloheptane, oxepane, 1,3-dioxane,piperidine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene,2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene,5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline,2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine, and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each ofwhich is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxyand phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl,—Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.
 7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R₂is a pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl or pyrimidinyl, each optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.
 8. The compound of claim 6, wherein thecompound is represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R₁₀ isindependently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the groups representedby R₁₀ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and s is 0, 1, 2 or
 3. 9. The compound ofclaim 4, wherein the compound is represented by the following StructuralFormula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R₁₀ isindependently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —NO₂,—OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅,—C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅,—O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(—S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,(C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl,heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the groups representedby R₁₀ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and s is 0, 1, 2 or
 3. 10. The compound claim8, wherein R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of—F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl andhalo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy.
 11. The compound of claim 10, wherein R₁₀ isindependently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN,-Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃, —OCF₃.
 12. The compound of claim 10, wherein R₁ is—H and R₁₄, when present, is -Me.
 13. The compound claim 12, whereinring A is represented by the following structural formula:

wherein: R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently selected from —H, halogen,—CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl andheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl andheteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from thegroup consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)_(alkyl), (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 14. The compound ofclaim 13, wherein: R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy,halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.
 15. The compound ofclaim 12, wherein ring A is represented by the following structuralformula:

wherein: R_(g) and R_(h), for each occurrence, are independently —H,-halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,(C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl represented by R_(h) isoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the groupconsisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅,—NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃,—C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C_(s))cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl,(C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl,cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy,C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; x is an integer from 1 to4; and y is an integer from 1 to
 6. 16. The compound of claim 15,wherein R_(g) is —H and R_(h) is —H.
 17. The compound of claim 14,wherein: R₁ is —H or —C(═O)(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₂ is —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl,(C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the heteroaryl is selectedfrom pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl,oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl,quinoxalinyl, triazole and thiophenyl, the heterocycloalkyl is selectedfrom oxetanyl, tretrahydrafuran, tetrapyran, piperidine, pyrrolidinyland pyrrolidinonyl, and each of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl,(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl and(C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups represented by R₂ isoptionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selectedfrom halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl,—NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(O)R₅, —OH, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy andhalo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy; and R₁₄, when present, is —H, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇,(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,wherein the heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl,pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl,pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl and thiophenyl and triazolyl,the (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydropyran, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl, and each of the(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,(C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl,heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groupsrepresented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl,(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁SO₂R₅, —OH, —COOR₅, —C(═O)R₅,—C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃ and thiazolyl.
 18. The compound of claim 17, wherein: R₅is selected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, whereinthe phenyl group in the groups represented by R₅ is optionallysubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —F,—Cl, —Br, —CN, ═O, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl and(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₆ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₇ is —H,(C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl,(C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₁₁ is —H or(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₁₂ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; and R₁₃ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl,halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or(C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogenatom to which they are attached forms a pyrrolidine or piperidine ring.19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or diluent and a compound of claim 1 or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 20. A method of inhibitingBACE activity in a subject in need of such treatment comprisingadministering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of claim1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 21. A method oftreating a BACE mediated disorder in a subject comprising administeringto the subject an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 22. The method of claim 21,wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting ofAlzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, Down's Syndrome, HCHWA-D,cognitive decline, senile dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy,degenerative dementia, other neurodegenerative disorders, and glaucoma.23. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is Alzheimer's disease.24. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is glaucoma.